2022 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE)最新文献

{"title":"Transition of Thailand's Power Sector toward Carbon Neutrality 2050","authors":"Achiraya Chaichaloempreecha, B. Limmeechokchai","doi":"10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113547","url":null,"abstract":"The Paris Agreement sets out a global framework to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. To limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, carbon neutrality becomes a challenge issue worldwide. In 2021, Thailand's Prime Minister pledged at COP26 in Glasgow that Thailand aims at carbon neutrality by 2050, and net zero emissions by 2065. The CO2 emission reduction in the power sector is a significant issue to develop a decarbonized power system. The objective of this study is to analyze energy system in Thailand's power sector toward carbon neutrality 2050 by using Thailand AIM/Enduse model. This study formulates business-as-usual (BAU) and three different carbon neutrality scenarios (CN2050). These CN2050 scenarios are formulated within Thailand context by considering the global CO2 emission trajectories obtained from the integrated assessment models (IAMs) under the different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), namely SSP1, SSP2 and SSP4 scenarios for the representative concentration pathway (RCP) of 1.9 watts W/m2. Most of the CO2 emissions in the energy sector are contributed by the fossil fuel combustion for electricity generation. The power sector contributed more than 40% of the CO2 emission in the energy sector. The CO2 emissions in the power sector are found increasing from 93 MtCO2 in 2010 to 142 MtCO2 in 2030 and 223 MtCO2 in 2050 in the BAU scenario, with AAGR of 2.2% annually. To achieve the carbon neutrality target, the decarbonization in the power generation are the main pillar to reduce the CO2 emission. The CO2 emissions in the power sector are estimated to be reduced by 53%-89% in the CN2050 in 2030 compared to the BAU scenario. In 2050, the CO2 emissions in the power sector are estimated to be zero in the CN2050 scenario. The improvement of energy efficiency, the penetration of renewable energies, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment including fossil fuel based with both CCS and bioenergy with CCS provide a positive effect on CO2 emissions reduction over the period 2010–2050.","PeriodicalId":350012,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128467154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the accuracy of open-source and commercial solar forecasting tools","authors":"M. Shaon, Y. Baghzouz","doi":"10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113518","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the performance of some solar forecasting tools that are available publicly over a 24-hour time horizon. These tools include one open-source, namely PVlib-python, and two commercial ones, each with different time resolutions. These tools are evaluated in terms of the forecasted direct normal irradiance (DNI) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI) which were compared to the measurements made locally, under both clear-sky, partly cloudy-sky and cloudy-sky conditions. Standardized metrics, including mean bias error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percent error, and root mean square error are used for comparison purposes. The goal is to determine how accurate these tools are for day-ahead solar forecasting, without resorting to sky imaging or ground-based irradiance monitoring.","PeriodicalId":350012,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127792723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort in a Library Building: A Case Study of Dhurakij Pundit University, Thailand","authors":"Auntika Thongsean, Aumnad Phdungsilp, Suparatchai Vorarat, R. Sarachitti","doi":"10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113535","url":null,"abstract":"The building sector represents high potential to address the energy use and occupants' comfort and well-being. This paper aims to proposed a methodological framework to assess energy and thermal comfort performance in buildings. The research framework was applied in an educational building using a library of Dhurakij Pundit University (DPU), Thailand as a case study. A representative building was modeled using SketchUp plugin with OpenStudio platform and EnergyPlus simulation engine for energy simulation. Thermal comfort parameters were measured in each floor of DPU's library and calculation of thermal comfort indices based on the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied) using the CBE Thermal Comfort Tool. It was found that the simulated energy is in line with the measured data with differences between -0.26% to 3.87%, depending on the floor. The energy intensity of DPU's library is 66.53 kWh/m2/year. Based on the measurements, the PMV and PPD of a reference building are -0.57 and 12%. Ten measures were simulated to assess the energy performance as well as thermal comfort conditions. It was found that seven measures can address both energy performance and thermal comfort in a case study building.","PeriodicalId":350012,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130842197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic Installation Schemes for Urban Buildings","authors":"Sirawit Hariwon, P. Thararak, P. Jirapong, Supanida Kaewwong, C. Thararux","doi":"10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113545","url":null,"abstract":"Installing photovoltaic (PV) systems in dense urban buildings with limited space cannot produce enough electricity to meet the building's needs and have low efficiency due to the shading effect of neighboring buildings and high ambient temperature. Developing a suitable PV installation scheme for the buildings poses a challenge for designing PV installations to increase electricity generation and promote renewable energy utilization. This paper develops a new hybrid building applied photovoltaic (BAPV) and building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) design methodology to offer flexibility in increased installation space and enhanced PV performance. The optimal PV installation is determined based on the performance parameters, including yield energy (YE), yield factor (YF), yield reference (YR), performance ratio (PR), global incident irradiation on the collector plane, shading losses, and PV loss due to temperature. BAPV/BIPV installation models are created with building information modeling and analyzed using PVsyst software with the technical aspect. The comparative case studies compare the performance of BAPV/BIPV installations for urban building applications with c-Si PV technology. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid scheme implemented with BAPV/BIPV installation can generate 54.29% and 74.98% more energy than those from BAPV-only and BIPV-only installation, respectively.","PeriodicalId":350012,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122351788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Carbon Power Generation in Selected GMS Countries to Achieve the Paris Agreement","authors":"Rathana Lorm, B. Limmeechokchai","doi":"10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113490","url":null,"abstract":"This paper adopts different technologies to integrate both the supply and demand-side options in the power sector of the selected GMS countries for restricting the CO2 emissions under the perspective of the nationally determined contributions (NDCs). This study develops three mitigation scenarios including the Business-as-Usual (BAU). The BAU scenario is established based on the current trend of electricity consumption associated with the socio-economic development of the selected GMS countries. The CO2 mitigations in the MIT01 scenario are in line with the power development plans (PDP) whilst the MIT02 scenario is formulated by enhancing renewable energy utilization, energy efficiency improvement, carbon capture and storage (CCS), and nuclear power. The Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) model is employed for the estimation of electricity demand, generation, and GHG emissions between 2015 and 2030. Results show that in 2030 under the MIT01 and MIT02 scenarios, the CO2 emissions can be reduced by 85.22 MtCO2eq and 149.24 MtCO2eq, respectively. Additionally, the study is extended to 2050 showing the total CO2 emission reduction in the MIT01 and MIT02 would be decreased by 26.41% and 68%, respectively compared to the emissions in the BAU. However, the goal of the Paris Agreement required higher GHG emissions deduction in 2050 than those in the MIT01 and MIT02 scenarios.","PeriodicalId":350012,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122415653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Carbon Footprint, Water Footprint, Cost and Return of Organic Rice Based on Circular Economy and Original Organic Rice","authors":"Natawan Wanvisesh, N. Pumijumnong, Sukanya Sereenonchai, Uthai Chareonwong, Noppol Arunrat","doi":"10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113496","url":null,"abstract":"Although original methods of organic rice farming are environmentally friendly, a circular economy concept is a new trend being applied in organic rice production. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the carbon footprint (CF) and water footprint (WF) throughout the entire process of original organic rice farming (OG-NonCE) and organic rice farming based on a circular economy approach (OG-CE), and (2) to assess cost and return of OG-NonCE and OG-CE productions. All data were collected by using a questionnaire survey with organic farm owners in Phichit province, Thailand. The concept of CF based on cradle to gate was employed to estimate GHG emission, while CROPWAT8.0 program was used to calculate the WF. The results revealed that CF intensities of OG-CE and OG-NonCE were 1.68 and 1.16 kg CO2/kg rice yield, respectively. The total WF of OG-CE production was 1543.3 m3/ton, consisting of 612.4, 85.8, and 845.1 m3/ton for green, blue, and grey WFs, respectively. Meanwhile, the total WF of OG-NonCE production was 552.5 m3/ton, including 223.0, 31.2, and 298.3 m3/ton for green, blue, and grey WFs, respectively. Under OG-CE production, it generated a return of 5793 Baht/rai, while total cost was approximately 1760 Baht/rai. The return of OG-NonCE production was 9929 Baht/rai, with a total cost of 1408 Baht/rai. Higher total WF and CF, and lower return were found under OG-CE compared with OG-NonCE due to the lower rice yield. Although OG-CE farms applied high amounts of organic fertilizer to increase rice yield, using low quality rice seeds caused low yield. This study recommended that providing knowledge and technology to produce good quality rice seed are necessary for organic rice production.","PeriodicalId":350012,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE)","volume":"45 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122949860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Mechanism to Decrease Water Consumption in Commodes","authors":"A. Girish, Suchithra Selladurai, Akshatha Devi Lolla, Prasanth A S","doi":"10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113540","url":null,"abstract":"Human waste management is a water intensive yet, essential activity. In an average household, flushing is the largest water intensive task, accounting for over 30% of the overall water consumption. A reduction in water consumed in commodes will not only enable the conserved water to be utilized for other vital activities such as agriculture, but also be of monetary benefit in terms of electricity conservation. The S-trap of the commode is identified as the component that entails high water consumption. The S-trap works by creating a depth seal, which is impermeable to the toxic gasses from the sewer. In this experimental study, a novel mechanism is developed to functionally replace the water intensive S-trap of a commode. The hyperboloid valve, essentially, a silicone membrane that alternates between a smooth conduit and an air-tight constriction, is triggered by a simple twisting action. An impermeable seal is formed when the membrane is twisted close, and a free passage when it is twisted open. The overall mechanism comprises a flexible silicone tube, threaded adapters, a gear-based actuation system and a programmable motor. A 1: 1 model of the system was fabricated. The quantity of water used, time of valve open, time between valve open and flush actuation, slope, and water retained in the bowl were the vital input parameters recorded as part of the study. To precisely adjust these parameters, a microcontroller was used to trigger the flushing action. Experimentation with solid waste mock ups such as vegetable dices revealed that the smooth conduit permits free passage of waste unlike the S-trap design. In order to minimize the number of trials during experimentation without compromising on the quality of data collected, a Taguchi L16 array was employed. A quadratic regression equation revealed that for an effective flush, a threshold quantity of water of approximately 1.2 litres is required. Additionally, the weight of waste flushed out was maximum when the valve opening and flush actuation were in synchrony. Three dimensional surface and contour plots were generated to visualize and draw inferences about the effect of the input parameters on the amount of waste flushed. This novel design can be implemented in squat and sitting commodes alike. With a simple yet robust design, the hyperboloid mechanism vies to make flushing a more sustainable process. A large-scale adoption of the same is envisaged to lead to global water and energy savings.","PeriodicalId":350012,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123082280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault Detection and Segmentation in Medium Voltage AC Microgrid by Using Differential Protection Principle","authors":"Sittinan Muanchaona, J. Singh","doi":"10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113531","url":null,"abstract":"A microgrid is composed of a variety of energy components: distributed generators (DG), especially renewable energy and energy storage systems. Integration of DGs can significantly improve the power system's reliability, reducing the power outage duration. A distribution medium voltage (MV) system without DGs is essentially a single-point feeding source network, with overcurrent relays frequently employed to detect a fault. Overcurrent relays operate as primary and backup protection with current-graded time in a typical radial distribution network protection method. On the other hand, the protection aspect becomes one of major issues when DGs are integrated into the power system. In a microgrid, the fault current characteristic differs in isolated and grid-connected modes due to differences in power network topology, making the microgrid protection approach more difficult. The protection strategy in the microgrid should be designed to provide optimal protection to the component and the DGs based on the location of the fault occurrence, bidirectional power flow, change in voltage profile, location of DGs, type of DGs such as synchronous or inverter based DGs and uncertainty in the DGs. Therefore, this paper addresses the challenges of microgrid protection by proposing a methodology to detect and segment the fault area based on the differential protection principle. The performance of the proposed method is assessed by DIgSILENT PowerFactory simulation. The simulation results show that the differential protection-based method is able to detect and isolate the fault incident as smallest as possible.","PeriodicalId":350012,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125926806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Capacity of Water Lettuce, Water Hyacinth and Hydrilla in Domestic Wastewater of Sri Lankan Households","authors":"A. Amarakoon, W. Wijesinghe","doi":"10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113462","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic wastewater is one of the major issues for eutrophication due to its high nutrient content. To address it, the wetland wastewater treatment system can be applied as a low-cost and onsite treatment method. The current study focused on the households of Sri Lanka. Nitrate and Phosphate removal capacity of the three macrophytes; Water Lettuce, Water Hyacinth, and Hydrilla were observed on the laboratory scale in rainy and non-rainy seasons. In the non-rainy season, 1: 1 dilution is needed for raw domestic wastewater to enter the wetland system because macrophytes tend to die off without dilution due to high nutrient concentration. Water Lettuce > Water Hyacinth> Hydrilla effectively removes the Nitrate concentration in 90%, 78%, and 52% respectively, and Phosphate concentration in 85%, 72%, and 68% respectively within a 9-day retention period. In the rainy season, 1: 1 dilution was used and macrophytes took a 3-day retention period to get nutrient removal until reaching permissible levels. Water Lettuce> Water Hyacinth > Hydrilla removed the Nitrate concentration at 88%, 80%, and 64% respectively, and Phosphate concentration at 91%, 80%, and 70% respectively. Water Lettuce is the most effective nutrient removal macrophyte within these three macrophytes which can treat domestic wastewater up to the permissible level within a 9-day retention period in the non-rainy season and a 3-day retention period in the rainy season.","PeriodicalId":350012,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125025801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Sky Terrace Locations on Pedestrian Ventilation and Air Quality in High-Density Areas Using CFD Simulation","authors":"Titi Chauytong, Daranee Jareemit, Jiying Liu","doi":"10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE55325.2022.10113507","url":null,"abstract":"Urban ventilation significantly alleviates heat accumulation, removes air pollution, and provides outdoor thermal comfort for pedestrians in cities. Due to urbanization, a high density of building clusters can block wind flows and decrease wind velocity in the city's inner areas, which leads to uncomfortable conditions and poor air quality. Several urban morphology designs, including increasing open space and reducing the building height and degree of enclosure, could promote natural ventilation for pedestrians in urban areas. However, with the high demand for land and property prices in high-density and compact cities, such design features might not be suitable. Building permeability via sky terraces has been implemented in Hong Kong and Singapore to promote urban ventilation in high-density areas. However, there is little research on how the sky terrace locations and their application in multiple buildings could affect pedestrian wind comfort and air quality. This study investigated the effect of sky terraces of three different heights on improving air ventilation and air pollution dispersion in the central business area of Bangkok, Thailand. The wind environment and age of air were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The results showed that the sky terraces significantly improved the air quality at the pedestrian level, and more areas had higher wind speeds and achieved wind comfort conditions. Lower-level sky terraces impacted the pedestrian wind environment more than upper-level ones. Accelerated wind passage through the bottom-level sky terraces could change local wind patterns, reducing pedestrian wind speed and comfort in some areas. The current study introduces the potential benefits and limited applications of sky terraces in a cluster of high-rise buildings to improve urban ventilation performance in a high-density area.","PeriodicalId":350012,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129222752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}