Drunk on GenocidePub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0005
Edward B. Westermann
{"title":"Alcohol and Sexual Violence","authors":"Edward B. Westermann","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reveals the widespread sexual predation by German forces on women, especially Jewish women, in the occupied eastern territories. The issue of sexual violence offers one of the clearest expressions of the ways in which geography, war, and the colonial mentality of the perpetrators allowed for the transgression of Nazi racial strictures in the East. It assesses how the acts of sexual violence by SS and police forces were commonplace in spite of the Nazi regime's own prohibition against racial defilement (Rassenschande), an act punishable by death or imprisonment. The chapter unveils numerous examples of drunken SS personnel and local auxiliaries operating in the concentration camps, the ghettos of the East, and the killing fields who sexually brutalized women, both Jews and Slavs, on a large scale. Ultimately, the chapter explains how the intersection between alcohol consumption, aggression, and male bravado found repeated expression in crimes of sexual violence in the East.","PeriodicalId":349980,"journal":{"name":"Drunk on Genocide","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124177365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drunk on GenocidePub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0008
Edward B. Westermann
{"title":"Alcohol and the German Army","authors":"Edward B. Westermann","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the idea of a comradeship that was established by sharing in intoxicating acts of obliteration that encompassed the most atrocious manifestations of human behavior. It analyses the linkage between intoxication, fury, and destruction that existed in the German army prior to the rise of National Socialism. The Wehrmacht, like its SS and police counterparts, also had a distinct organizational culture, and this culture was defined by specific beliefs, norms, and rituals, including hard drinking, that reinforced group identity and established expectations of its members. For such distinguished organizational culture, the chapter presents how this military culture established a “cult of violence” and created a trajectory for the armies of the Third Reich leading to genocide in World War II. Ultimately, the chapter investigates the racial superiority and a colonial mentality created following the maelstrom of violence inflicted on the peoples of the occupied East.","PeriodicalId":349980,"journal":{"name":"Drunk on Genocide","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123544555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drunk on GenocidePub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0003
Edward B. Westermann
{"title":"Rituals of Humiliation","authors":"Edward B. Westermann","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter evaluates the significance of ritual and symbolism to the construction and manifestation of power under National Socialism. It underlines the importance of practices such as the mammoth party rallies at Nuremberg, the universal displays of the swastika on flags, pins, and armbands and the ubiquitous use of “Heil Hitler” as the standard greeting of the Third Reich under the Nazi regime. The chapter also contends that the creation of Nazi power was accomplished in no small measure by the use of ritual, and, in fact, ritual in the Third Reich served as an expression of “social power” that extended into virtually all aspects of German society. These celebratory events of Nazi power involved daily acts of verbal or physical humiliation of Jews, communists, and socialists, as well as organized and exemplary episodes of abusive behavior. Ultimately, the chapter studies the symbiotic relationship between violence, competition, and male comradeship and how it became manifest in the actions, rituals, and celebratory practices of Nazi paramilitary organizations through acts of humiliation by SS and policemen on the streets, in the concentration camps, and in the killing fields.","PeriodicalId":349980,"journal":{"name":"Drunk on Genocide","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114630591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drunk on GenocidePub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0007
Edward B. Westermann
{"title":"Alcohol, Auxiliaries, and Mass Murder","authors":"Edward B. Westermann","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on other perpetrators, including Wehrmacht soldiers, non-German auxiliaries, and local policemen who engaged in acts of brutality and mass murder often in very similar ways. It discusses how foreign auxiliaries, whether serving in German Security or Order Police units, in the labor and death camps in Poland, or with armed formations of the Waffen-SS and the Wehrmacht, proved a key adjunct to overstretched German forces and critical instruments for mass murder in the East. The chapter also explains how the act of heavy alcohol consumption at village taverns and rural communities of Eastern Europe intertwined perceptions of masculinity and antisemitism. It details the roles of widespread abuse of alcohol among the auxiliaries in the murder of the Jews. The plundering of Jewish goods was an important part of the killing and celebratory ritual among the auxiliaries. Ultimately, the chapter emphasizes how ethnic auxiliaries and local policemen integrated alcohol consumption into their daily routine and discusses its impact on cultural perceptions of masculinity.","PeriodicalId":349980,"journal":{"name":"Drunk on Genocide","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114636928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drunk on GenocidePub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0004
Edward B. Westermann
{"title":"Taking Trophies and Hunting Jews","authors":"Edward B. Westermann","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754197.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter highlights the practice of trophy taking, dispossession, and atrocity in the borderlands of Eastern Europe during World War II. The taking of trophies from an enemy during wartime, like the conduct of atrocity, has been a recurrent practice throughout history. The chapter presents numerous forms of the act of trophy taking, including snapping photographs, plundering personal effects, and confiscating the teeth or hair of the victims. The chapter looks at how perpetrators' creation of killing games and the integration of hunting rituals offer insights into the ways in which racial ideology became intertwined with conceptions of masculinity and acts of mass murder. The organization of these deadly “games” provides another clear indication of the enjoyment taken by some SS men in the performance of their duties and their shared bonds established through group violence. The chapter reveals a mentality that facilitated and normalized mass murder.","PeriodicalId":349980,"journal":{"name":"Drunk on Genocide","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123425115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drunk on GenocidePub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1515/9781501754210-009
{"title":"7. Alcohol and the German Army","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501754210-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501754210-009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":349980,"journal":{"name":"Drunk on Genocide","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130839917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drunk on GenocidePub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1515/9781501754210-010
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501754210-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501754210-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":349980,"journal":{"name":"Drunk on Genocide","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134600039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drunk on GenocidePub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1515/9781501754210-013
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501754210-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501754210-013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":349980,"journal":{"name":"Drunk on Genocide","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125383456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drunk on GenocidePub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1515/9781501754210-008
{"title":"6. Alcohol, Auxiliaries, and Mass Murder","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501754210-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501754210-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":349980,"journal":{"name":"Drunk on Genocide","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125590446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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