Socijalna Ekologija最新文献

{"title":"Su dr. Janina Prūsaite atsisveikinus","authors":"Petras Bluzma, Algimantas Jakimavičius","doi":"10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I3.2537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I3.2537","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35175,"journal":{"name":"Socijalna Ekologija","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85621365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated assessment of pollution in the Baltic Sea","authors":"G. Garnaga","doi":"10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I3.2531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I3.2531","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic systems are a complex and variable with multiple environmental factors acting. That is why integrated approach is needed for their ecological status assessment. HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan and EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) address hazardous substances and show the need of integrated view of the situation.\u0000 The paper describes the vulnerability of the Baltic Sea ecosystem and contaminants of specific concern like heavy metals, oil hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds, organotin compounds and others. The effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms are reviewed. Integrated assessment of the state of the aquatic environment is discussed and biological-effect methods are shown being important elements in environmental research as they can indicate links between contamination and ecological responses. The paper concludes that integrated monitoring of hazardous substances and their effects are an important step forward to reach one of the future goals – Baltic Sea life undisturbed by hazardous substances.","PeriodicalId":35175,"journal":{"name":"Socijalna Ekologija","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82546183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of invasive muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) and impact on ecosystem","authors":"Gintarė Skyrienė, A. Paulauskas","doi":"10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I3.2532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I3.2532","url":null,"abstract":"The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus L.) after being introduced to Europe quickly colonized new areas. They occupied Northern, Eastern and Central Europe. One of the reasons for their successful invasion into new areas was the release of animals in numerous places and their subsequent successful self-spreading from these places. However, this semi-aquatic rodent negatively impacts the ecosystem (causes damages of watercourse embankment through burrowing, consumes crops). The species possesses a high potential for both environmental and economic impact. Nowadays, following the successful widespread of this species, abundance of its population is reduced in some countries, e. g. Lithuania and Poland. The reasons for that can be ecological factors: availability of food, diseases, parasites and carnivore predators. Moreover, humans cause significant mortality of muskrats. The rodents are extensively trapped for fur, which is of increasing economic value around the world. The paper presents a review of the muskrat introduction history into Europe and whole Eurasia, distribution of the species, the factors important for population abundance increase and reduction, on genetics as well as muskrat invasion impact on non-native ecosystems for this species.","PeriodicalId":35175,"journal":{"name":"Socijalna Ekologija","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80117704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of horn shaving and horn core powder fertilizers on the dynamics of mineral nitrogen in the soil of organic farm","authors":"S. Žibutis, J. Pekarskas, L. Česonienė","doi":"10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I3.2534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I3.2534","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the effect of horn shavings and horn core powder fertilizers, produced from cattle horn waste, on mineral nitrogen and its forms in soil layers of 0–30 and 30–60 cm was carried out in 2008–2010 on the farm of organic production in the Centre of Agroecology at Aleksandras Stulginskis University in Kazliskės village, Kaunas region. Organic winter wheat was grown for this research. Before sowing and in the stage of tillering organic winter wheat was treated with fertilizers of horn shavings and horn core powder, which resolved in the period of autumn–spring and spring–summer. During the period of winter wheat tillering (BBCH 21–23) and at the end of vegetation in the period of complete maturity (BBCH 89) soil layer of 0–30 cm contained an increased amount of nitrogenous compounds. Intensity of degradation was different in different years as it depended on meteorological conditions during the period of winter wheat vegetation. In the event of warm and humid weather more compounds of mineral nitrogen were formed and this increase due to fertilization was essential. Leaching of nitrogen compounds into the deeper layer of 30–60 cm was different in different years and depended on the meteorological conditions during the vegetation period of winter wheat. In the event of higher weather temperature and more humid air during vegetation period of winter wheat horn shavings and horn core powder significantly increased amount of nitrogen compounds in this soil layer. Additional treatment of winter wheat in tillering stage (BBCH 21–23) with different rates of horn shavings increased the amount of mineral nitrogen compounds in soil, though this amount was different in different years. In 2008–2009 strong correlation between horn shavings rates and the amount of nitrate nitrogen in 0–30 cm layer of soil was found, while correlation with the amount of ammonium and mineral nitrogen was found to be very strong. Meanwhile in 2009–2010 no correlation between nitrate nitrogen and fertilizer rates was determined, while correlation with amounts of ammonium and mineral nitrogen was weak. In 2008–2009 in the deeper layer of 30–60 cm correlation between horn shaving rates and nitrate nitrogen was found to be weak, while correlation with amounts of ammonium and mineral nitrogen was found to be moderate. In 2009–2010 correlation between fertilizer rates and forms of mineral nitrogen was found to be weak.","PeriodicalId":35175,"journal":{"name":"Socijalna Ekologija","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89440259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between the butterfly Phengaris rebeli and its larval host plant Gentiana cruciata in Lithuanian population","authors":"Vytautas Oškinis","doi":"10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I3.2533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I3.2533","url":null,"abstract":"Relationship between the endangered herbaceous plant Gentiana cruciata and its specialist herbivore, the endangered butterfly Alcon Blue, Phengaris rebeli, was studied in Lithuanian population which is the northernmost one over the whole known species range in Europe. The size of P. rebeli population was estimated basing on eggshell counts on the larval host plant. Oviposition behaviour of P. rebeli was investigated during summer season of 2011 on a grassland area in Neris Regional Park, Lithuania. Potential host plants were checked and eggshells of P. rebeli were counted. A total of 619 eggshells were counted on 248 out of 536 G. cruciata stems checked. Selective choice of both host plants and site for oviposition on host plant was revealed. Approximately 89% eggs were laid on the organs of the uppermost whorl. Plants selected by females for oviposition almost always had a luxuriant growth and most of them were higher than the surrounding vegetation.","PeriodicalId":35175,"journal":{"name":"Socijalna Ekologija","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80010215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allelopathic impact of some dominants in clean cuttings of Scots pine forest under climate change conditions","authors":"V. Šėžienė, L. Baležentienė, R. Ozolinčius","doi":"10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I2.2523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I2.2523","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to evaluate allelopathic effect of selected plant species (dominants which appear during the first year following clean cuttings of Scots pine (Vacciniosa) forest) on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris  L.) seed germination and seedlings development as well as to reveal whether the effect is dependent on temperature (day / night) regime conditions. Aqueous extracts of Pleurozium schreberi, Vaccinium vitisidaea and Calluna vulgaris were tested. The effect of ground parts and roots was analysed.\u0000 The extracts exerted stronger phytotoxicity on germination of Scots pine seeds at 20 °C/29 °C than at 18/27 °C temperature regime. The inhibitory effect of the plant species and plant parts tested was stronger on radicle growth than on hypocotyls growth both at 18/27 °C and 20 °C/29 °C temperature regime.","PeriodicalId":35175,"journal":{"name":"Socijalna Ekologija","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85866136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of zinc and copper on cultivable populations of soil fungi with special reference to entomopathogenic fungi","authors":"D. Pečiulytė, Vaidilutė Dirginčiutė-Volodkienė","doi":"10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I2.2524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I2.2524","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of copper and zinc on cultivable soil fungi populations was investigated in a laboratory experiment. Samples of four different soils (arable sandy soil and loam clay; forest sandy soil and forest peat) were collected from sites located in Vilnius district, Lithuania. Metals’ effect was elaborated by addition of metal salts (CuSO4 and ZnSO4) at appropriate concentrations into the growth medium (Czapek's agar) and evaluating cultivable fungi abundance and species diversity changes. Zinc or copper salt was added to the medium after its sterilization; zinc concentration varied from 0.05 to 0.20 M (by 0.05 M concentration range) and copper concentration – from 0.5 to 3.0 mM (by 0.15 mM concentration range). At elevated metal salt concentrations, the abundance of cultivable fungi decreased with a marked elimination of some fungi species as compared with a control medium (without metal addition) fungi cultures. Irrespective of a fungi community structure in different type soils, Cu was a stronger inhibitor of soil fungi population abundance than Zn, however, both metals showed a comparable effect on the fungi species diversity. The most resistant fungi belonged to common insect pathogens (Beuveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii and Isaria spp.), which dominated comprising up to 90% of all recovered from the soils isolates, due to the metal salt concentration.","PeriodicalId":35175,"journal":{"name":"Socijalna Ekologija","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83918011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of heavy metal contamination and spatial distribution in surface and subsurface sediment layers in the northern part of Lake Babrukas","authors":"M. Raulinaitis, G. Ignatavicius, S. Sinkevičius, Vytautas Oškinis","doi":"10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I1.2348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I1.2348","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely accepted that heavy metal contamination in sediment, soil, and groundwater is one of the largest threats to environmental and human health. Sediments are the principle sinks for heavy metals in aquatic environments and can result in a secondary contamination source affecting the ecosystem. Analysis of heavy metal amounts in sediments and comparison with reference levels is a reliable indicator of ecosystem health, however understanding the distribution of pollutants is among most essential information for environmental research and critical for environmental management and decision-making. 64 samples were collected from surface (0–0.6 m) and subsurface (0.6–1.2 m) layers of sediments in the northern part (bay) of Lake Babrukas, which had undergone pollution by municipal wastewater in 1964–2002. The level of pollution attributed to heavy metals was evaluated using X-Ray fluorescence analysis and comparison with several reference levels (maximum allowable concentrations in soil, background concentrations in Lithuanian soils and background concentrations in Lithuanian lake sediments) in order to determine anthropogenically derived sediment contamination of bottom sediments. Spatial distribution patterns of metals in sediments were demonstrated by employing ordinary kriging interpolation. Results of heavy metal pollution analysis reveal a significant anthropogenic impact on the northern part of Lake Babrukas with concentrations of several heavy metals in both surface and subsurface layers of sediments exceeding not only background concentrations in Lithuanian soils and lake sediments, but even maximum concentrations allowable by Lithuanian legislation. Detected levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb), mercury (Hg) and tin (Sn) demonstrate a significant pollution anomaly and high potential threat to the water ecosystem and even human health by exceeding maximum allowable concentration up to 10.6 times, while detected levels of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) show the effects of anthropogenic activity on the lake by exceeding background concentrations in Lithuanian soils and lake sediments up to 7.25 times. A comparison of heavy metal amounts and spatial distribution patterns in the two layers of sediments reveals much higher pollution levels in the subsurface (0.6–1.2 m) than surface (0–0.6 m) level by most metals, namely As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Sb and Sn, while Zn was the only metal with higher concentrations in the surface level. Spatial distribution analysis demonstrates irregular distribution of most metals due to complexity of influencing physical and chemical processes, but the general trend of high concentration anomalies stretching through the south-eastern and north-eastern parts of the bay towards its northern point is explained by former discharges of wastewater into the littoral zone of the eastern shoreline and water currents towards excess water overflow into Lake Lovka (Olauka), interconnected wit","PeriodicalId":35175,"journal":{"name":"Socijalna Ekologija","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89098497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protozoan parasites from genus Sarcocystis and their investigations in Lithuania","authors":"P. Prakas, D. Butkauskas","doi":"10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I1.2349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I1.2349","url":null,"abstract":"The representatives of the genus Sarcocystis are cyst forming coccidian protozoa parasites broadly prevalent in mammals, birds and reptiles. Sarcocystis parasites are characterized by an obligatory prey-predator two-host life cycle. Currently, over 220 Sarcocystis species are known. Some of Sarcocystis species are pathogenic organisms dangerous to humans, domestic and wild animals. A harmful effect of Sarcocystis mainly occurs in intermediate hosts and depends on the species of parasite, infection intensity and localization in the body. In Lithuania, Sarcocystis species forming sarcocysts in rodents, even-toed ungulates and birds were mainly studied. The ecology and diversity of Sarcocystis parasites were investigated using traditional morphological, DNA analysis methods and transmission experiments. Lithuanian scientists have described and named five Sarcocystis species, i. e. S. rodentifelis, S. wobeseri, S. cornixi, S. anasi, S. albifronsi; for the first time proved Sarcocystis rileyi infection in Europe; established definitive hosts of some Sarcocystis species.","PeriodicalId":35175,"journal":{"name":"Socijalna Ekologija","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87804742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat seedling Triticum aestivum L. organs after high-temperature treatment","authors":"Marina Savicka, N. Škute","doi":"10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I1.2346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/EKOLOGIJA.V58I1.2346","url":null,"abstract":"Plants as sessile organisms are exposed to persistently changing stress factors. Heat stress adversely affects plant growth and development and induces oxidative stress in plants. To understand the effect of high-temperature stress on plant growth and development, it is necessary to study the physiology and morphology of whole plants and their organs. The oxidative stress level was assessed by increased production of lipid peroxidation (LP) products, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD), and cellular membrane permeability, as evaluated by electrolyte leakage (EL) in different wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Harmonija) organs after 24-hour high-temperature (42 °C) treatment. Measurements of relative water content (RWC) in leaf tissues were used to assess water deficits in plants. High-temperature treatment had no effects on RWC in the root, but reduced RWC in the coleoptile at all investigated stages of seedling development and in the first leaf (p ≤ 0.01) at the late stages of development. A 24-h high-temperature exposure completely inhibited the growth of the first leaf and root (p ≤ 0.001). LP significantly increased in the coleoptiles of wheat seedlings due to high temperature, but in contrast LP in the root was similar to control at all investigated stages of development. A significant increase of LP products (p ≤ 0.01) was observed in the first leaf at the late stages of wheat seedling development. Such elevated level of LP led to increase of cellular membrane permeability. 24-h high temperature results in the desiccation of the first leaf and coleoptile. Obviously the root of wheat seedlings is less sensitive to heat stress than the first leaf and coleoptiles. The study revealed that specific effects of high temperature on the root result in increase of electrolyte leakage, but high temperature hardly affects lipid peroxidation processes.","PeriodicalId":35175,"journal":{"name":"Socijalna Ekologija","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85623057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}