World Journal of Applied Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Alterations in the blood parameters of Clarias gariepinus (Clarridae) feed varying inclusion of levels of rubber seed meal (Havea brasiliensis)","authors":"S. N. Anokwuru, A. O. Okon, A. Akpan, A. Nta, E. Abolagba, L. Dongo, P. Anegbeh, E. A. Fagbemi","doi":"10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.62","url":null,"abstract":"Haematological changes in Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed diets containing Rubber (Havea brasiliensis) Seed Meal (RSM) at varying inclusion levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) was evaluated in a ninety-day feeding trials. Four iso nitrogenous and iso caloric diets containing the fish feed diet showed significant (P<0.05) difference over fish feed control diet with respect to WBC, Hb, MCH mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Fish feed control diet had the lowest WBC, Hb, MCH, and MCHC. There was no significant difference (P >0.05) in the fish fed control diet and test diets with respect to RBC. Hence it can be concluded that the haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus is not significantly (P>0.05) changed with increase dietary inclusion of rubber seed meal.","PeriodicalId":353187,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116529825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Casson fluid flow with heat generation and radiation effect through a porous medium of an exponentially shrinking sheet","authors":"I. F. Ekang, E. E. Joshua, I. Senge","doi":"10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.56","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, the effects of radiation on two dimensional non-Newtonian Casson fluid flows over an exponentially shrinking sheet through a porous medium with heat generation and viscous dissipation are investigated. The governing high nonlinear partial differential equations, with the aid of similarity transformation are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations and then solved numerically using a shooting method with fourth order Runge-Kutta scheme. The effects of the controlling parameters on velocity and temperature profiles are illustrated graphically using MATLAB software. The result shows that the skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number reduces with increase in the values of the radiation and suction parameter. Also, increase in the Casson and suction parameters leads to increase in the velocity distribution of the fluid and decrease in the temperature distribution of the fluid.","PeriodicalId":353187,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121588059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acids, fatty acids and mineral elements composition of Roystonea regia and Ptychosperma macarthurii palm kernels","authors":"E. Essien, B. Antia, E. M. David, A. Solomon","doi":"10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.94","url":null,"abstract":"Roystonea regia and Ptychosperma macarthurii are exotic palm species widely grown in Nigeria as ornamentals. The kernels of R. regia and P. macarthurii were subjected to amino acids, fatty acids, and mineral elements analyses in this study. Glutamic acid (13. 64 and 14.00 g/100 g), aspartic acid (9.72 and 9.50 g/100 g), arginine (8.68 and 7.49 g/100 g), and leucine (7.23 and 7.98 g/100 g) were the dominant amino acids in R. regia and P. macarthurii seeds. The percentage yields of kernel oils were 13.9 and 1.7% for R. regia and P. macarthurii, respectively. Gas chromatograph facilitated the identification of thirteen fatty acids, mainly comprised of oleic acid (25.19 and 35.64%), linoleic acid (57.88 and 45.60%), and palmitic acid (9.6 and 10.03%) in R. regia and P. macarthurii, respectively. The analysis also revealed the high unsaturated nature of fixed oils of R. regia (83.63%) and P. macarthurii kernels (81.66%). Calcuim, copper, iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, sodium, and potassium were also detected in the kernels; majorly, calcium (71.5 mg/L) and magnesium (23.1 mg/L) in P. macarthurii kernels, whereas sodium (24.6 ppm) and potassium levels (50.1 ppm) were higher in R. regia kernels. These results reveal the high amino acids, fatty acids, and mineral elements content of R. regia and P. macarthurii kernels. These unexploited palm fruits could be properly utilized as animal feed, edible oil, or for other industrial purposes with the knowledge of its nutritional value and fixed oil content.","PeriodicalId":353187,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123305522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity concentration of natural radionuclides and transfer factors from soil to vegetable in parts of South South Nigeria","authors":"E. U. Benjamin, A. Essiett, M. Bede, J. Atat, I. Essien, E. F. Ejoh","doi":"10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.66","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally occurring radionuclide materials are known to exist in soils and is transferred into vegetables and eventually gets into food chain. This work was aimed at determining the activity concentration of these radionuclides in soils and vegetable (fluted pumpkin) and the internal exposure due to the consumption of these materials in the vegetable in parts of South South Nigeria particularly Etim Ekpo Local Government area. The activity concentrations of twenty (20) soil samples and 20 vegetable samples from the farmlands were determined using gamma spectrometry. The activity concentration for 40K ,232Th and 238U from the soil samples ranged from 6.69±0.35 (Bqkg-1) to 168.19 ±8.82 (Bqkg-1) ,0.23 ±0.01 (Bqkg-1) to 5.91 ±0.35 (Bqkg-1) and BDL to 21.53±2.5 (Bqkg-1) respectively. The activity concentration of 40K, 232Th and 238U in the vegetable ranged from (584.23±27.71) Bqkg-1 to (958.67±48.46) Bqkg-1, from (1.84±0.11) Bqkg-1 to (9.72 ±0.56) and from (BDL) to (38.34±3.74) Bqkg-1 respectively. Transfer factors obtained ranged between 12.07±4.7 to 35.35 ±27.9 for 40K, 1.80±0.125 to 5.76 ± 4.31 for 232Th and BDL to 21.05 for 238U. Effective ingestion dose due to the consumption of vegetable from the study area obtained as 0.0021mSvy-1. This value is less than the 0.29mSvy-1 recommended dose limit for the general public; therefore, the consumption of this vegetable could not cause a radiological health effect on its consumers. However negligible or low risk could be minimised when the vegetable is washed and cooked before being consumed. Hence, the results obtained in this study indicate that the activity concentration of the farmland soils and crops represent no significant health risk on the farmers and the consumers of the vegetables.","PeriodicalId":353187,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133925101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic detection of multi-drug resistant MBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples of patients in hospitals in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"U. Etang, S. Akpan, U. Inyang, N. Akpan, M. Tatfeng, A. Moses","doi":"10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.107","url":null,"abstract":"Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) continue to be a bane in the treatment of clinical infections in both community and hospital settings. Prompt detection of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains using antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and MBL detection are vital for therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of MDR and MBL-producing GNB from clinical samples in health facilities in Akwa Ibom State. A total of 480 samples comprising wound, urine and blood were collected aseptically from eligible in- and out-patients for the study and GNB were recovered from the samples using standard bacteriological techniques. The identification of isolated GNB, AST and detection of MBL-producing GNB were done using VITEK®2 COMPACT (Biomerieux) automated system, Modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and IMP+EDTA CDT phenotypic method, respectively. Gram-negative bacterial growth was detected in 135 (77.1%.) cases with Escherichia coli (20.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.8%) and Burkholderia cepacia (14.1%) being the most preponderant isolates. Urine yielded more GNB, 45.2% than other samples. The isolates were sensitive to gentamicin (63%), imipenem (54.8%), and ofloxacin (46.7%) but showed high resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (78.5%), ceftriaxone (74.1%) and aztreonam (66.7%). The overall prevalence of MDR was 60% with the highest recorded in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH), 64.8%. The overall prevalence of MBL producers was 39.3% with H. alvei, M. morgannii, P. mirabilis, R. radiobacter and P. aeruginosa being the majority, mostly from urine samples (47.5%) and UUTH health facility (43.7%). All MBL-producing GNB were MDR strains. Seven strains were pan-drug resistant. A combination of robust antibiotic and MBL screening of drug resistant GNB is essential for effective therapeutic decisions. Also, rational use of antibiotics, review of antibiotic usage policies and increased surveillance of MBL-producing GNB is strongly advocated.","PeriodicalId":353187,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125433749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic digestion of untreated manure: Environmental risk assessment of resultant digestates","authors":"U. Ndubuisi-Nnaji, U. Ofon, A. Asira, N. Dickson, E. Benson","doi":"10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.73","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic digestion (AD) of poultry and goat manure was performed to estimate the biochemical methane potential (BMP) and biosafety of the digestates using standard analytical and microbiological methods. The effects of residence time (RT) on BMP, process performance indicators, potential pathogens and indicator bacteria reduction as well as heavy metals concentrations were determined. The experiment was performed in a semi-batch mode at mesophilic temperature of 30 ± 0.2°C using 20 L prototype biodigesters over 45 days RT. The cumulative biogas yield from goat manure (31,703 ml/gVS) was > yield from poultry manure (30,275 ml/gVS). The process performance indicators after digestion revealed a minimal variation in pH (6.0 to 7.5) with notable reduction in total solids (55.0% in goat manure >50.6% in poultry manure) and volatile solid (56.1% in goat manure > 44.2% in poultry manure). Besides methanogens (Methanothrix, Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina species), Bacillus (100%) and Clostridium (87.5%) species were the most predominant bacterial genera. Sanitary assessment revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of indicator and potentially pathogenic bacteria at residence time ≥ 30 days. At 45 days RT, faecal coliform, Staphylococcus and Vibrio species were undetected in both poultry and goat manure digestates, while total coliforms (3.6 log CFU/ml) and Salmonella count (3.2 log CFU/ml) in poultry manure digestate were above tolerable limit. A negligible amount (p < 0.05) of heavy metals was observed with higher zinc and copper concentrations in poultry and goat manure respectively. Extension of residence time and/or further treatment is critical to ensure digestate meets the United States EPA/EU permissible limit of 3.0 log CFU/ml before farmland application","PeriodicalId":353187,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132185595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling a manufacturer-retailers trade credit supply chain using game theory","authors":"P. Ezimadu, S. O. Ezimadu","doi":"10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.80","url":null,"abstract":"Game-theoretic trade credit models are quite scarce, especially in relation to product promotion. This work examined a trade credit supply chain involving a manufacturer and two retailers in a decentralised supply chain in which the retailers engage in product promotion while the manufacturer financed them through credit provision. It considered a supply chain structure in which the manufacturer provides trade credit to the retailers and a situation in which he does not provide trade credit. It used Stackelberg game theory to determine the optimal promotion efforts, the credit periods and the players’ payoffs, and showed that while the manufacturer is better-off with the retailers’ efforts, the retailers need to consciously determine appropriate optimal effort to avoid getting short-changed. It also showed that while credit period reduces with the manufacturer’s margin, it increases with a retailer’s margin. It further showed that while the retailers’ payoffs reduce continuously with credit period, the manufacturer’s payoff is fixed in the long-run irrespective of the credit period provided by the manufacturer to the retailers. By comparison the players as well as the channel perform better with the adoption of trade credit, however a retailer must avoid placing he price margin at equality with that of the manufacturer if he hopes to enjoy long credit period.","PeriodicalId":353187,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology","volume":"1725 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127452985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different concentrations of biodegrader (Bacillus subtilis) on the survival of fingerlings in crude oil polluted environment","authors":"M. Ekpo, W. Ettah","doi":"10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.119","url":null,"abstract":"The role of various concentrations of hydrocarbon degraders (Bacillus subtilis) in the survivability of Clarias gariepinus reared in hydrocarbon polluted aquaria was investigated under laboratory conditions using standard microbiological and analytical protocols. Six aquaria containing ten fingerlings each were contaminated with 100ml of crude oil and different amount (5ml, 10ml, 15ml and 20ml) of hydrocarbon degraders (Bacillus subtilis) in broth culture were introduced into each of the aquarium. The set-up which was adequately aerated was monitored for 21 days for survivability of the fingerslings. The results revealed changes in swimming performance and feeding pattern of the fingerlings after crude oil contamination. Reduction in swimming was observed in those fingerlings with less hydrocarbon biodegraders. Similarly, the feeding habit of those fingerlings with less hydrocarbon degraders decreased significantly. The aquarium with no biodegrader recorded 3,2 and 3 deaths on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week respectively while the aquarium with the highest biodegraders recorded 2, 2 and 0 death on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week respectively. The rate of death of the fingerlings revealed that increase in hydrocarbon biodegraders in the aquarium increased the survival of the fingerlings in the aquarium. Specifically, it was observed that aquarium with the highest biodegrader (20ml) recorded the lowest mortality of 40% at the end of 21 days. No mortality was recorded in aquarium with no crude oil contamination. This study revealed that in the aquarium with highest hydrocarbon degraders, the effect of crude oil was quickly neutralised thus eliminating the mortality of the exposed fingerlings on the third week of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":353187,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116601943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial activities of Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Curcuma longa (turmeric) on some reference bacterial strains","authors":"K. O. Igoche, A. A. Adegoke, U. Ofon, C. U. Inyang","doi":"10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.124","url":null,"abstract":"The antimicrobial activities of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and Curcuma longa (turmeric) were studied on selected pathogens using standard microbiological techniques. Reference strains: Enterococcus durans ATCC 11576, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433, Enterococcus faecium ATCC 35667, Enterococcus gallinarium ATCC 49573, Enterococcus hirae ATCC 49135, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966, Acinetobacter baumanni ATCC 19606, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 13637 and Escherichia coli WG5 were obtained from GI-Microbiology/Biotechnology Agriculture Research Council, Irene and Durban University of Technology, South Africa. Crude ethanolic extracts and partitioned fractions; dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and 1-butanol were also investigated. Antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extracts of Z. officinale and C. longa showed zones of inhibition that ranged from 9 mm to 13 mm and 10 mm to 18 mm respectively against the test isolates. Z. officinale ethanolic extract showed no activities against Enterococcus gallinarium ATCC 49573 and Enterococcus hirae ATCC 49135 while C. longa ethanolic extract showed activities against all the test isolates. Various fractions showed inconsistent antimicrobial activities. The largest zone of inhibition was obtained from n-hexane (ZI= 22 mm) fraction of C. longa while Z. officinale crude extract showed zone of inhibition (ZI= 13) against all the tested isolates. Partitioned extracts showed 8-22 mm zone of inhibition with turmeric having the largest zone of inhibition. Activities in these extracts can be attributed to repertoire of phytochemical constituents, especially the Alkaloids and Flavonoids detected in them. These activities can be utilized for preservation purposes of food since both turmeric and ginger are edible natural spices.","PeriodicalId":353187,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116103170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological analysis of wine produced in the laboratory using pineapple and watermelon fruits fermented by Kloeckera apiculata","authors":"N. Bassey, C. Whong, A. A. Adegoke, S. Ado, C. Inyang","doi":"10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/wojast.v14i1b.51","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on the microbiological analysis of wine produced in a laboratory using pineapple and watermelon fruits fermented by Kloeckera apiculata. The study aimed at evaluating the microbial composition, including yeast, bacteria, and mold, and the physicochemical properties of the wine during the fermentation process. The experiment was conducted using two batches of fruit, pineapple, and watermelon, separately fermented using Kloeckera apiculata. Samples were collected at different stages of fermentation and analyzed for microbial composition, pH, alcohol content, and total acidity. The yeasts, mold, and bacteria present were enumerated and isolated by spread plate techniques and incubated at room temperatures for 24h. Resultant colonies were enumerated and identified by a standard protocol. The results showed that Kloeckera apiculata dominated the microbial population during the fermentation process. No mold was isolated due to the low level of oxygen present in the fermentor. Three bacteria species were identified and confirmed during the fermentation to be Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, and Pediococcus species which are non-pathogenic bacteria and did not constitute any threat to health rather added a sour taste to the wine and also decreased the pH of the wine. The wine produced from pineapple had a higher alcohol content and lower acidity than the wine produced from watermelon. These findings demonstrate the potential of Kloeckera apiculata for the production of wine using tropical fruits and highlight the importance of microbiological analysis in the quality control of wine production.","PeriodicalId":353187,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121498717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}