National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System最新文献
Joyce A Martin, Brady E Hamilton, Michelle J K Osterman, Anne K Driscoll
{"title":"Births: Final Data for 2018.","authors":"Joyce A Martin, Brady E Hamilton, Michelle J K Osterman, Anne K Driscoll","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives-This report presents 2018 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. Methods-Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 3.79 million births that occurred in 2018 are presented. Data are presented for maternal age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, marital status, tobacco use, prenatal care, source of payment for the delivery, method of delivery, gestational age, birthweight, and plurality. Selected data by mother's state of residence and birth rates by age also are shown. Trend data for 2010 through 2018 are presented for selected items. Trend data by race and Hispanic origin are shown for 2016-2018. Results-3,791,712 births were registered in the United States in 2018, down 2% from 2017. Compared with rates in 2017, the general fertility rate declined to 59.1 births per 1,000 women aged 15-44. The birth rate for females aged 15-19 fell 7% in 2018. Birth rates declined for women aged 20-34 and increased for women aged 35-44. The total fertility rate declined to 1,729.5 births per 1,000 women in 2018. Birth rates for both married and unmarried women declined from 2017 to 2018. The percentage of women who began prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy rose to 77.5% in 2018; the percentage of all women who smoked during pregnancy declined to 6.5%. The cesarean delivery rate decreased to 31.9% in 2018 following an increase in 2017. Medicaid was the source of payment for 42.3% of all 2018 births, down 2% from 2017. The preterm birth rate rose for the fourth straight year to 10.02% in 2018; the rate of low birthweight was unchanged at 8.28%. Twin and triplet and higher-order multiple birth rates declined in 2018 (Figure 1).</p>","PeriodicalId":35088,"journal":{"name":"National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System","volume":"68 13","pages":"1-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38015030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Holly Hedegaard, Brigham A Bastian, James P Trinidad, Merianna R Spencer, Margaret Warner
{"title":"Regional Differences in the Drugs Most Frequently Involved in Drug Overdose Deaths: United States, 2017.","authors":"Holly Hedegaard, Brigham A Bastian, James P Trinidad, Merianna R Spencer, Margaret Warner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective-This report describes regional differences in the specific drugs most frequently involved in drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2017. Methods-Data from the 2017 National Vital Statistics System-Mortality files were linked to electronic files containing literal text information from death certificates. Drug overdose deaths were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes X40-X44, X60-X64, X85, and Y10-Y14. Drug mentions were identified using established methods for searching the literal text from death certificates. Deaths were assigned to 1 of 10 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) regions based on the decedent's state of residence. The number and age-adjusted death rate was determined for the 10 drugs most frequently involved in drug overdose deaths in 2017, both nationally and for each HHS region. Deaths involving more than one drug were counted in all relevant drug categories (i.e., the same death could be counted in more than one drug category). Results-Among drug overdose deaths in 2017 that mentioned at least 1 specific drug on the death certificate, the 10 drugs most frequently involved included fentanyl, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, alprazolam, oxycodone, morphine, methadone, hydrocodone, and diphenhydramine. Regionally, 6 drugs (alprazolam, cocaine, fentanyl, heroin, methadone, and oxycodone) were found among the 10 most frequently involved drugs in all 10 HHS regions, although the relative ranking varied by region. Age-adjusted rates of drug overdose deaths involving fentanyl or deaths involving cocaine were higher in the regions east of the Mississippi River, while age-adjusted rates for drug overdose deaths involving methamphetamine were higher in the West. The regional patterns observed did not change after adjustment for differences in the specificity of drug reporting. Conclusions-The drugs most frequently involved in drug overdose deaths in 2017 varied by HHS region. Understanding the regional differences can help inform local prevention and policy efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":35088,"journal":{"name":"National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System","volume":"68 12","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38012442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maternal Characteristics and Infant Outcomes in Appalachia and the Delta.","authors":"Anne K Driscoll, Danielle M Ely","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives-This report compares maternal characteristics and outcomes for infants born to mothers in Appalachia, the Delta, and the rest of the United States. Methods-The 2017 vital statistics natality file and the 2016-2017 linked birth/infant death data files were used to compare maternal characteristics (e.g., race and Hispanic origin, age, and marital status) of women who gave birth in Appalachia, the Delta, and the rest of the United States. Comparisons of infant outcomes (preterm, low birthweight, and infant mortality) across the three regions were made overall and within categories of these maternal characteristics. Results-Characteristics of women who gave birth differed across the three regions. Women in the Delta were most likely to be teenagers, unmarried, and not have a college degree, followed by women in Appalachia, and then by women in the rest of the United States. Overall and within most categories of maternal characteristics, infants born in the Delta were more likely to be preterm (12.37%) or low birthweight (10.75%) and were more likely to die in their first year of life (8.17 infant deaths per 1,000 live births) than those born in Appalachia (10.75%, 8.87%, and 6.82, respectively), while those born in the rest of the United States were the least likely (9.78%, 8.14%, and 5.67, respectively). Conclusions-Maternal characteristics associated with poor infant outcomes are most common among women who give birth in the Delta, followed by women in Appalachia, and then the rest of the United States. Within most categories of these maternal characteristics, infants born in the Delta have the worst outcomes, followed by those born in Appalachia, and then those born in the rest of the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":35088,"journal":{"name":"National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System","volume":"68 11","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38012441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infant Mortality in the United States, 2017: Data From the Period Linked Birth/Infant Death File.","authors":"Danielle M Ely, Anne K Driscoll","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives-This report presents 2017 infant mortality statistics by age at death, maternal race and Hispanic origin, maternal age, maternal state of residence, gestational age, and leading causes of death. Trends in infant mortality are also examined. Methods-Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted for infant deaths and infant mortality rates using the 2017 period linked birth/infant death file; the linked birth/infant death file is based on birth and death certificates registered in all states and the District of Columbia. Results-A total of 22,341 infant deaths were reported in the United States in 2017. The U.S. infant mortality rate was 5.79 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, not statistically different from the rate of 5.87 in 2016. The neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates for 2017 (3.85 and 1.94, respectively) were also essentially unchanged from 2016. The 2017 infant mortality rate for infants of non-Hispanic black women (10.97) was more than twice as high as that for infants of non-Hispanic white (4.67), non-Hispanic Asian (3.78), and Hispanic (5.10) women. Infant mortality rates by state for 2017 ranged from a low of 3.66 in Massachusetts to a high of 8.73 in Mississippi. Infants born very preterm (less than 28 weeks of gestation) had the highest mortality rate (384.39), 183 times as high as that for infants born at term (37-41 weeks of gestation) (2.10). The five leading causes of infant death in 2017 were the same as in 2016; cause of death rankings and mortality rates varied by maternal race and Hispanic origin. Preterm-related causes of death accounted for 34% of the 2017 infant deaths, unchanged from 2016.</p>","PeriodicalId":35088,"journal":{"name":"National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System","volume":"68 10","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38012440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth C W Gregory, Joyce A Martin, Erica Lee Argov, Michelle J K Osterman
{"title":"Assessing the Quality of Medical and Health Data From the 2003 Birth Certificate Revision: Results From New York City.","authors":"Elizabeth C W Gregory, Joyce A Martin, Erica Lee Argov, Michelle J K Osterman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives-A primary goal of the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth was to improve data quality.This report evaluates the quality of selected 2003 revision-based medical and health data by comparing birth certificate data for New York City with information abstracted from hospital medical records.Methods-A random sample of records for 900 births occurring in New York City in 2013 was reviewed. Birth certificate and hospital medical records data were compared for these categories: pregnancy history, prenatal care, gestational age, birthweight, pregnancy risk factors, source of payment, characteristics of labor and delivery, fetal presentation, method of delivery, abnormal conditions of the newborn, infant living, and infant breastfed. Levels of missing data, exact agreement, kappa scores, sensitivity, and false discovery rates are presented where applicable. Results-Exact agreement or sensitivity between birth certificate and medical record data was high (90.0% or greater) for a number of items (e.g., number of previous cesarean deliveries, cephalic presentation, cesarean delivery, vaginal/spontaneous delivery, obstetric estimate of gestation [within 2 weeks], Medicaid as source of payment for the delivery, birthweight [within 500 grams]), but extremely low (less than 40.0%) for several items (e.g., gestational hypertension, previous preterm birth, augmentation of labor, assisted ventilation, maternal transfusion). Levels of agreement or sensitivity for several items (e.g., obstetric estimate of gestation at delivery [exact number of weeks], previous cesarean delivery, private insurance as the source of payment for delivery, and total number of prenatal care visits [within two visits]), were substantial (between 75.0% and 89.9%) or moderate (between 60.0% and 74.9%). Data quality often varied by hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":35088,"journal":{"name":"National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System","volume":"68 8","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38015029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deaths: Leading Causes for 2017.","authors":"Melonie Heron","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives-This report presents final 2017 data on the 10 leading causes of death in the United States by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Leading causes of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal death are also presented. This report supplements \"Deaths: Final Data for 2017,\" the National Center for Health Statistics' annual report of final mortality statistics. Methods-Data in this report are based on information from all death certificates filed in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2017. Causes of death classified by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) are ranked according to the number of deaths assigned to rankable causes. Cause-of-death statistics are based on the underlying cause of death. Results-In 2017, the 10 leading causes of death were, in rank order: Diseases of heart; Malignant neoplasms; Accidents (unintentional injuries); Chronic lower respiratory diseases; Cerebrovascular diseases; Alzheimer disease; Diabetes mellitus; Influenza and pneumonia; Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis; and Intentional self-harm (suicide). They accounted for 74% of all deaths occurring in the United States. Differences in the rankings are evident by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Leading causes of infant death for 2017 were, in rank order: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities; Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified; Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy; Sudden infant death syndrome; Accidents (unintentional injuries); Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes; Bacterial sepsis of newborn; Diseases of the circulatory system; Respiratory distress of newborn; and Neonatal hemorrhage. Important variations in the leading causes of infant death are noted for the neonatal and postneonatal periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":35088,"journal":{"name":"National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System","volume":"68 6","pages":"1-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38015031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth D Kochanek, Sherry L Murphy, Jiaquan Xu, Elizabeth Arias
{"title":"Deaths: Final Data for 2017.","authors":"Kenneth D Kochanek, Sherry L Murphy, Jiaquan Xu, Elizabeth Arias","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives-This report presents final 2017 data on U.S. deaths, death rates, life expectancy, infant mortality, and trends, by selected characteristics such as age, sex, Hispanic origin and race, state of residence, and cause of death. Methods-Information reported on death certificates is presented in descriptive tabulations. The original records are filed in state registration offices. Statistical information is compiled in a national database through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program of the National Center for Health Statistics. Causes of death are processed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Results-In 2017, a total of 2,813,503 deaths were reported in the United States. The age-adjusted death rate was 731.9 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population, an increase of 0.4% from the 2016 rate. Life expectancy at birth was 78.6 years, a decrease of 0.1 year from the 2016 rate. Life expectancy decreased from 2016 to 2017 for non-Hispanic white males (0.1 year) and non-Hispanic black males (0.1), and increased for non- Hispanic black females (0.1). Age-specific death rates increased in 2017 from 2016 for age groups 25-34, 35-44, and 85 and over, and decreased for age groups under 1 and 45-54. The 15 leading causes of death in 2017 remained the same as in 2016 although, two causes exchanged ranks. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, the 12th leading cause of death in 2016, became the 11th leading cause of death in 2017, while Septicemia, the 11th leading cause of death in 2016, became the 12th leading cause of death in 2017. The infant mortality rate, 5.79 infant deaths per 1,000 live births in 2017, did not change significantly from the rate of 5.87 in 2016. Conclusions-The age-adjusted death rate for the total, male, and female populations increased from 2016 to 2017 and life expectancy at birth decreased in 2017 for the total and male populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":35088,"journal":{"name":"National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System","volume":"68 9","pages":"1-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38015027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"United States Life Tables, 2017.","authors":"Elizabeth Arias","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives-This report presents complete period life tables for the United States by race, Hispanic origin, and sex, based on age-specific death rates in 2017. Methods-Data used to prepare the 2017 life tables are 2017 final mortality statistics; July 1, 2017 population estimates based on the 2010 decennial census; and 2017 Medicare data for persons aged 66-99. The methodology used to estimate the life tables for the Hispanic population remains unchanged from that developed for the publication of life tables by Hispanic origin for data year 2006. The methodology used to estimate the 2017 life tables for all other groups was first implemented with data year 2008. Results-In 2017, the overall expectation of life at birth was 78.6 years, decreasing from 78.7 in 2016. Between 2016 and 2017, life expectancy at birth decreased by 0.1 year for males (76.2 to 76.1) and did not change for females (81.1). Life expectancy at birth decreased by 0.1 year for the white population (78.9 to 78.8) and the non-Hispanic white population (78.6 to 78.5) between 2016 and 2017. Life expectancy at birth did not change from 2016 for the black population (75.3), the non-Hispanic black population (74.9), and the Hispanic population (81.8).</p>","PeriodicalId":35088,"journal":{"name":"National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System","volume":"68 7","pages":"1-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38015028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trends in Cancer and Heart Disease Death Rates Among Adults Aged 45-64: United States, 1999-2017.","authors":"Sally C Curtin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives-This report presents death rates for cancer and heart disease among adults aged 45-64 in the United States for 1999-2017. Rates for 1999-2017 are presented by sex and race and ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic). Methods-Mortality statistics in this report are based on information from death certificates filed in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Cancer deaths are classified by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) underlying cause-of-death codes C00-C97; heart disease deaths are classified with ICD-10 underlying cause-of-death codes I00-I09, I11, I13, and I20-I51. Death rates are calculated per 100,000 population. Trends were evaluated using the National Cancer Institute's Joinpoint Regression Program. Results-Cancer death rates for middle-aged adults aged 45-64 declined by 19% from 1999 to 2017 (224.9 deaths per 100,000 to 182.6), whereas heart disease death rates declined by 22% from 1999 (164.3) to 2011 (127.9) and then increased 4% from 2011 to 2017 (133.6). The same trend patterns were observed for both men and women. The cancer death rate was always higher than the heart disease death rate from 1999 to 2017, and was 37% higher in 2017. For non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black men and women, cancer death rates declined over the 1999-2017 period, whereas heart disease death rates declined and then increased since 2009 for non-Hispanic white men and women, and since 2011 for non-Hispanic black men and women. Hispanic men and women experienced different trends than their non-Hispanic white and black counterparts-both cancer and heart disease death rates for this group had periods of decline and stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":35088,"journal":{"name":"National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System","volume":"68 5","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38012439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"United States Life Tables, 2016.","authors":"Elizabeth Arias, Jiaquan Xu, Kenneth D Kochanek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives-This report presents complete period life tables for the United States by race, Hispanic origin, and sex, based on age-specific death rates in 2016. Methods-Data used to prepare the 2016 life tables are 2016 final mortality statistics; July 1, 2016 population estimates based on the 2010 decennial census; and 2016 Medicare data for persons aged 66-99. The methodology used to estimate the life tables for the Hispanic population remains unchanged from that developed for the publication of life tables by Hispanic origin for data year 2006. The methodology used to estimate the 2016 life tables for all other groups was first implemented with data year 2008. Results-In 2016, the overall expectation of life at birth was 78.7 years, unchanged from 2015. Between 2015 and 2016, life expectancy at birth decreased by 0.1 year for males (76.3 to 76.2) and did not change for females (81.1). Life expectancy at birth did not change for the white population (78.9) between 2015 and 2016. Life expectancy at birth decreased by 0.2 year for the black population (75.5 to 75.3) and for the non-Hispanic black population (75.1 to 74.9). Life expectancy at birth decreased by 0.1 year for the non-Hispanic white population (78.7 to 78.6) and for the Hispanic population (81.9 to 81.8).</p>","PeriodicalId":35088,"journal":{"name":"National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System","volume":"68 4","pages":"1-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37421638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}