{"title":"The Commercial Significance of Oil Content Analysis: The Position of Official Methods","authors":"R. Cantrill, Devanand L. Luthria","doi":"10.1201/9780429104527-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429104527-1","url":null,"abstract":"There are many anecdotal claims that “the error in the measurement of proximateX is costing/losing the industry millions.” Such a charge has been heard in themethods and commodity committees of many national and international organiza-tions. On the other hand, contractual specifications between suppliers and con-sumers of raw materials are being written much more tightly than ever before. Theresult is that the precision and accuracy of the methods of analysis used to supportthese contracts are routinely being questioned. Such circumstances have led theFederation of Oils, Seeds and Fats Associations Ltd. (FOSFA International) tostudy the contractual method for sunflower seed oil content and modify it toinclude the determination of moisture, both before and after grinding before the oilextraction step. The original FOSFA Contractual Method was previously adoptedby ISO/TC 34/SC 2 (Oleaginous Seeds and Fruits and Oilseed Meals) and devel-oped as ISO 659; it is also reproduced as AOCS Am 2-93.Other standards development organizations (SDO) such as AOCS, AOACInternational, CEN, ISO, and Codex Alimentarius are faced with similar problemsas the globalization of world standards follows the need to open up world trade.The existence of many versions of the same analytical method in the standardsarena is complicated by the routine practice of translating these standards intocompany standard operating procedures (SOP) and the existence of more variantmethodologies. Differences in regional customs, training, and language also con-tribute to the diversity of analytical methods.All of these considerations have a large effect on both the trade of oilseeds andthe introduction of new or modified, value-added crops into the specialty and nichemarkets and the acceptance of improvements to existing commodity oilseeds.","PeriodicalId":350966,"journal":{"name":"Oil Extraction and Analysis","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132132402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soxtec: Its Principles and Applications","authors":"S. Anderson, Devanand L. Luthria","doi":"10.1201/9780429104527-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429104527-2","url":null,"abstract":"The classical Soxhlet method provides the fundamental basis for a modern-day solvent extraction system, the Soxtec TM . Using the Randall modification, sometimes called the submersion method, the Soxtec provides a faster approach to solvent extraction for the gravimetric quantitation of fat and oil. Typically, the Soxtec methods require only 20‐25% of the time required for traditional Soxhlet extraction. Sample preparation, general extraction procedures, method considerations, and optimization are addressed. By definition, the procedure to determine “crude fat” is an empirical method in which the result is determined by the conditions of the procedure. Several aspects of the extraction process, such as solvent type, time, and temperature, are explored. Several standardized Soxtec methods are discussed, including the recently approved AOAC method for determining crude fat in feeds, cereal grains, and forages. Many Soxtec applications are routinely used in food, feed, industrial, and environmental laboratories for the measurement of fats, oils, semivolatiles, and other solvent “extractables.” For the determination of crude fat, descriptions are given for various sample pretreatment and extraction procedures. Practical guidelines for handling challenging samples as well as general suggestions are presented.","PeriodicalId":350966,"journal":{"name":"Oil Extraction and Analysis","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129015809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}