Strategic SurveyPub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/04597230.2019.1677002
{"title":"Russia and Eurasia","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/04597230.2019.1677002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04597230.2019.1677002","url":null,"abstract":"AZERBAIJAN KAZAKHSTAN RUSSIA UKRAINE 1998 2008 2018 1998 2008 2018 1998 2008 2018 1998 2008 2018 P op ul at io n in m ill io ns . In Russia, President Vladimir Putin has taken further steps to insulate the country from external pressure, including the establishment of a ‘sovereign internet’. Protests increased in the context of economic stagnation and a decline in Putin’s approval rating; the challenge was primarily to Putin’s authority, rather than his hold on power. . Ukrainian politics continued to surprise, with the election by a huge margin of a political novice, the actor Volodymyr Zelensky, as president in April 2019. His election underscored the continuing hunger in Ukrainian society for a change from the oligarchic system of politics, although effecting such change is a formidable task. . While the conflict in Donbas remained in stalemate, Russia and Ukraine clashed in the Sea of Azov as Russia opened a bridge over the Kerch Strait and sought to turn Azov, where Ukraine had opened a naval base, into a Russian lake. Russia seeks to use the conflict to destabilise Ukraine and frustrate Ukrainian efforts to achieve political and economic consolidation, or westernisation. . In Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev brought his 30-year presidency to an end, handing the post to the speaker of the Senate. The transition occurred peacefully, although Nazarbayev retains extensive powers and the full test of any transition may not come until he dies. 232 | Russia and Eurasia","PeriodicalId":35152,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Survey","volume":"119 1","pages":"232 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04597230.2019.1677002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41382545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strategic SurveyPub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/04597230.2019.1677003
Marie Tedesco Scott, Bryan Yasinsac, P. D. Duca, E. Doherty, Pat English, David Fenton, Florian, S. Jörg, L. Melchionna, Bahareh Mobkie, Stéphane De Navacelle, Anders Etgen Reitz, R. Thomasc, Reynolds, D. Winterfeldt
{"title":"Europe","authors":"Marie Tedesco Scott, Bryan Yasinsac, P. D. Duca, E. Doherty, Pat English, David Fenton, Florian, S. Jörg, L. Melchionna, Bahareh Mobkie, Stéphane De Navacelle, Anders Etgen Reitz, R. Thomasc, Reynolds, D. Winterfeldt","doi":"10.1080/04597230.2019.1677003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04597230.2019.1677003","url":null,"abstract":". German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s last term is coming to a conclusion, but her nominated successor as leader of the CDU has performed in a lacklustre fashion and her party is struggling to hold off the challenge from far-right and liberal parties. Despite slowing economic growth, there is little sign that Merkel is prepared to countenance a more expansionary fiscal policy. . In France, President Emmanuel Macron’s plans for radical transformation were challenged by mass protests. Escalating violence prompted the authorities to step back from confrontation and reverse planned reforms, casting doubt on the future trajectory. Still, Macron remains a driving force within Europe and a standard-bearer for those seeking to stem the rise of nativist politics. . The UK missed a deadline to leave the EU, as parties in Parliament failed to form a majority over the terms of departure and the model for a new partnership. The imperatives to avoid a hard border in Ireland and to pursue an independent trade policy seemed impossible to reconcile. Brexit, which had barely registered among voters’ main concerns prior to 2015, may become the new dividing line in UK politics. . EU–US relations turned more tense as European states sought to preserve the Iran nuclear deal while the US used its economic leverage to force European companies to uphold a trade and financial embargo. European states have also failed to take action sufficient to silence the complaints of the US administration that the US bears a disproportionate share of NATO’s spending burden. . European tensions with Turkey moderated somewhat, despite Turkey’s authoritarian turn of recent years, with the two sides cooperating on migration despite the failure to advance relations in other areas including EU accession talks, trade relations and visas. Relations with Russia were little changed: the EU upheld sanctions despite a desire on the part of southern states to revisit the issue.","PeriodicalId":35152,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Survey","volume":"119 1","pages":"280 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04597230.2019.1677003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42030717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strategic SurveyPub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/04597230.2019.1677001
Vibhuti Mendiratta
{"title":"Middle East and North Africa","authors":"Vibhuti Mendiratta","doi":"10.1080/04597230.2019.1677001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04597230.2019.1677001","url":null,"abstract":"The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is an expansive geographical region that extends from Morocco in the West to Iran in the East. The region is historically, economically, and socially diverse. Arabic is the most widely spoken language with several subregional dialects. As a whole, the region is resource rich, with several economies primarily based on the exportation of natural resources, oil and gas in particular. A history of colonialism and imperialism has contributed to persisting socioeconomic challenges. Large populations of young, educated citizens are common to many countries in the region, providing a key asset to increasingly digital economies. For the past decade, MENA has been broadly associated with civil unrest. Political and social change has been unpredictable, and, in many places, tensions persist. As in much of the world, the region has also had to grapple with technological change, which has created opportunities for both governments and citizens. Data has been at the forefront of many discussions related to these issues, including the potential for open data to address socioeconomic challenges. 034","PeriodicalId":35152,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Survey","volume":"119 1","pages":"182 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/04597230.2019.1677001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59502824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strategic SurveyPub Date : 2018-10-04DOI: 10.1163/9789004282643_002
A. Mehler, H. Melber, K. Walraven
{"title":"Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"A. Mehler, H. Melber, K. Walraven","doi":"10.1163/9789004282643_002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004282643_002","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-Saharan Africa's overall GDP growth for 2008 was estimated at 5.9%, pulled down by the lower rates for oil importing countries (4.8%). The spring meetings of the World Bank and IMF saw a proposal by Western shareholders to increase African voting rights. African countries, however, were unimpressed and demanded parity. West Africa was the scene of a series of coups and coup attempts, while terrorist and counter-terrorist activities were concentrated in the Horn sub-region and the Sahara. Pirate activities increased along the shores of Somalia, but also in the Gulf of Guinea. Droughts and floods as natural or often man-made phenomena remained among the main contributing factors to hunger and displacement. HIV/AIDS continued to be among the main causes of death. According to the 2008 report by UNAIDS, 67% of all people with HIV lived in sub-Saharan Africa, which accounted for 72% of all AIDS deaths. Keywords:AIDS; Gulf of Guinea; Somalia; Sub-Saharan Africa","PeriodicalId":35152,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Survey","volume":"120 1","pages":"309 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42895814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strategic SurveyPub Date : 2018-07-16DOI: 10.4324/9781315626796-44
A. Piveteau, Eric Rougier
{"title":"Middle East and North Africa","authors":"A. Piveteau, Eric Rougier","doi":"10.4324/9781315626796-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315626796-44","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35152,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Survey","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70653781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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