2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium最新文献

Improving Control Performance by Minimizing Jitter in RT-WiFi Networks 通过最小化RT-WiFi网络中的抖动来提高控制性能

2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RTSS.2014.26

Quan Leng, Yi-Hung Wei, Song Han, A. Mok, Wenlong Zhang, M. Tomizuka

{"title":"Improving Control Performance by Minimizing Jitter in RT-WiFi Networks","authors":"Quan Leng, Yi-Hung Wei, Song Han, A. Mok, Wenlong Zhang, M. Tomizuka","doi":"10.1109/RTSS.2014.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTSS.2014.26","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless networked control systems have received significant attention due to their great advantages in enhanced system mobility, and reduced deployment and maintenance cost. To support a wide range of high-speed wireless control applications, we presented in our prior work the design and implementation of a flexible real-time high-speed wireless communication platform called RT-WiFi. RT-WiFi currently provides up to 6kHz sampling rate and deterministic timing guarantee on packet delivery. While guaranteed delivery latency is essential for networked control, control performance is also impacted by communication jitter and other QoS parameters. To reduce jitter, a flexible network manager is needed to control network-wide scheduling of packet transportation. In this paper, we present an RT-WiFi network manager design and propose efficient solutions for two fundamental RT-WiFi network management problems. To improve control performance in networked control systems, our RT-WiFi network manager is designed to generate data link layer communication schedule with minimum jitter under both static and dynamic network topologies. In order to minimize network management overhead, an efficient data structure called S-tree is invented to manage the communication requests to deal with network dynamics. We have implemented the RT-WiFi network manager, and validated its network and control performance through extensive experiments with a real application.","PeriodicalId":353167,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123253916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Battery- and Aging-Aware Embedded Control Systems for Electric Vehicles 电动汽车电池和老化感知嵌入式控制系统

2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RTSS.2014.24

Wanli Chang, Alma Pröbstl, Dip Goswami, Majid Zamani, S. Chakraborty

{"title":"Battery- and Aging-Aware Embedded Control Systems for Electric Vehicles","authors":"Wanli Chang, Alma Pröbstl, Dip Goswami, Majid Zamani, S. Chakraborty","doi":"10.1109/RTSS.2014.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTSS.2014.24","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, for the first time, we propose a battery- and aging-aware optimization framework for embedded control systems design in electric vehicles (EVs). Performance and reliability of an EV are influenced by feedback control loops implemented into in-vehicle electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture. In this context, we consider the following design aspects of an EV: (i) battery usage, (ii) processor aging of the in-vehicle embedded platform. In this work, we propose a design optimization framework for embedded controllers with gradient-based and stochastic methods taking into account quality of control (QoC), battery usage and processor aging. First, we obtain a Pareto front between QoC and battery usage utilizing the optimization framework. Well-distributed non-dominated solutions are achieved by solving a constrained bi-objective optimization problem. In general, QoC of a control loop highly depends on the sampling period. When the processor ages, on-chip monitors could be used to measure the delay of the critical path, based on which, the processor operating frequency is reduced to ensure correct functioning. As a result, the sampling period gets longer opening up the possibility of QoC deterioration, which is highly undesirable for safety-critical applications in EVs. Utilizing the proposed framework, we take into account the effect of processor aging by re-optimizing the controller design with the prolonged sampling period resulting from processor aging. We illustrate the approach considering electric motor control in EVs. Our experimental results show that the effect of processor aging on QoC deterioration can be mitigated by controller re-optimization with a slight compromise on battery usage.","PeriodicalId":353167,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122158455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Wi-Sleep: Contactless Sleep Monitoring via WiFi Signals Wi-Sleep:通过WiFi信号进行非接触式睡眠监测

2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RTSS.2014.30

Xuefeng Liu, Jiannong Cao, Shaojie Tang, Jiaqi Wen

引用次数: 256

CapNet: A Real-Time Wireless Management Network for Data Center Power Capping CapNet:数据中心功率封顶的实时无线管理网络

2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RTSS.2014.35

Abusayeed Saifullah, S. Sankar, Jie Liu, Chenyang Lu, Ranveer Chandra, B. Priyantha

{"title":"CapNet: A Real-Time Wireless Management Network for Data Center Power Capping","authors":"Abusayeed Saifullah, S. Sankar, Jie Liu, Chenyang Lu, Ranveer Chandra, B. Priyantha","doi":"10.1109/RTSS.2014.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTSS.2014.35","url":null,"abstract":"Data center management (DCM) is increasingly becoming a significant challenge for enterprises hosting large scale online and cloud services. Machines need to be monitored, and the scale of operations mandates an automated management with high reliability and real-time performance. Existing wired networking solutions for DCM come with high cost. In this paper, we propose a wireless sensor network as a cost-effective networking solution for DCM while satisfying the reliability and latency performance requirements of DCM. We have developed Cap Net, a real-time wireless sensor network for power capping, a time-critical DCM function for power management in a cluster of servers. Cap Net employs an efficient event-driven protocol that triggers data collection only upon the detection of a potential power capping event. We deploy and evaluate Cap Net in a data center. Using server power traces, our experimental results on a cluster of 480 servers inside the data center show that Cap Net can meet the real-time requirements of power capping. Cap Net demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of wireless sensor networks for time-critical DCM applications.","PeriodicalId":353167,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129579492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

FLOPSYNC-2: Efficient Monotonic Clock Synchronisation FLOPSYNC-2:高效单调时钟同步

2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RTSS.2014.14

F. Terraneo, L. Rinaldi, M. Maggio, A. Papadopoulos, A. Leva

{"title":"FLOPSYNC-2: Efficient Monotonic Clock Synchronisation","authors":"F. Terraneo, L. Rinaldi, M. Maggio, A. Papadopoulos, A. Leva","doi":"10.1109/RTSS.2014.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTSS.2014.14","url":null,"abstract":"Time synchronisation is crucial for distributed systems, and particularly for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), where each node is executing concurrent operations to achieve a real-time objective. However, synchronisation is quite difficult to achieve in WSNs, due to the unpredictable deployment conditions and to physical effects like thermal stress, that cause drifts in the local node clocks. As a result, state-of-the-art synchronisation schemes do not guarantee monotonicity of the nodes clock, or are relying on external hardware assistance. In this paper we present FLOPSYNC-2, a scheme to synchronise the clocks of multiple nodes in a WSN, requiring no additional hardware, and based on the application of control-theoretical principles. The scheme guarantees low overhead, low power consumption and synchronisation with clock monotonicity. We propose an implementation of FLOPSYNC-2 on top of the microcontroller operating system Miosix, and prove the validity of our claims with several-days-long experiments on an eight-hop network. The experimental results show that the average clock difference among nodes is limited to a hundred of ns, with a sub-microsecond standard deviation. By introducing a suitable power model, we also prove that synchronisation is achieved with a sub-μA consumption overhead.","PeriodicalId":353167,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114803743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Real-Time Reachability for Verified Simplex Design 验证单纯形设计的实时可达性

2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1145/2723871

Taylor T. Johnson, Stanley Bak, M. Caccamo, L. Sha

{"title":"Real-Time Reachability for Verified Simplex Design","authors":"Taylor T. Johnson, Stanley Bak, M. Caccamo, L. Sha","doi":"10.1145/2723871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2723871","url":null,"abstract":"The Simplex Architecture ensures the safe use of an unverifiable complex controller by using a verified safety controller and verified switching logic. This architecture enables the safe use of high-performance, untrusted, and complex control algorithms without requiring them to be formally verified. Simplex incorporates a supervisory controller and safety controller that will take over control if the unverified logic misbehaves. The supervisory controller should (1) guarantee the system never enters and unsafe state (safety), but (2) use the complex controller as much as possible (minimize conservatism). The problem of precisely and correctly defining this switching logic has previously been considered either using a control-theoretic optimization approach, or through an offline hybrid systems reach ability computation. In this work, we prove that a combined online/offline approach, which uses aspects of the two earlier methods along with a real-time reach ability computation, also maintains safety, but with significantly less conservatism. We demonstrate the advantages of this unified approach on a saturated inverted pendulum system, where the usable region of attraction is 227% larger than the earlier approach.","PeriodicalId":353167,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124439368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 94

A Dual-Criticality Memory Controller (DCmc): Proposal and Evaluation of a Space Case Study 双临界存储器控制器(DCmc):空间案例研究的建议与评估

2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RTSS.2014.23

J. Jalle, E. Quiñones, J. Abella, L. Fossati, Marco Zulianello, F. Cazorla

引用次数: 59

vMPCP: A Synchronization Framework for Multi-core Virtual Machines vMPCP:多核虚拟机的同步框架

2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RTSS.2014.11

Hyoseung Kim, Shige Wang, R. Rajkumar

{"title":"vMPCP: A Synchronization Framework for Multi-core Virtual Machines","authors":"Hyoseung Kim, Shige Wang, R. Rajkumar","doi":"10.1109/RTSS.2014.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTSS.2014.11","url":null,"abstract":"The virtualization of real-time systems has received much attention for its many benefits, such as the consolidation of individually developed real-time applications while maintaining their implementations. However, the current state of the art still lacks properties required for resource sharing among real-time application tasks in a multi-core virtualization environment. In this paper, we propose vMPCP, a synchronization framework for the virtualization of multi-core real-time systems. Vmpcp exposes the executions of critical sections of tasks in a guest virtual machine to the hyper visor. Using this approach, vMPCP reduces and bounds blocking time on accessing resources shared within and across virtual CPUs (VCPUs) assigned on different physical CPU cores. Vmpcp supports periodic server and deferrable server policies for the VCPU budget replenish policy, with an optional budget overrun to reduce blocking times. We provide the VCPU and task schedulability analyses under vMPCP, with different VCPU budget supply policies, with and without overrun. Experimental results indicate that, under vMPCP, deferrable server outperforms periodic server when overrun is used, with as much as 80% more task sets being schedulable. The case study using our hyper visor implementation shows that vMPCP yields significant benefits compared to a virtualization-unaware multi-core synchronization protocol, with 29% shorter response time on average.","PeriodicalId":353167,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127941415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

PTEC: A System for Predictive Thermal and Energy Control in Data Centers PTEC:数据中心预测热与能量控制系统

2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RTSS.2014.27

Jinzhu Chen, R. Tan, G. Xing, Xiaorui Wang

{"title":"PTEC: A System for Predictive Thermal and Energy Control in Data Centers","authors":"Jinzhu Chen, R. Tan, G. Xing, Xiaorui Wang","doi":"10.1109/RTSS.2014.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTSS.2014.27","url":null,"abstract":"Current data centers often adopt conservative and static settings for cooling and air circulation systems, leading to excessive energy consumption. This paper presents the design and evaluation of PTEC -- a system for predictive thermal and energy control in data centers. PTEC leverages the server built-in sensors and monitoring utilities, as well as a wireless sensor network, to monitor both the cyber and physical status of a data center. By predicting the temperature evolution of a data center in real time, PTEC finds the temperature set points, the cold air supply rates, and the speeds of server internal fans to minimize the expected total energy consumption of cooling and circulation systems. Moreover, PTEC enforces the upper bounds on server inlet temperatures and their temporal variations to prevent server overheating and reduce server hardware failure rate. We evaluated PTEC on a hardware test bed consisting of 15 servers and a total of 23 temperature and power sensors, as well as through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations based on real data traces collected from a data center with 229 servers. The experimental results show that PTEC can reduce the cooling and circulation energy consumption by more than 30%, compared with baseline thermal control strategies.","PeriodicalId":353167,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131660045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Exploring the Multitude of Real-Time Multi-GPU Configurations 探索多种实时多gpu配置

2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/RTSS.2014.39

Glenn A. Elliott, James H. Anderson

{"title":"Exploring the Multitude of Real-Time Multi-GPU Configurations","authors":"Glenn A. Elliott, James H. Anderson","doi":"10.1109/RTSS.2014.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTSS.2014.39","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by computational capacity and power efficiency, techniques for integrating graphics processing units (GPUs) into real-time systems have become an active area of research. While much of this work has focused on single-GPU systems, multiple GPUs may be used for further benefits. Similar to CPUs in multiprocessor systems, GPUs in multi-GPU systems may be managed using partitioned, clustered, or global methods, independent of CPU organization. This gives rise to many combinations of CPU/GPU organizational methods that, when combined with additional GPU management options, results in thousands of \"reasonable\" configuration choices. In this paper, we explore real-time schedulability of several categories of configurations for multiprocessor, multi-GPU systems that are possible under GPUSync, a recently proposed highly configurable real-time GPU management framework. Our analysis includes the careful consideration of GPU-related overheads. We show system configuration strongly affects real time schedulability. We also identify which configurations offer the best schedulability in order to guide the implementation of GPU-based real-time systems and future research.","PeriodicalId":353167,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132121169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13