Eearth Pub Date : 2018-03-05 DOI: 10.11648/j.earth.20180702.13

Li Chenming, Yang Demin

{"title":"Research on Paleogeography Recovery of \"Impact Point\" Based on “Collisions Aggregation Effect”","authors":"Li Chenming, Yang Demin","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20180702.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180702.13","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015 and 2018, the author put forward the new hypothesis of the origin to the Emeishan LIP based on the “Collisions Aggregation Effect” of a Meteorite Impact. Under the guidance of this hypothesis, the author and his team collected a large number of domestic and international researches on Emeishan LIP and paleogeography, it is concluded that: 1. The main eruptive period of ELIP is at the P/Tr boundary period, about 257Ma. Its main distribution is located at 4°S, 152°E or 4°S, 110°E, located in YZ Block of the Southwest China, and is the marine facies eruption. 2. Based on the “Collisions Aggregation Effect”, the author proposed that the \"impact point\" is located in the 4°N, 28°W or 4°N, 70°W at the P/Tr boundary period, and is the marine sedimentary environment; 3. Combined with the \"impact point\" paleogeographic location, put forward located in the Atlantic Ocean of the northeastern Brazil or Colombia now; 4. The author believes that the\"impact point\" just in the oceans at the P/Tr boundary period, It is possible that the \"impact point\" of a meteorite is located exactly in the Panthalassic Ocean, resulting in an extensive regression, significant sea level declines, over 90% of marine life, and nearly 70% of the land extinction? 5. The authors will further study and analyze the evolution of the Panthalassic Ocean in the hope of gaining some ground from it, hoping to find evidence to verify the \"impact point\" and hope that interested researchers can join in to participate in the work.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123638134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Salt and Methane Generation Initiated by Membrane Polarisation 膜极化引发盐和甲烷生成

Eearth Pub Date : 2018-02-09 DOI: 10.11648/J.EARTH.20180702.12

Z. Unger, D. Leclair

{"title":"Salt and Methane Generation Initiated by Membrane Polarisation","authors":"Z. Unger, D. Leclair","doi":"10.11648/J.EARTH.20180702.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EARTH.20180702.12","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of deep marine hypersaline anoxic basins (DHAB) has been well-documented starting with the MedRiff Project in the Eastern Mediterranean. We suppose that there is analogy between the recent and ancient DHABs. This premise allows us to hypothesize that some methane accumulations in geological reservoirs may have been generated by historical euryhaline bacteria. The extreme life conditions of the bacteria and the facieses, as found in currently existing supersaturated salt brines DHABs, may have also existed in the geological past. Since salt basins overlap some of the most productive gas provinces, this article aims to introduce a new approach to salt and methane generation. It highlights the need to reconsider the classical approach to salt and methane generation due to new observations. Hereby we describe a new mechanism for DHAB generation due to membrane polarization. These phenomena generate a surface on which seawater of normal salinity meets the underneath brine of high salinity, and there is no diffusion between them. Hence we presume that non-crystalized, over-pressured, salty brine is the appropriate material to trap and host methane. Following overburden by deposited basin sediments, this viscous, gas-saturated brine can be an engine for diapir formation, which is prior to the crystalline phase. This new idea redefines our search for salt and methane deposits yet it requires further research and consideration, along with the new approach of salt diapir formation in specific salt basins.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128963984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Investigating Rainstorm Disturbance on Suspended Substance in Coastal Coral Reef Water Based on MODIS Imagery and Field Measurements 基于MODIS影像和野外实测的暴雨扰动对沿海珊瑚礁水体悬浮物的影响研究

Eearth Pub Date : 2018-02-03 DOI: 10.11648/j.earth.20180702.11

Weiqi Chen, Xuelian Meng, Shuisen Chen, Jia Liu

{"title":"Investigating Rainstorm Disturbance on Suspended Substance in Coastal Coral Reef Water Based on MODIS Imagery and Field Measurements","authors":"Weiqi Chen, Xuelian Meng, Shuisen Chen, Jia Liu","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20180702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180702.11","url":null,"abstract":"From July 11-12, 2009, the tropical storm Soudeler swept the study area with a Level 8 wind and disturbed the suspended substance in this coastal area, which may have caused some fatal impact on the health condition of coral reef in Xuwen coral reef coast located in Leizhou Peninsula of South China. In order to evaluate the impact of extreme weather on coral reef, this study applied and validated a TSS model to map the TSS variation based on red and infrared spectral bands of MODIS data through one before-storm and two after-storm images after applying the atmospheric correction of in-water linear regression analysis. By mapping and comparing the changes of TSS values before- and after- tropical storm, this study found substantial increases of TSS concentrations as a mean value of 47.8 mg/L (~3.6 times of mean TSS value before rainstorm) in the area during the passage of tropical storm compared to those under no-storm condition. Besides, the TSS returned back to even lower values five days after the passage of tropical storm as a mean value of 3.6mg/L (~one quarter of mean TSS value (13.4 mg/L) before rainstorm). The conclusion was made that the TSS concentration in estuary and coastal areas under local rainstorm tends to return to a normal level faster (approximately 2.5 days) than under a hurricane [1] or tropical storm as discovered in this study (approximately 5 days). Compared to the less frequent and non-synoptic in-situ field sampling approach, the synoptic and frequent sampling facilitated by frequent remote sensing imagery of MODIS provides an improved assessment of TSS concentration and two-dimensional distribution patterns and is recommended to be used as a valuable tool for frequently monitoring coral reef water quality in coastal water bodies of China and other areas in the world if applicable.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131729044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The New Hypothesis of the Origin to the Emeishan LIP: Because of the “Collisions Aggregation Effect” of a Meteorite Impact 峨眉山LIP成因的新假说:陨石撞击的“碰撞聚集效应”

Eearth Pub Date : 2018-01-19 DOI: 10.11648/j.earth.20180701.16

Li Chenming

{"title":"The New Hypothesis of the Origin to the Emeishan LIP: Because of the “Collisions Aggregation Effect” of a Meteorite Impact","authors":"Li Chenming","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20180701.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180701.16","url":null,"abstract":"Emeishan LIP is the only accredited continental flood basalts (CFB) by domestic and international currently in China, there were a lot of explanations about its origin and based only on the petrology, chemistry, most believe its cause of formation is a \"mantle plume\", but just stay in the geochemical basis, there is no more convincing evidence. This article combined with the experiments and data demonstrate the truth and universality of the \"Collisions Aggregation\" theory, and think that there was a violent planetary collision occurred in the other side of the earth (the point of impact), the collision caused \"Collisions Aggregation\" effect and aroused a huge impact energy aggregated in the collisions aggregation point and earthquakes, volcanic activity and massive lava overflowed, the impact point and the collisions aggregation point were at the corresponding points of the ends of the earth through the geocenter, the impact and large-scale magmatism occurred almost simultaneously. The author believe that the Emeishan basalts may not be \"mantle plume\" caused, which broke lithosphere formed overflowing may not by the dome rising or crust thinning or rift valley of the dome head effect of the \"mantle plume\", but may be form a rising channel caused by \"Collisions Aggregation\" effect on account of a violent asteroid impact at the P/T historical periods of the earth, and the thermal fluid overflow because of external disturbances. Meanwhile, this article also explore the dynamic mechanisms of the \"mantle plume\" and make the role of better ideas to explore the relationship between the distribution of the hot spots in the surface of the earth and the asteroid impact events and the global mass extinction events.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"14 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128909969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Fast Landform Position Classification to Improve the Accuracy of Remote Sensing Land Cover Mapping 快速地形位置分类提高遥感土地覆盖制图精度

Eearth Pub Date : 2018-01-19 DOI: 10.11648/J.EARTH.20180701.15

Wenjuan Qi, Xiaomei Yang, Zhihua Wang, Zhi Li, Fengshuo Yang, Zhiling Zheng

{"title":"Fast Landform Position Classification to Improve the Accuracy of Remote Sensing Land Cover Mapping","authors":"Wenjuan Qi, Xiaomei Yang, Zhihua Wang, Zhi Li, Fengshuo Yang, Zhiling Zheng","doi":"10.11648/J.EARTH.20180701.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EARTH.20180701.15","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase in the availability of high resolution remote sensing imagery, land cover classification and mapping by high-resolution remote sensing images is becoming an increasingly useful technique for providing a large area of detailed land-cover information. High-resolution images have the characteristics of abundant geometric and detail information, which are beneficial to detailed classification and mapping. However, in such images, similar features may present different land-cover types in various topographic positions, but these differences are hard to recognize in high remote sensing images. When dealing with such problems, ground surveys or rough classifications of elevations are common methods. Ground surveys are time and labor consuming and lack strong real-time capability. A rough classification cannot reflect subtle changes in terrain. In order to make full use of characteristics of high remote sensing images and avoid their insufficient, a topographic position index landform position classification method is utilized in this research. The meaning of using this method is to reduce the amount of misclassification and wrongly mapping land cover types. The Topographic Position Index landform position classification method compares the elevation of each pixel in a digital elevation model to the mean elevation of the neighborhood and defines landform position class of the each pixel. Such landform position classification method allows a variety of nested landforms to be distinguished. This gives a new input for remote sensing land cover classification and mapping. The experimental results in this research proved that a GaoFen-1（GF-1）remote sensing image land cover classification accuracy is significantly improved by using the Topographic Position Index landform position classification method after image segmentation and classification.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125339489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Metallogenic Series of Gold Deposits in the Cariboo Gold Mining District, British Columbia, Canada 加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省卡里布金矿区金矿床成矿系列

Eearth Pub Date : 2018-01-11 DOI: 10.11648/J.EARTH.20180701.14

Jian Yin

引用次数: 0

Nannostratigraphic Study of K/Pg Limit Formations of Cote d’Ivoire Offshore Sedimentary Basin of (West Africa) 西非科特迪瓦近海沉积盆地K/Pg极限组的纳米地层学研究

Eearth Pub Date : 2017-12-18 DOI: 10.11648/J.EARTH.20170606.19

Nakpoh Nadege Barbara Zagbayou, Zéli Bruno Digbehi, Maurice Ennin Tetchie, A. Kouamé

引用次数: 0

Molar Mass Version of the Ideal Gas Law Points to a Very Low Climate Sensitivity 理想气体定律的摩尔质量版本指出气候敏感性非常低

Eearth Pub Date : 2017-12-07 DOI: 10.11648/j.earth.20170606.18

R. Holmes

{"title":"Molar Mass Version of the Ideal Gas Law Points to a Very Low Climate Sensitivity","authors":"R. Holmes","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20170606.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20170606.18","url":null,"abstract":"It has always been complicated mathematically, to calculate the average near surface atmospheric temperature on planetary bodies with a thick atmosphere. Usually, the Stefan Boltzmann (S-B) black body law is used to provide the effective temperature, then debate arises about the size or relevance of additional factors, including the ‘greenhouse effect’. Presented here is a simple and reliable method of accurately calculating the average near surface atmospheric temperature on planetary bodies which possess a surface atmospheric pressure of over 10kPa. This method requires a gas constant and the knowledge of only three gas parameters; the average near-surface atmospheric pressure, the average near surface atmospheric density and the average mean molar mass of the near-surface atmosphere. The formula used is the molar version of the ideal gas law. It is here demonstrated that the information contained in just these three gas parameters alone is an extremely accurate predictor of atmospheric temperatures on planets with atmospheres >10kPa. This indicates that all information on the effective plus the residual near-surface atmospheric temperature on planetary bodies with thick atmospheres, is automatically ‘baked-in’ to the three mentioned gas parameters. Given this, it is shown that no one gas has an anomalous effect on atmospheric temperatures that is significantly more than any other gas. In short; there can be no 33°C ‘greenhouse effect’ on Earth, or any significant ‘greenhouse effect’ on any other planetary body with an atmosphere of >10kPa. Instead, it is a postulate of this hypothesis that the residual temperature difference of 33°C between the S-B effective temperature and the measured near-surface temperature is actually caused by adiabatic auto-compression.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128872374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Critical Break Length of Floor Aquiclude During Longwall Mining Above Confined Aquifer 承压含水层上长壁开采底板水层临界断裂长度

Eearth Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.11648/j.earth.20170606.17

Baohua Guo, Feng Jiao, Xiaoyu Yang

{"title":"Critical Break Length of Floor Aquiclude During Longwall Mining Above Confined Aquifer","authors":"Baohua Guo, Feng Jiao, Xiaoyu Yang","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20170606.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20170606.17","url":null,"abstract":"Floor water inrushes not only cause heavy casualties and property losses, but seriously restrict the production of coal mines. The aquiclude was simplified as the fixed - fixed beam under the uniform load, and critical break length formula of floor aquiclude in three failure modes including bending failure, shear failure and buckling of pressure bar were established. Then the critical lengths of aquiclude in three failure modes were calculated according to the geological and mining conditions of 15031 panel in Jiulishan coalmine. The results show that the critical break length in bending failure is the smallest, while the critical length in shear failure mode is the biggest. And failures of fixed – fixed beam in three failure modes all occur at two ends so that water inrush from floor may occur at open-off cut or working face. Additionally, three critical break lengths increase with aquiclude thickness but decrease with confined aquifer pressure. According to the calculated results, water inrush may occur at the working face or open-off cut when mining advance reaches 12.47 m, and thus three control measures of lowering aquifer pressure, increasing aquiclude thickness and shortening the distances of first and interval weighting of main roof were discussed. The conclusions can provide references to control water inrush from floor aquifer in coal mines.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122134742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Model Inversion of Leaf Area Index of Vegetation by Means of Electromagenetic Wave Radiative Transfer Model 利用电磁波辐射传输模型反演植被叶面积指数

Eearth Pub Date : 2017-10-30 DOI: 10.11648/J.EARTH.20170606.15

Wei Fu, Huan Pei, Zeng-shun Li, Hao Shen, Jun-shuai Li, Peng-yuan Wang

{"title":"The Model Inversion of Leaf Area Index of Vegetation by Means of Electromagenetic Wave Radiative Transfer Model","authors":"Wei Fu, Huan Pei, Zeng-shun Li, Hao Shen, Jun-shuai Li, Peng-yuan Wang","doi":"10.11648/J.EARTH.20170606.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EARTH.20170606.15","url":null,"abstract":"This paper puts forward a novel approach for model inversion of leaf area index (LAI) of vegetation based on the integrated arithmetic of data assimilation and genetic-particle swarm algorithm (DAGS). The article expounds the design principle of electromagenetic wave radiative transfer model (ERTM) for vegetation canopies. On this basis, this study constructs the inversion model of LAI based on DAGS. Furthermore, this experiment realizes the model inversion of LAI with the aid of Remote Sensing (RS) multi-spectral data and biophysical component data of vegetation canopies, which are provided by the multispectral RS observation data set (MOD15A2). The bullet points of the text are summarized as follows. (1) The contribution proposes DAGS for LAI inversion. (2) The article discusses ERTM model for electromagenetic wave radiative transfer mechanism of vegetation canopies. (3) This text achieves LAI inversion with the help of RS multi-spectral data and biophysical component data of vegetation canopies supplied by MOD15A2. The experimental results demonstrate the validity and reliability of the model inversion of LAIby making use of DAGS. The proposed algorithm exploits a novel algorithmic pathway for the model inversion of LAI by means of RS multi-spectral data and biophysical component data of vegetation canopies.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"62 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123092747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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