{"title":"Does Vietnamese have evidence for OC *-r?","authors":"Mark J. Alves","doi":"10.1163/19606028-04602003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-04602003","url":null,"abstract":"Specialists in Chinese historical phonology have claimed that some Vietnamese words with final /-j/ come from Old Chinese words with final *-r. This is reasonable to speculate as Proto-Austroasiatic finals *-r and *-l became final /-j/ in Vietnamese, parallel to the case in Sinitic. However, these Vietnamese words offer little evidence for OC *-r. Vietnamese did borrow a number of Late Old Chinese or Early Middle Chinese words reconstructed with final *-r after *-r merged with *-n in Eastern Han or later, and thus these words also have /-n/ in Vietnamese. Several other Vietnamese words with final /-j/ which are possibly from Old Chinese words having *-r were borrowed earlier in the BCE period, likely before large migrations of Sinitic speakers arrived. Those words include verbs and an adjective, words less likely than nouns to be borrowed without large bilingual communities. The small number of words and general uncertainty suggests some Vietnamese words with /-j/ purportedly from Old Chinese words with *-r may be chance similarities. Few are probable Chinese loanwords from that period.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"46 1","pages":"151-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19606028-04602003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64471308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phonetic and phonological properties of tones in Shanghai Chinese","authors":"Jiayin Gao, P. Hallé","doi":"10.1163/19606028-04601001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-04601001","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the relations between tone, voicing, and voice quality in modern Shanghai Chinese. In low tone syllables, word-initial obstruent onsets are traditionally described as voiceless and breathy, and sonorant onsets as voiced and breathy.Our study is based on acoustic and electroglottographic (EGG) data from speakers of two age groups (20–30 vs. 60–80 years). Our results are globally in line with previous studies, but with notable differences. In low tone syllables, while word-initial stops are phonetically voiceless most of the time, fricatives are quite often phonetically voiced. While low tone obstruent onsets are followed by breathier vowels than high tone onsets, this pattern is not clear-cut for nasal onsets. Furthermore, our transversal data show that low tone breathiness is more systematically produced by elderly – especially male – speakers, rather than young speakers, suggesting an on-going change towards the loss of breathiness.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19606028-04601001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64471604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relativization strategies and alignment in Thulung Rai","authors":"Aimée Lahaussois","doi":"10.1163/19606028-04601003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-04601003","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the relativization strategies found in Thulung Rai (Eastern Nepal, Tibeto-Burman, Kiranti subgroup). The strategies make use of three morphemes: a finite nominalizer -m (along with allomorph -mim), and two participial markers, -pa and -ma, and have different distributions in terms of the arguments they can relativize upon. Of particular interest is the question of the distribution of strategies available for relativization on subjects, and how these correlate with case marking and the person-based split ergative system found in Thulung.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"46 1","pages":"73-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19606028-04601003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64471151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Historical reanalysis in the Nakijin dialect noun accentuation system","authors":"Wayne Lawrence","doi":"10.1163/19606028-00451P01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00451P01","url":null,"abstract":"Whereas almost all Ryukyuan dialects with tonal contrasts are word-tone languages, the Nakijin dialect of Northern Okinawa is an accentual language, and this accent, in addition to being pronounced with a high tone in certain environments, interacts with a vowel lengthening process. Through comparison of the Okinawan dialect of Nakijin with the Amami dialect of Asama (Tokunoshima Island), which also has a productive vowel lengthening process, this paper reconstructs the prosodic system (pitch and vowel length) for underived nouns in Proto-Northern Ryukyuan, and shows how the accent developed in the Nakijin dialect. Alors que la plupart des dialectes ryukyu possedant des distinctions tonales sont des langues a tons lexicaux, le dialecte de Nakijin du nord d’Okinawa est une langue a accent, et cet accent, en plus d’etre prononce sous la forme d’un ton haut dans certains environnements, interagit avec un processus d’allongement vocalique. Par la comparaison du dialecte okinawaien de Nakijin et du dialecte amami d’Asama (ile de Tokunoshima), qui a lui aussi un processus productif d’allongement vocalique, cet article reconstruit le systeme prosodique (melodie et longueur vocalique) des noms non derives en proto-ryukyu du Nord et expose la maniere dont l’accent s’est developpe dans le dialecte de Nakijin.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19606028-00451P01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64470574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The morphosyntax of experience predicates in Tocharian","authors":"Carlotta Viti","doi":"10.1163/19606028-00451P02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00451P02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the morphosyntactic strategies used in Tocharian to encode argument functions in simple clauses, with focus on experience predicates. This may be relevant to fill a lacuna in the literature on experience predicates, which have not been investigated in Tocharian. We shall see that experience predicates in Tocharian typically require a nominative experiencer, rather than an oblique experiencer, and that the low transitivity of the predicate is expressed by the middle voice. All this may also be of more general relevance to illustrate the interaction between case marking and verbal voice to express argument functions in languages. Cet article analyse les strategies morphosyntaxiques employees en tokharien pour codifier les predicats dits d’« experience », par le biais de paralleles issus d’autres langues indo-europeennes. Cela peut etre important pour remplir un vide dans la litterature concernant ce type de verbes, qui jusqu’ici n’ont pas ete analyses par rapport au tokharien. On montrera que ces predicats demandent le cas nominatif pour le sujet qui realise l’experience, au lieu d’un cas oblique, et que la faible transitivite de ces predicats est exprimee par la diathese moyenne. De maniere plus generale, tout cela pourra aussi mettre en lumiere l’interaction entre les cas de la declinaison et la diathese verbale dans l’expression de fonctions argumentales dans les langues.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"45 1","pages":"26-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19606028-00451P02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64470823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstructing the development of the aspect marker te ‘to acquire’ in Southwestern Yuè: a missing link between Yuè and Hakka","authors":"Bit-Chee Kwok","doi":"10.1163/19606028-00451P03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00451P03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a synchronic description and reconstructs the developmental pathway of the aspect marker te in four Southwestern Yue dialects of Chinese, located in far western Guǎngdōng. Synchronically, te functions as a perfective aspect marker and a perfect aspect marker (similar to Mandarin Chinese le but different from Cantonese zo). Diachronically, te is believed to have been transferred from the neighboring Hakka dialects through substratum influence. We argue that te is grammaticalized from the verb de 得 ‘to acquire,’ of the Hakka dialects. This study reveals that the aspectual use of te is an essential part of a missing link between Yue and Hakka. Cet article offre des descriptions synchroniques et reconstruit la voie de developpement du marqueur aspectuel te dans quatre dialectes chinois de Yue du sud-ouest, qui se trouvent a l’extreme-ouest de la province de Guǎngdōng. Synchroniquement, te fonctionne a la fois comme un marquer aspectuel du perfectif et du parfait (comparable a le en chinois mandarin mais different du zo en cantonais). Diachroniquement, nous pensons que te a ete emprunte des dialectes voisins de Hakka, et ainsi subi d’une influence de substrat. Nous argumentons en faveur de l’origine Hakka de te : il est grammaticalise du verbe de 得 qui signifie ‘acquerir’ dans les dialectes Hakka. Cette etude revele que l'usage aspectuel de te joue un role essentiel du lien manquant entre les groupes dialectaux de Yue et Hakka.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"45 1","pages":"71-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19606028-00451P03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64470912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Une grammaire du mandarin","authors":"Marie-Claude Paris","doi":"10.1163/19606028-00451P04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00451P04","url":null,"abstract":"Review article on Grammar of Mandarin. John Benjamins. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 2015, written by Jeroen Wiedenhof.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"45 1","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19606028-00451P04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64470924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Nivkh Dictionary, written by Michael Fortescue, 2016","authors":"José Andrés Alonso Fuente","doi":"10.1163/19606028-00452P04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00452P04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"45 1","pages":"177-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19606028-00452P04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64471026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Translating Chinese tradition and teaching Tangut culture: Manuscripts and printed books from Khara-Khoto , written by Imre Galambos, 2015","authors":"M. Miyake","doi":"10.1163/19606028-00452P05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00452P05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"45 1","pages":"184-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19606028-00452P05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64471105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the role of grammaticalization (recategorization) in the origin of Manchu motion verbs","authors":"José Andrés Alonso Fuente","doi":"10.1163/19606028-00452P01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00452P01","url":null,"abstract":"Manchu has a set of spatials (adverbs) containing the derivational suffix +si which via grammaticalization (recategorization) evolved into motion verbs, e.g. †do ‘inside’ > dosi ‘to the inside, into’ > dosi- ‘to go into, enter’. Ikegami’s suggestion concerning the origin of one of them, namely tuci- ‘to come out, exit’ < *tulĕ/ĭ-si-, from tule ‘outside’, involves unnecessary phonetic complications: fortition of *-ls- to *-lc- and cluster simplification of *-lc- to -c- are two atypical sound changes in the history of Manchu. An alternative solution is presented instead: tuci- goes back to Proto-Tungusic *turki- ‘to go out’ (unambiguous cognates in South Ewenki), showing regular -c- < *-rk-, and has no suffix whatsoever. The same alternative solution allows us to dispense with the longstanding fallacy that in Manchu the derivational suffix +si has a variant in +ci.","PeriodicalId":35117,"journal":{"name":"Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale","volume":"45 1","pages":"113-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/19606028-00452P01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64470960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}