{"title":"Risk sharing under the dominant peer‐to‐peer property and casualty insurance business models","authors":"M. Denuit, C. Robert","doi":"10.1111/RMIR.12180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RMIR.12180","url":null,"abstract":"This paper purposes to formalize the three business models dominating peer-to-peer (P2P) property and casualty insurance: the self-governing model, the broker model and the carrier model. The former one develops outside the insurance market whereas the latter ones may originate from the insurance industry, by partnering with an existing company or by issuing a new generation of participating insurance policies where part of the risk is shared within a community and higher losses, exceeding the community’s risk-bearing capacity are covered by an insurance or reinsurance company. The present paper proposes an actuarial modeling based on conditional mean risk sharing, to support the development of this new P2P insurance offer under each of the three business models. In addition, several specific questions are also addressed in the self-governing model. Considering an economic agent who has to select the optimal pool for a risk to be shared with other participants, it is shown that uniform comparison of the Lorenz or concentration curves associated to the respective total losses of the pools under consideration allows the agent to decide which pool is preferable. The monotonicity of the respective contributions of the participants is established with respect to the convex order, showing that increasing the number of participants is always beneficial under conditional mean risk sharing.","PeriodicalId":35338,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Insurance Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83892686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Market reactions to enterprise risk management adoption, incorporation by rating agencies, and ORSA Act passage","authors":"Evan M. Eastman, Jianren Xu","doi":"10.1111/RMIR.12170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RMIR.12170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35338,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Insurance Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72883487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Shannon, Tim Jannusch, Florian David-Spickermann, Martin Mullins, Martin Cunneen, Finbarr Murphy
{"title":"Connected and autonomous vehicle injury loss events: Potential risk and actuarial considerations for primary insurers","authors":"D. Shannon, Tim Jannusch, Florian David-Spickermann, Martin Mullins, Martin Cunneen, Finbarr Murphy","doi":"10.1111/RMIR.12168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RMIR.12168","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to the road transport ecosystem will change the manner of collisions. CAVs are expected to optimize the safety of road users and the wider environment, while alleviating traffic congestion and maximizing occupant comfort. The net result is a reduction in the frequency of motor vehicle collisions, and a reduction in the number of injuries currently seen as “ preventable. ” A changing risk ecosystem will introduce new challenges and opportunities for primary insurers. Prior studies have highlighted the economic benefit provided by reductions in the frequency of hazardous events. This economic benefit, however, will be offset by the economic detriment incurred by emerging risks and the increased scrutiny placed on existing risks. We posit four plausible scenarios de-tailing how an introduction of these technologies could result in a larger relative rate of injury claims currently characterized as tail ‐ risk events. In such a scenario, the culmination of these losses will present as a second “ hump ” in actuarial loss models. We discuss how CAV risk factors and traffic dynamics may combine to make a second “ hump ” a plausible reality, and discuss a number of opportunities that may arise for primary insurers from a changing road environment.","PeriodicalId":35338,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Insurance Review","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91131450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cyber risk management: History and future research directions","authors":"Michael K. McShane, M. Eling, Trung Nguyen","doi":"10.1111/RMIR.12169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RMIR.12169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35338,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Insurance Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"93-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81773325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"China's nonlife insurance market: New insights from the China Insurance Yearbook","authors":"Douglas Bujakowski","doi":"10.1111/RMIR.12167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RMIR.12167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35338,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Insurance Review","volume":"133 1","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74699390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bojan Srbinoski, K. Poposki, P. Born, Valter Lazzari
{"title":"Life insurance demand and borrowing constraints","authors":"Bojan Srbinoski, K. Poposki, P. Born, Valter Lazzari","doi":"10.1111/RMIR.12166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RMIR.12166","url":null,"abstract":"In the empirical macroeconomic research, the positive relationship between financial development and life insurance development was taken for granted without delving into the complexity of the issue. Financial development supports life insurance supply by providing confidence in the financial system, more efficient payment systems and higher availability of financial instruments. However, financial development reduces households’ needs to save by relaxing borrowing constraints, indirectly affecting life insurance demand. We contribute by providing a demand-driven explanation of the negative consequences of financial development on life insurance development. We find that more creditconstrained countries have higher life insurance penetration on average. The effect is especially pronounced within high-income countries. The role of borrowing constraints indirectly signifies the importance of life insurance policies as a financing tool in case of realization of various background risks. This study integrates the knowledge from life insurance theory, life insurance lapse, policy loans demand and saving under liquidity constraints literatures and produces implications for researchers, policymakers and life insurers. JEL Classification: G22, G51, O16","PeriodicalId":35338,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Insurance Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"37-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74490160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Usage‐based insurance and its acceptance: An empirical approach","authors":"A. Śliwiński, Lukasz Kurylowicz","doi":"10.1111/RMIR.12165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RMIR.12165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35338,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Insurance Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"71-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81329034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anya E R Prince, Wendy R Uhlmann, Sonia M Suter, Aaron M Scherer
{"title":"Genetic testing and insurance implications: Surveying the US general population about discrimination concerns and knowledge of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA).","authors":"Anya E R Prince, Wendy R Uhlmann, Sonia M Suter, Aaron M Scherer","doi":"10.1111/rmir.12195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.12195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, due to public concerns of genetic discrimination, some countries and insurance industries have adopted policies restricting insurer use of genetic information, such as the US Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). This study reports on combined analysis of two surveys assessing public knowledge of GINA and concerns of genetic discrimination in a diverse U.S. sample (N=1616). We focus on whether occupation, genetic testing history, and insurance status are correlated with knowledge of GINA or concerns of discrimination. While bivariate analysis identified some populations with higher subjective/objective knowledge and concern relative to counterparts, multivariable regression identified very few significant associations with outcomes of interest. Overall, this study highlights lack of awareness and understanding of GINA, even among subpopulations hypothesized to have greater knowledge of the law. These findings have implications for the broader debate around insurer use of genetic information.</p>","PeriodicalId":35338,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Insurance Review","volume":"24 4","pages":"341-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9165621/pdf/nihms-1755524.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10256490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The short-run impact of COVID-19 on the activity in the insurance industry in the Republic of North Macedonia.","authors":"Viktor Stojkoski, Petar Jolakoski, Igor Ivanovski","doi":"10.1111/rmir.12187","DOIUrl":"10.1111/rmir.12187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic will induce drastic changes in the business models of the insurance industry. However, despite an abundance of predictions, the literature still lacks empirical investigations of the impact of the pandemic. In this paper, we perform a first of a kind analysis and investigate the short-run impact of COVID-19 on the activity in the insurance in one country-North Macedonia. By utilizing a seasonal autoregressive model, we find that during the first half of 2020, the activity in the insurance industry shrank by more than 10% to what was expected. The total loss in the industry amounted to approximately 8.2 million euros. This was much less than the volume of reserves that the Insurance Supervision Agency made available as funds for dealing with the potential crisis. In addition, the pandemic induced changes in the insurance activity structure-the share of motor vehicles class in the total industry activity fell at the expense of the property classes. Our results suggest that the insurance industry in North Macedonia was well prepared to tackle the consequences of the pandemic and that automatic stabilizers had a major influence on weakening the overall negative impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":35338,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Insurance Review","volume":"24 3","pages":"221-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8661886/pdf/RMIR-24-221.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39726360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}