Journal of Rural Development最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants Of Nutritional Status Among Preschoolers in a Rural Area Of Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala","authors":"Anju Susan Thomas, G. Sridevi","doi":"10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i3/167182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i3/167182","url":null,"abstract":"Malnutrition among preschoolers is of grave concern and it lingers unabated in India, despite nutritional intervention policies of the State. Though Kerala is far ahead of other States in health outcomes, the triple burden of malnutrition is rampant. A micro-level analysis is conducted to assess the prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight among 189 preschool children in Vithura, a tribal-dominated rural Panchayat in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. In the study area, 38 per cent of children are stunted, which is higher among children belonging to tribal communities, and 19 per cent of preschool children are underweight. The occurrence of underweight is 27 per cent among tribal children, whereas it is 17 per cent among non-tribals. Caste, asset ownership status and maternal height are significantly associated with stunting, whereas underweight is significantly associated with asset ownership. In the logit model, caste significantly contributes to normal height for age. It is found that high asset group and age of the child being ‘13-36’ months increase the probability of being not underweight.","PeriodicalId":35010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Development","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74724552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sen's Capability Approach and Women Empowerment in Governance","authors":"Suparna Ganguly","doi":"10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i3/142198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i3/142198","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tries to measure the level of empowerment of elected women representatives (EWRs) at the Gram Panchayat level in the light of Prof. Amartya Sen’s ‘Capability Approach.’ In this paper, the level of empowerment of EWRs or “agency” has been measured through Women Empowerment Index (WEI) on the basis of five types of ‘instrumental freedoms’ like, Social Opportunities, Economic Facilities, Political Freedoms, Transparency Guarantees and Protective Security. On the other hand, the ‘capability set’ or the “alternative combinations of functioning” of EWRs or “agency” has been assessed through Gram Panchayat Performance Index (GPPI). By comparing WEI and GPPI, the paper has assessed the level of empowerment of EWRs during the last two boards (2003-08) and (2008-2013) in West Bengal.","PeriodicalId":35010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Development","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming Rural Land to Urban – Ethical Considerations in Real Estate Development","authors":"Anthony De Sa, S. Mandal, Deepak Bajaj, N. Sridharan","doi":"10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i3/172504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i3/172504","url":null,"abstract":"The rural-urban frontier is a constantly shifting one due to a variety of economic and social factors that trigger this transformation in the rural-urban continuum. The most intense changes in the built environment are taking place outside the borders of cities, in rural areas adjacent to them. Real estate development has become the most significant instrument for this transformation. Existing real estate industry ethical codes in India are short on specifics and lack enforceability; a statutory code of ethics could promote best business practices. A schematic diagram is developed to understand the complex interplay of ethical behaviour between agencies in the real estate ecosystem. Drawing on the deliberations of a high-powered focus group as well as a rich all-India sample of 103 respondents covering 15 States, the paper identifies what the various stakeholders perceive as priorities for incorporation in a common code of ethics. The surveyed sample includes 87 professionals and experts (administrators, planners, regulators, lawyers, chartered accountants, bankers, engineers, architects, academicians and researchers), and 16 stakeholder associations (of builders, consumers and realtors). Transparency, promise-keeping, accountability, professional excellence, law-abidance, fairness and integrity are identified as the main characteristics prioritised, but the perspectives of stakeholder segments are nuanced and vary considerably, necessitating a strategic approach towards the drafting of a common ethical code. It is suggested that the All-India Forum of Real Estate Regulatory Authorities is best placed to bring on board all stakeholders in the finalisation of a code of ethics that could get statutory moorings in the RERA Act of 2016.","PeriodicalId":35010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Development","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89789142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation From Model Village to Model Tourist Village: The Missing Link","authors":"Ankit Agrawal, Suvijna Awasthi, Swati Vishnoi","doi":"10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/154752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/154752","url":null,"abstract":"Padawali Gram Panchayat, located in Morena district of Madhya Pradesh, is known for monuments like Garhi Padawali fortress and Bateshwar group of temples, protected by Archeological Survey of India. Padawali has an agro-oriented economy, where the livelihood of most residents depends on agriculture and related works. Due to lack of employment opportunities and inadequate wages, locals are reeling under poverty and are migrating to neighbouring cities for better prospects. The village is enlisted for consideration under various government policies for infrastructure development, skill development, employment and heritage conservation. Despite these policy implementations, the government failed to generate employment for the locals and did not establish a sense of cultural pride. This gap can be identified and filled by bringing tourism to the village. Padawali village has almost all the attributes that can transform it into a rural tourism site or Adarsh Paryatan Gram. Rural tourism can help the villages to become self-sustenance, earn recognition to local’s art & craft and support its rejuvenation, etc. This study investigated various government policies and identified the gaps that hinder the transformation of Padawali into a model tourist village or Adarsh Paryatan Gram. The findings can help other villages to identify their constraints.","PeriodicalId":35010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Development","volume":"281 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86389516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants Of Intergenerational Métiers Mobility of the Labourers of Assam Tea Gardens","authors":"Shrabanti Maity, Dipshikha Buragohain","doi":"10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/172908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/172908","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to explore the intergenerational métiers mobility pattern of Assam tea garden labourers. Simultaneously, the current study unfolds the various factors responsible for this phenomenon. This predominantly empirical study utilises the Transition matrices and Multinomial Logistic Regression on 251 household-level primary data to explore the objectives. The empirical results disclose that horizontal motility is more prominent than vertical motility among the tea garden labourers of Assam. Various social-economic-demographic factors, like years of education, annual household expenditures, sex, and the number of dependents influence the vertical motility among the labourers of Assam tea gardens. The study also offer suitable policy prescriptions.","PeriodicalId":35010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Development","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79793694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an Industry In The Development of A Rural Area: A Case Study Of Facor in Odisha","authors":"L. Behera, Mitali Chinara","doi":"10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/172907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/172907","url":null,"abstract":"Odisha being a mineral-rich State along with abundant labour force, industrialisation has a fair scope to generate industrial employment, income and economic growth. The current study aims to analyse the impact of FACOR, a Ferro-alloys company, established in one of the rural districts of Odisha. Industries have both backward and forward linkages; they not only create direct employment but are also capable of creating indirect and induced employment. The study has attempted to assess the employment generated by the company, both direct and induced. To study the employment elasticity, a regression analysis has been done, and CAGR has been calculated to know the growth rate. A field survey of the business establishments in the local market was conducted to look at the induced employment created. The study found that though the direct employment generated by the industry is not very satisfactory, it has provided livelihood to many households through induced employment. The study also found that FACOR has undertaken many CSR activities which are helpful to enhance the living standard of the locality.","PeriodicalId":35010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Development","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87647434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access and Determinants of Formal Agriculture Credit In Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"S. Jatav, Sanatan Nayak","doi":"10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/172905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/172905","url":null,"abstract":"The study has attempted to examine the determinants of formal agricultural credit in rural Uttar Pradesh using National Sample Survey Organisation data from the 70th round (2012–13). The Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) model is used to examine the determinants of formal credit in Uttar Pradesh. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, social group, and family size are grouped into social, economic, and extension services. The findings from this study revealed that indebtedness exists and that almost 45 per cent of farmers have taken credit from informal credit agencies. Further, there is significant heterogeneity in terms of socio-economic and demographic features among farmers who have taken credit from formal and informal credit agencies. The BLR results show that gender, literacy rate, operated area, bank account, livestock, and Kisan Credit Card are key social and economic determinants of formal credit in rural Uttar Pradesh. The calculated odds ratio shows a 2.008 times higher probability of literate male farmers taking a loan from formal credit than others. Likewise, there is a 3.10 times higher probability of taking formal credit if farmers follow technical advice provided by agricultural universities, NGOs, and scientists through open-source platforms. Hence, the following policies are suggested to deal with indebtedness: (i) Policymakers can choose to intervene in the rural credit lending system by liberalising policy to more accurately reflect the characteristics of potential borrowers and in light of their current borrowing strategies, (ii) the BLR results depict a positive relationship with land size, and agricultural households with larger land seem to get more benefits. Therefore, the government should focus on marginal and small farmers, who have larger shares in the total operational landholdings, (iii) safety net programmes like the Public Distribution System (ration cards), in the presence of formal credit, may induce farmers and their families to increase their per capita monthly consumption expenditures, and (vi) State intervention is also required in terms of increasing the size of livestock, as this can be an area where Uttar Pradesh can lead the other States as this will help in diversification in the field of agriculture .","PeriodicalId":35010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Development","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87721434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating Risk and Augmenting Farmer’s Income through Livelihood Diversification Framework","authors":"K. Srinivas, B. Giridhar","doi":"10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/157590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/157590","url":null,"abstract":"Literature suggests various ways to augment the income levels of farmers, and livelihood diversification is one among such approaches. However, risk is a critical factor that drives a farmer to diversify. The returns of a farmer are influenced by the amount of risk undertaken. In this paper, efforts have been made to understand various factors that play a key role in coping with risk and possibilities to augment income through diversification, sustaining the income earned, and so on. Though diversification is an established strategy to boost income, this paper presents a systematic approach to diversification and managing risk through the livelihood diversification framework (LDF). The systematic approach paves the way to make livelihood diversification a non-distress-driven strategy through various interventions.","PeriodicalId":35010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Development","volume":"366 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73440706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal Migration During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis Through the Lens Of Social Organisations","authors":"Arvind S. Susarla, S. Shaji","doi":"10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/172906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/172906","url":null,"abstract":"In March 2020, a large number of people moved from cities to their homes in rural areas, and a few months later, many returned to cities. These journeys were undertaken not only during the COVID-19 pandemic against the advisory of governments and public health experts, but the circumstances of travel were also under extreme hardship. How may we understand this intense response by people? By drawing on the migration theory and the roles of social ties or social organisation, we can better explain peoples’ reactions during this pandemic. Notably, we find non-material values, such as the dignity of labour or responsibilities to family, are significant to decision -making, and there is a desire not to compromise on these values. Further, our analyses find that the distinction between pre-disaster and post-disaster situations may not be helpful.","PeriodicalId":35010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Development","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74909431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Political-Economy of Rural Development Through Corporate Social Responsibility: An Assessment of the INs and OUTs","authors":"B. Mohapatra","doi":"10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/160020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2022/v41/i2/160020","url":null,"abstract":"The shift of rural development from the government’s agenda to the CSR units’ agenda is a recent political development. The Companies Act 2013 has made it mandatory for the corporate to play a significant role, sometimes as a supplement to or as a substitution for the State under the neo-liberal economy. In this context, the present study has tried to explore the role of two major industries, i.e., HAL and NALCO, in rural development in the backward district of Koraput, Odisha. The seminal contributions of these two industries in four major areas, i.e., construction of toilets, construction and repair of roads, installation of solar lights and construction and repair of water service infrastructure, have been analysed in this article. The study has relied on both quantitative and qualitative data drawing them from secondary and primary sources. The study concludes that no clear-cut financial investment on different heads is projected by the company’s CSR units, there is overlapping in the company’s inclusion of the heads of rural development, people’s felt needs are hardly reflected in the designing of rural development programmes by the CSR units, and follow-up impact assessments are rarely undertaken. So, the investments are made without a real spirit, and the dividends do not commensurate with the hefty investment. Rural development programmes floated by the CSR units are less people-centric, not sustainable and economically viable, and are more politically motivated and just done to comply with the policy mandates.","PeriodicalId":35010,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Development","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81520378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}