Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History最新文献

{"title":"Burchell's serpents","authors":"K. C. Davies","doi":"10.3366/JSBNH.1980.9.4.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/JSBNH.1980.9.4.455","url":null,"abstract":"most thankless and ungrateful one, to unpatronised talent, under Heaven. Having expended large sums in prosecuting his travels in Southern Africa, and bringing home immense collections, astronomical observations &c, the Prussian government offered him a handsome pension, if he would carry all to Berlin, and settle in the city. This he refused, under the vain hope of publishing his discoveries in his","PeriodicalId":354095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125302114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science, popular culture and profit: Peale's Philadelphia Museum","authors":"T. Appel","doi":"10.3366/JSBNH.1980.9.PART_4.619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/JSBNH.1980.9.PART_4.619","url":null,"abstract":"The Philadelphia Museum, begun in 1786, was the first scientifically organized museum of natural history in the United States. For most of its sixty years of existence, it housed the largest collection of natural history specimens in the country. This impressive public museum was founded not by a college or a university, not by a scientific society, or by a national or local government, but by a relatively poor individual, the American portrait painter, Charles Willson Peale,1 who operated the Museum for private gain. Peale has often been labelled a \"showman\" by historians.2 In itself the word is not entirely unjustified, for Peale did in fact employ some of the techniques of an entrepreneur in order to lure the public into paying his 25<f admission fee. However, the word \"showman\" has to Americans become almost synonymous with the 19th century circus impressario, P. T. Barnum. Peale has been regarded as a precursor of Barnum, who, to reinforce the connection, eventually obtained half of Peale's natural history collections, and whose American Museum in New York City marked the culmination in America of the tradition of private museums begun by Charles Willson Peale. Yet in their aims and their relation to the scientific communities of their day, Peale and Barnum were worlds apart. Calling Peale a \"showman\" obscures the fact that when Peale began his museum of natural history, a","PeriodicalId":354095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History","volume":"49 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129808938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spencer F. Baird and his collectors","authors":"W. Deiss","doi":"10.3366/JSBNH.1980.9.4.635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/JSBNH.1980.9.4.635","url":null,"abstract":"On 17 May 1878 Spencer Baird was chosen, by unanimous vote of the Board of Regents, the second Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. His election followed by four days the death of Joseph Henry, the Institution's first Secretary. For a short while the Regents debated the suggestion by Peter Parker, a citizen regent from Washington, D. C, that Baird be named Secretary ad interim and that the appointment of a permanent Secretary be postponed until the next annual meeting in January 1879. Senator Hannibal Hamlin of Maine thought the Board ought to proceed at once to elect a Secretary because 'to delay would be to invite great contention for the office'. Soon Parker withdrew his motion, and the Board proceeded to elect Spencer Baird as Joseph Henry's successor.1 It was later reported by Baird's daughter Lucy that the new Secretary was greatly saddened by his friend's death, and was so embarassed and pained by the congratulations heaped upon him by friends and well-wishers that he fled Washington for two or three days in order to escape them.2","PeriodicalId":354095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History","volume":"138 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134289974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Florentine scientific museums","authors":"Annalisa Berzi, C. Cipriani, M. Poggesi","doi":"10.3366/JSBNH.1980.9.4.413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/JSBNH.1980.9.4.413","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134623529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The history of the Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Historical Geology in Munich","authors":"P. Wellnhofer","doi":"10.3366/JSBNH.1980.9.4.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/JSBNH.1980.9.4.383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121665672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some ornithological results of Cook's third voyage","authors":"D. G. Medway","doi":"10.3366/JSBNH.1979.9.3.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/JSBNH.1979.9.3.315","url":null,"abstract":"oceanic species and of those five one was a duck and three were land birds which were collected when they flew aboard the Endeavour at sea. Some bird specimens from the voyage did find their way back to England but available evidence indicates that the number of such specimens was by no means significant. It seems that the first published descriptions of only four species, viz. Trichoglossus moluccanus (Gmelin, 1788), Calyptorhynchus banksii (Latham, 1790), and Nymphicus hollandicus (Kerr, 1792), all from Australia, and Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae (Gmelin, 1788) from New Zealand, were based on first voyage specimens taken back to England. In addition, Parkinson (who was employed by Banks primarily as a botanical draughtsman) left thirty-five paintings of birds met with on the voyage, one of which (folio 13 of Pelagodroma marina marina (Latham, 1790)), is the type of the species depicted. These and other bird paintings from Cook's three voyages are identified and described in Lysaght's most valuable work (1959) on the bird paintings in the Library of Sir Joseph Banks. The naturalists on Cook's second voyage made a much more significant contribution to the ornithology of the regions visited. Anders Sparrman later published the descriptions of several new species from second voyage specimens several of which still survive. Unfortunately for J. R. Forster his detailed and accurate descriptions of newly-discovered bird species were not published until many years later. In the meantime most of the species he referred to had been validly described by Gmelin from Latham's descriptions based on specimens many of which must have been taken back to England on the second voyage ships. Several of these specimens still survive. The elder Forster's descriptions were most ably supplemented by invaluable paintings by his son, several of which now have type status, which, together with other second voyage bird paintings by an unknown artist, have also been identified by Lysaght. A further most significant addition to available materials relating to second voyage ornithology will be the forthcoming Hakluyt Society publication of J. R. Forster's Resolution journal, edited by Dr Michael E. Hoare, which contains numerous valuable ornithological observations.","PeriodicalId":354095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History","volume":"44 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125676245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biography of Georg Marcgraf (1610-1643/4) by his brother Christian, translated by James Petiver","authors":"P. Whitehead","doi":"10.3366/JSBNH.1979.9.3.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/JSBNH.1979.9.3.301","url":null,"abstract":"Georg Marcgraf (or Marcgrave) was born in Liebstadt near Dresden in 1610 and died in Angola in 1643 or 1644. He is best known as the co-author with Willem Pies (or Piso) of the influential Historia naturalis Brasiliae of 1648, a work that for a hundred and fifty years served as the naturalist's vade mecum for Brazil, and indeed for much of the Neotropical region (Piso & Marcgrave, 1648). The abbreviation Marcgr., as well as the curious Brazilian vernacular names to which he gave currency, are frequently met with in 17th and 18th century literature, while many Linnaean and subsequent binomials for animals and plants of Brazil were based wholly or partly on Marcgrafs descriptions and figures. Thus, the Historia is one of those pre-Linnaean works that still demand the attention of the taxonomist. During his six or seven years in Brazil (1638—1643/4), Marcgraf explored such diverse fields as zoology, botany, astronomy, cartography, meteorology and perhaps anthropology. He is a fine example of the polymath working in the field and not the closet. As yet, no comprehensive biography has been attempted of this man whom Gudger (1912) called 'first student of American natural history [who] had he lived but a few years longer to have put into shape his Brazilian collections and observations, would certainly have raised himself to the rank of first natural historian of his time, and possibly the greatest since Aristotle'. The two most important biographical sketches ofMarcgraf have been this paper by Gudger, who concentrated on his zoological work (especially ichthyology); and an earlier paper by Hantsch (1896), who devoted half his essay to Marcgrafs cartography. Gudger did not know Hantsch's essay, while Hantsch did not know Gudger's most important source, the subject of the present paper. Later authors have used Hantsch or Gudger, sometimes both, but have added few new facts and fewer insights. Elsewhere, I have reviewed the various biographical studies and have given a sketch ofMarcgraf s life and an account of his zoology (Whitehead, 1979); a thorough account ofMarcgraf s astronomy is given by North (1979). These two papers, issued as part of the tercentenary celebrations for Marcgrafs patron in Brazil, the Governor-General Count Johan Maurits of Nassau-Siegen, summarize what little is known of Marcgrafs life and activities.","PeriodicalId":354095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128828680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The introduced trees and shrubs cultivated by the Tradescants at South Lambeth, 1629-1679","authors":"P. Jarvis","doi":"10.3366/JSBNH.1979.9.3.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/JSBNH.1979.9.3.223","url":null,"abstract":"John Tradescant (d.1637 or 1638) and his son, also named John, (1608—1662) were among the most important horticulturalists in seventeenth century England. Their importance came from their skills as gardeners, from the range of plants that they grew, from the number of plant introductions that appear to have been first cultivated by them, and from their own active part in plant collecting in Russia, North Africa and Virginia. Furthermore, there are lists of plants received or cultivated at their garden in South Lambeth for 1629—1633, 1634, 1656, and 1679. These lists, together with material from other contemporary sources, provide a unique opportunity not only to review in detail the contents of a major horticultural centre but also to assess the contributions made by the Tradescants to seventeenth century horticulture.","PeriodicalId":354095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131173243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical records of the Irish Ericaceae, with particular reference to the discovery and naming of Erica mackaiana","authors":"E. Nelson","doi":"10.3366/JSBNH.1979.9.3.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/JSBNH.1979.9.3.289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132277612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The plagiarisms of Thomas Henry Cooper","authors":"D. E. Allen","doi":"10.3366/JSBNH.1979.9.PART_3.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/JSBNH.1979.9.PART_3.275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125726423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}