{"title":"The application of citizen science to an undergraduate research project on canine cognition","authors":"Dezirae Leger","doi":"10.32396/usurj.v8i1.542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32396/usurj.v8i1.542","url":null,"abstract":"Animal research provides meaningful insight into animals' skills and abilities, further enhancing our care for and understanding of them. However, performing authentic animal research in an undergraduate class is difficult because of cost and limited resources. One solution to this challenge is citizen science. Citizen science is a form of research conducted by members of the public who perform experiments and gather information for researchers, allowing for wide-scale data collection with minimal cost associations. Thus, an experiment using the citizen science approach was performed in Animal Bioscience 360 at the University of Saskatchewan to determine if there were cognitive differences in groups of dogs. Teams of two students performed cognition tests on their own dogs and tested four aspects of cognitive ability: memory, object permanence, perspective-taking, and response to human cues. Together, the class tested 42 dogs and uploaded the experimental data to Excel. Students developed hypotheses to test whether dogs differing in age, gender, breed, obedience training, or household status had different cognitive profiles. There were no significant differences in cognition except that dogs living in single-dog households yawned significantly more often in response to human yawning than multi-dog households (P ≤ 0.05). The citizen science approach provided 61 students with an authentic research experience and improved their writing and numeracy skills. Undergraduate research experience assists in practical skill development, improved academic performance, and degree completion. Citizen science enhances participants' knowledge of the research area and provides a level of transparency toward scientific research.","PeriodicalId":351398,"journal":{"name":"USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115993784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial Board and Acknowledgements","authors":"Jordan Wellsch, Kandice M. Parker","doi":"10.32396/usurj.v8i1.648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32396/usurj.v8i1.648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351398,"journal":{"name":"USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128994102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Not Racist, but...","authors":"Jordan Derkson","doi":"10.32396/usurj.v8i1.576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32396/usurj.v8i1.576","url":null,"abstract":"The following is a mixed methods case study of ID Canada, an outspoken anti-diversity, white nationalist, grassroots Canadian “Identitarian” group. It aims to answer the question “What strategies do groups with views outside of mainstream acceptability use to appeal to the public?” To this end, I performed a thematic analysis on their published web content and attempted to integrate these insights with the group’s history and relevant sociological theory. I extracted four main themes, representing the presence of “White Supremacist Beliefs”, the cultural “Struggle for History”, an insistence on “Victimhood”, and various direct attempts at “Distancing from White Supremacy”. I explore the connections between these strategies and fascism as described by Umberto Eco (1995), as well as the performative nature of ID Canada, and its place within different conceptions of the public sphere.","PeriodicalId":351398,"journal":{"name":"USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129015071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pedal Past the Pumps","authors":"L. Conly","doi":"10.32396/usurj.v8i1.548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32396/usurj.v8i1.548","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the substitution effects between commuter bicycling and the price of gasoline. A multiple regression analysis is conducted to determine the elasticity of demand for bicycles from gasoline as well as other relevant variables, availability of bike sharing, population density, bike paths, median income, days below zero degrees Celsius, precipitation, and the CPI for recreational vehicles (including bicycles) and public transportation. The analysis is conducted using both pooled average and random effects regression models. The modelling showed that there is indeed a substitution effect on the demand for commuter cycling due to the price of gasoline. The study also shows asymmetrical results for male and female cyclists, showing that male and female cycling habits are influenced by different variables. This analysis suggests that policy makers can influence rates of cycling by manipulating the cost of its alternatives as well as the opportunity costs of cycling itself. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":351398,"journal":{"name":"USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"416 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124181886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Do Christina Rossetti and Emily Ratajkowski Have in Common?: Gendered Power Dynamics in the Relationship Between the Female Model and the Male Artist","authors":"Nakita Funk","doi":"10.32396/usurj.v7i2.605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32396/usurj.v7i2.605","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000In her work, the Victorian poet Christina Rossetti explored women’s issues such as the objectification of women and the unequal standards that women were held to. One such issue, demonstrated in “In an Artist’s Studio,” was the controlling and manipulative relationship between the male artist and the voiceless women they immortalize in poetry and visual art. In the twenty-first century, the relationship between female muse and male artist remains complicated and often victimizing, as outlined by Emily Ratajkowski’s essay on her experiences as a supermodel. Common themes between Rossetti’s poetry and Ratajkowski’s essay demonstrate that male artists historically and currently require female models to conform to standards that are male-defined and unattainable, forcing the model to disassociate her body from her identity to perform her job. However, female artists and models redefining beauty standards and reuniting their identities with their bodies suggest that the future of modelling will give the model control over her own image. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":351398,"journal":{"name":"USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115970618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mental Health in Uganda and Canada: A Descriptive Case Study of the Issue and Recommendations for Improved Mental Health","authors":"Cayley Mackie, L. Bradford, Eric Enanga","doi":"10.32396/usurj.v7i2.549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32396/usurj.v7i2.549","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health is a crucial part of overall wellbeing. Canada’s mental health system has progressed over the last decade but still has room for improvement. In comparison, developing countries, such as Uganda, have not shown the same progression with their mental health systems. The embedded experience, together with expert consultations in the field, was conducted over several months at a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) specialized hospital, the Joint Clinical Research Center (JCRC) in Kampala, Uganda on the topic of mental health systems. The observations and consultations were thematically analyzed into four main themes: cultural attitudes towards mental illness, the interconnectedness of childhood HIV and mental health, a gap in education for mental health professionals to become certified, and barriers to addressment of mental health issues at the JCRC. The main barriers for Ugandans seeking professional treatment were also identified, which included the accessibility and availability of professional treatment. Local solutions are outlined, as well as recommendations for improvements and future research.","PeriodicalId":351398,"journal":{"name":"USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129958742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The North Star of Hype: How Detroit Charts a Course in a Neoliberal Framework","authors":"Crystal Montoya","doi":"10.32396/usurj.v7i2.480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32396/usurj.v7i2.480","url":null,"abstract":"The city of Detroit is associated with the creation of and rise of industrialism in North America. Industrialism, specifically Fordism, within the municipality of Detroit maintained financial strength for decades until the mid-1980s when a new global capitalist era emerged in the Global North. Currently, the city of Detroit is in the process of rebuilding. In the academic literature on development, there is an apparent gap that explores how current ideologies shape development in social spaces. In this review, the ideological influences of sustainable development and neoliberalism are explored through analysis of the social, historical, political, and economic lenses that contribute to and shape development within the city of Detroit. Moreover, the ideological influences are analyzed to understand how explicit discourse for sustainable development either forms or breaks implicit systems of social control. The paper concludes by acknowledging that progressive notions of equality and growth are difficult to actualize due to the inequitable allocation of capital under our system of global capitalism. The paper closes with an exploration of the implicit and symbolic biases that appears inherent in development ideologies to contribute to a genuine and possible path to an equitable and sustainable future for places such as Detroit. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":351398,"journal":{"name":"USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131660347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inferno XV: Dante Encounters Ser Brunetto Latini","authors":"Jasmine Redford","doi":"10.32396/usurj.v7i2.626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32396/usurj.v7i2.626","url":null,"abstract":"Medium: Inkwash and coffee","PeriodicalId":351398,"journal":{"name":"USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126352354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Academic Sin: The Use of Ser Brunetto Lantini in The Divine Comedy","authors":"Jasmine Redford","doi":"10.32396/usurj.v7i2.526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32396/usurj.v7i2.526","url":null,"abstract":"On his journey through The Inferno, Dante Alighieri is shocked to encounter his beloved former teacher, Ser Brunetto Latini, in the third ring of the seventh circle of Hell where Latini is eternally tormented with other men of his ilk—academics, poets, and learned men of rhetoric—are punished as sodomites. The question then, is why has Latini been placed there and what can be inferred about Dante’s understanding of the nature of medieval sodomy as academic blasphemy? The findings presented here indicate that one of the most offensive readings of sodomy is an unsexual one. Sins of fleshy sensuality are presented blatantly in both the Inferno and Purgatory, but I argue that Dante places Brunetto among the eternally damned not only to privilege the rhetoric of humility but to serve as a cautionary tale on how our teachers fail us. Dante’s disassociation with Latini’s need for cerebral acclaim forms the foundational pad for which Dante cautions himself against the ultimate heresy of pride, while Latini continually presses the immodest approach for both himself and his pupil. Intellectual sodomy is a crime that is valued higher in Dante’s penal hierarchy than any sexual sin is, with less chance for redemption, as is shown with the direct bridging of desexualized sodomy in Inferno 15 with the explicitly sexualized sodomy of Purgatory 27. The fact that Inferno XV does not contain obvious allegory or simply stated sins renders it one of the most enigmatic cantos. The position that Brunetto’s sin is hubristic supports Dante’s conflicted relationship with his own pride—the sin on which Dante dedicates his journey.","PeriodicalId":351398,"journal":{"name":"USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121373370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}