Representation最新文献

{"title":"Sulfur enhances cadmium bioaccumulation in Cichorium intybus by altering soil properties, heavy metal availability and microbial community in contaminated alkaline soil.","authors":"Haitao Liu, Lan Luo, Guiying Jiang, Gezi Li, Changwei Zhu, Weiwei Meng, Jingjing Zhang, Qiujuan Jiao, Pengqiang Du, Xuanzhen Li, Shah Fahad, Xiaolei Jie, Shiliang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) contamination seriously threatens the soil health and food safety. Combination of amendment and accumulator plant is a green and effective technique to improve phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated alkaline soil. In this study, a potting experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sulfur on Cd phytoextraction by Cichorium intybus (chicory). Soil chemical and microbial properties were determined to reveal the mechanism of sulfur-assisting Cd phytoremediation by chicory. Soil pH decreased from 7.77 to the lowest 7.30 with sulfur addition (0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 g kg^-1, LS, MS and HS treatment); Electric conductivity, sulfate anion and available cadmium concentration increased gradually with increasing sulfur doses. Cd concentration of shoot and root significantly increased from 1.47 to 4.43 mg kg^-1, 6.15 to 20.16 mg kg^-1 by sulfur treatment relative to CK, which were attributed to increased available Cd concentration induced by decreased pH. Sulfur treatments significantly increased the Cd bioconcentration factor by 64.1%, 118.6%, 201.0% for shoot, 76.3%, 145.6% and 227.7% for root under LS, MS and HS relative to CK treatment, respectively (P < 0.05). However, only MS treatment significantly improved the Cd removal efficiency by 82.9% in comparison of CK treatment (P < 0.05). Microbial community diversity measured by 16SrRNA showed that Thiobacillus and Actinobacteria were the key and dominant strains of soil microbial communities after sulfur addition, which played a pivotal role in the process of sulfur oxidation involved in decrease of soil pH and the transformation of Cd forms. Correlation analysis and path analysis by structural equation model indicated that soil sulfate anion and Thiobacillus directly affected Cd removal efficiency by chicory in Cd-contaminated alkaline soil. This suggests that combination of sulfur and chicory may provide a way to promote Cd bioaccumulation for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated alkaline soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":35158,"journal":{"name":"Representation","volume":"47 1","pages":"155879"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80895688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding a Key Electoral Tool: A New Dataset on the Global Distribution of Voter Identification Laws","authors":"Tom Barton","doi":"10.1080/00344893.2022.2113117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2022.2113117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35158,"journal":{"name":"Representation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46247520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why do Parties Select Non-Partisan Ministers? The Paradox of Ministerial Selection in Austria","authors":"L. Helms","doi":"10.1080/00344893.2022.2111598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2022.2111598","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article seeks to contribute to the bourgeoning debate about technocratic, non-political and non-partisan ministers in party government regimes. At the centre of this study is the identification and analysis of a major paradox – a sizeable number and share of non-partisan ministers operating at the core of an otherwise exceptionally party-centered regime, the Second Austrian Republic, which has widely been considered to mark the epitome of the party state in Europe. The discussion of this phenomenon highlights the importance of particular strategic considerations among political decision-makers that have been largely ignored in the extant literature on ministerial selection and de-selection. We argue that in contexts marked by advanced levels of anti-party sentiment, non-partisan ministers can bring major benefit to the government in terms of legitimacy, popularity and support, and at a rather low cost or risk. As they tend to have few if any party resources of their own, non-partisan ministers can be easily removed whenever deemed politically expedient.","PeriodicalId":35158,"journal":{"name":"Representation","volume":"59 1","pages":"513 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48177800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an Affective Turn in Theories of Representation: The Case of Indignation","authors":"Louise Knops","doi":"10.1080/00344893.2022.2091011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2022.2091011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite a political context marked by affective explicitness and an ongoing affective turn in social sciences, representation theory rarely takes affects and emotions into account. In this article, I respond to this gap by focusing on indignation, as a key affect of the crisis of representation. Building on recent constructivist theories of representation and affect theory, I unpack three affective dynamics of indignation which play a constitutive role in representation: affective imitation, affective transformation and the creation of affective publics. I conclude by raising normative questions on the role of indignation, and affect at large, in theories and practices of representation.","PeriodicalId":35158,"journal":{"name":"Representation","volume":"59 1","pages":"271 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47042689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quota Effects Moderated by Descriptive Gender Representation Within Legislatures: A Cross-national Analysis","authors":"Sanghee Park","doi":"10.1080/00344893.2022.2096683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2022.2096683","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study revisits the links between gender quotas and gender egalitarian outcomes by focusing on the role of gender representative legislatures. Specifically, it investigates whether gender quotas have a substantive and symbolic effect on societal outcomes, and whether the link is moderated by women’s descriptive representation changing over time. This study sheds empirical light on both outputs (or process) and outcomes (or impact) of a quota policy and offers insight into pathways by which increased women’s representation within legislatures reinforces or weakens the effect of the quota policies. The panel data analysis drawn from 169 countries over the recent three decades (1990-2017) reveals a significant interactive effect of quotas and women’s representation in legislatures, suggesting that quotas’ societal impact increases as women’s representation increases, but with diminishing returns to a certain point. The findings corroborate the 30% level to which gender quotas as a policy tool significantly impact women’s political empowerment and raise questions on the validity of the critical mass argument in the political setting.","PeriodicalId":35158,"journal":{"name":"Representation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46109994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembly Size and Electoral Distortion in an SMP System","authors":"M. Bodet, Alexandre Rivard, Véronique Boucher-Lafleur, Catherine Lanouette","doi":"10.1080/00344893.2022.2091013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2022.2091013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35158,"journal":{"name":"Representation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47480990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Sense of Citizens’ Sense of Being Represented. A Novel Conceptualisation and Measure of Feeling Represented","authors":"August De Mulder","doi":"10.1080/00344893.2022.2095662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2022.2095662","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although many studies point to the decaying relationship between citizens and their representatives, a proper conceptualisation and empirical measure of citizens’ feeling of being represented is still missing from the literature. This study, first, offers a multidimensional conceptualisation of feeling represented, focused on feelings of being substantively represented. Specifically, a distinction is made between the representative behaviour that people might perceive (whether representatives listen, know, act or succeed) and between the representative actors performing this behaviour or not (some or most representatives). Second, a measure that takes into account these different aspects of feeling represented is developed and tested on two samples of Belgian citizens. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlations with citizens’ vote intention and other indicators of political discontent demonstrate the validity of the novel measure. Also, the results point to the added value of the measure: not only may the different aspects of feeling represented be measured independently, they also lead to more nuanced insights into the current ‘crisis of representation’ than the currently available measures do.","PeriodicalId":35158,"journal":{"name":"Representation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45193252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: Quotas, Parties and Electoral Design – Mechanisms and Effects of Ethnic Representation in Diverse Societies","authors":"Netina Tan","doi":"10.1080/00344893.2022.2026813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2022.2026813","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article introduces the special issue and places the eight contributions in context. It offers a discussion of the key terms and highlights the contributions of the articles for forging new research agendas on ethnic inclusion and political representation. Drawing from cases from the Asia Pacific, Americas and Europe, this special collection of papers investigates the effects and practices of electoral designs on the descriptive and substantive effects of ethnic minority representation based on both qualitative and quantitative methods. Together, the findings seek to engender debate and advance contemporary scholarship on comparative democratisation, electoral and party politics and conflict resolution studies on indigenous and ethnic minority representation.","PeriodicalId":35158,"journal":{"name":"Representation","volume":"58 1","pages":"339 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46063687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflicts of Legitimacies in Representative Institutions: The Case of the French Citizen Convention for Climate","authors":"Eric Buge, P. Vandamme","doi":"10.1080/00344893.2022.2094453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2022.2094453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Conceived as an alternative form of democratic representation, the random selection of citizens for a political task comes in tension with the logic of electoral representation. The idea, carried by random selection, that anyone can be a good enough representative challenges the assumption that we need to choose the most competent among ourselves. And the fact that citizens’ assemblies are sometimes tasked to draft legislation may undermine the authority of elected representatives. This article tests this hypothesis of tension between competing forms of representation on a recent case: the French Citizen Convention for Climate (CCC) in 2020. Drawing on parliamentary hearings and questions as well as public political reactions to the CCC, we find indications that elected representatives may feel threatened in their legitimacy even when most randomly selected citizens do not see themselves as representatives. This may be due to the fact that the CCC was seen by some as stepping on the prerogatives of the Parliament. This suggests that future experiments of the sort could benefit from a clearer functional division between the two forms of representation.","PeriodicalId":35158,"journal":{"name":"Representation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48598027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fighting for a Lost Cause? Availability of Populist Radical Right Voters for Established Parties. The Case of Germany","authors":"M. Lewandowsky, Aiko Wagner","doi":"10.1080/00344893.2022.2091012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2022.2091012","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the availability of populist radical right voters for mainstream parties. Are there segments within the electorate of PRRPs that can be regained by (specific) established non-populist parties? Focusing on the German context, the paper analyzes the availability of AfD voters on the electoral market. We demonstrate that relatively low availability can be traced back to the voters' distance in issue positions, the strength of populist attitudes and the interplay of distance and populist attitudes. Strong populist attitudes decrease the role of issue proximity for the likelihood of winning (back) AfD voters. Accordingly, simple repositioning towards stricter immigration laws is not a substantively profitable strategy. Our results indicate that an AfD voter's willingness to vote for an established party varies across parties. Generally, the German populist radical right voter's availability for the mainstream parties are rather low, and we shall thus discuss the strategic implication of our findings.","PeriodicalId":35158,"journal":{"name":"Representation","volume":"59 1","pages":"485 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44574065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}