Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University最新文献

{"title":"Spectrum of biopsied oral and maxillofacial lesions in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"S. Raza, Sufyan Ahmed, Maryam Zafar","doi":"10.37018/mtrk5234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/mtrk5234","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The burden of benign and malignant maxillofacial lesions in developing countries has increased rapidly over the years. Objective of this study was to provide a spectrum of oral and maxillofacial lesions biopsied in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan and to contribute in baseline data of target population. \u0000Patients and methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was made of biopsies performed in patients presenting to OPD of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi, Pakistan, between July 2018 till June 2020. A total of 652 patients belonging to either gender, 18-75 years of age, incisional or excisional biopsy were included. Recurrent or previously diagnosed lesions and patients not willing to give informed consent were excluded. Data including age, gender, site and histopathological diagnosis was recorded on a performa. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 26. \u0000Result: Out of 652 biopsies performed, (82.9%, n=541) belonged to soft tissues and (17.1%, n=111) were hard tissue lesions. The mean age of patients was 41.82 years, with a male to female ratio of 2.9:1. The most frequent sites biopsied were buccal mucosa (50.9%, n=332) and posterior mandible (10.6%, n=69). Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (55.1%, n=359) was the most commonly reported soft tissue lesion with major involved sites buccal mucosa (74.4%, n=267), dentoalveolar mucosa (8%, n=29) and lateral border of tongue (7.2%, n=26) and for hard tissue the most common lesion was ameloblastoma of posterior mandible (3.5%, n=23). \u0000Conclusion: This study provides useful information about distribution of oral and maxillofacial lesions and highlights OSCC as the single most frequent diagnosis involving a much younger male population.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122910892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of toluidine blue in early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"M. Chishty, Malik Ali Hassan Sajid, Shoaib Younus, U. Haq","doi":"10.37018/lxye5273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/lxye5273","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Indian sub-continent (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh) is one of the high-risk populations for oral cancer cases. Intraoral screening is critical to diagnosis and treating oral cancer at an early stage for a better prognosis. Among the diagnostic adjuncts, toluidine blue staining is considered a simplistic, cost-effective, and highly sensitive method. The objective of the current study was to find out the diagnostic accuracy of toluidine blue in the early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. \u0000Patients and methods: This prospective observational study was undertaken at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College from15-09-2019 to 15-03-2020 after getting approval from IRB.  Based on inclusion criteria, a sample size of 100 was calculated and enrolled in the study. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was utilized. Oral staining of 100 patients was done with 1% toluidine blue on an OPD basis, and incisional biopsies were then performed. Staining pattern and histopathology reports of patients were evaluated to assess the diagnostic accuracy \u0000Results: The study results revealed the sensitivity of Toluidine Blue as 89.87%, and specificity of toluidine blue was found as 76.19%. Positive and negative predictive values of Toluidine Blue remained 93.42% and 66.67%, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Toluidine blue has good diagnostic accuracy for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130028996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of retinal hemorrhage after thrombolysis with streptokinase in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A single-center experience at a large tertiary care center in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Sarmad Zahoor, H. Mahboob, H. M. Jehangir, Bilal Mehmood, Aleena Khan, Usama Iqbal","doi":"10.37018/bxos4371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/bxos4371","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase is the mainstay of pharmacological treatment in acute myocardial infarction in Pakistan. Retinal hemorrhage is a common complication of streptokinase-induced thrombolysis and is often overlooked which can lead to permanent vision loss. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the frequency of retinal hemorrhage after thrombolysis with streptokinase in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). \u0000Patients and methods: It was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted at the Emergency Department of Mayo Hospital Lahore from 11-08-2015 to 10-02-2016. The patients underwent injection of streptokinase (1.5 million U) intravenously over 60 min and intravenous heparin 5,000 U bolus followed by 1,000 U/hour. Then patients were followed up for 24 hours followed by the ophthalmoscopy to confirm the presence of retinal hemorrhage. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. \u0000Results: A total of 130 patients were included in this study. The mean age of patients was 62±9.86 years. The male to female ratio was 1.6:1. The retinal hemorrhage was present in 17 (13.08%) patients. About 80 (61.5%) were diabetics and 96 (73.8%) were hypertensive. Stratified variables like age, gender, hypertension, and diabetes were not found associated with retinal hemorrhage (p-value ≥0.05).   \u0000Conclusion: Retinal hemorrhage was found in 13.08% after streptokinase injection in patients presenting with STEMI. Although the association was statistically insignificant but still the proportion of retinal hemorrhage was substantially high in these patients. This higher percentage demands vigilant monitoring with the drug for timely diagnosis of this ignored complication which latter can be proved hazardous to the vision.  ","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128882431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of outcomes between intra-articular tranexamic acid versus intravenous tranexamic acid in unilateral knee joint replacement","authors":"Mumraiz Naqshaband, Muhammd Taqi, S. Ashraf, F. Masood, M. Akhtar, M. Nadeem, Javaid Hassan Raza, R. Nadeem","doi":"10.37018/exbo5236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/exbo5236","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The goal of this research was to assess the effectiveness and safety of intra-articular tranexamic acid (TA) with intravenous (IV) TA in reducing perioperative blood loss, the severity of early postoperative problems, and venous thromboembolism in patients who have had a primary unilateral cemented total knee replacement. \u0000Patients and methods: This comparative study was undertaken using a non-probability purposive sampling technique at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Edward Medical University / Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from July 1st, 2018 to October 30th, 2019. A total of number 71 patients, aged 35 to 75 years, who underwent unilateral cemented total knee replacement for advanced knee osteoarthritis were included in the study.  Patients who had known allergic reactions to tranexamic acid, risk factors of thromboembolism, severe kidney and heart diseases, and blood clotting disorders were excluded. The patients were divided into two groups, A and B. Pre-operatively, patients in Group A were given intraarticular tranexamic acid (3000mg). In Group B, intravenous tranexamic acid (10mg/kg) was given pre-operatively. Outcome parameters studied were drained blood (DB), level of hemoglobin (Hb), blood transfusion (BT), and hematocrit (Hct) after 48 hours of surgery and compared with the preoperative value. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Independent sample T-test was applied to compare the hematocrit and hemoglobin difference in the two groups, and the P-value was taken less than 0.05 as significant. \u0000Results: Out of the total 36 patients in Group A, there were 20 (55.5%) males and 16 (44.4%) females, while amongst 35 patients in Group B, there were 21 (60%) males and 14 (40%) females. The mean preoperative Haemoglobin (Hb) in Group A was 13.9+1.2 and 13.8+0.9 in Group B (p = 0.44). The mean postoperative Hb in Group A was 12.11±2.47 and 11.24 ± 3.52 in Group B (p = 0.002). The mean variation of Hct in Group A was 4.49 and 6.82 in Group B (p = 0.001). \u0000Conclusion: Intra-articular tranexamic acid during total knee joint replacement is a viable alternative to the established intravenous tranexamic acid with statistically significant high postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115489774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture and sensitivity patterns of bacteriological agents in children admitted to a tertiary care hospital","authors":"S. Naz, A. Mushtaq, Sobia Qamar, Nazeela Zia, Aisha Iftikhar, Fazaila Jabeen","doi":"10.37018/gxew6797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/gxew6797","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Culture from various infected body fluids is one of the commonly used investigations to establish the etiology of infections and helps clinicians to select appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This study is aimed to determine the culture and sensitivity patterns of bacteriological agents grown in children admitted to a tertiary care center. \u0000Patients and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore from April 2019 to December 2019. All admitted children of age £ 15 years who fulfilled the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis were enrolled in the study. Blood and other body fluids were cultured in appropriate medium as indicated. Profile of microorganisms grown and their sensitivity patterns were noted and recorded on a predesigned data sheet. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS v.22. \u0000Results: A total of 500 patients were enrolled in the study. Eighty-three of them (16.6%) had growth of different microorganisms on culture and were further analyzed. Total 58 of these 83 (69.87%) were <5 years of age, Male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Blood culture was positive in 36 patients (43.37%). Cultures from throat swabs, sputum and tracheal secretions showed growth of organisms in 15 (18.10%), while cerebrospinal fluid culture was positive in 14 (16.87%) and urine culture in 11 (13.25%). Microorganism isolated were: Klebsiella spp. (15.66%), Salmonella spp. (14.45%), Escherichia coli (13.25%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.04%), Acinetobacter (12.04%), Streptococcus pyogenes (10.84%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.84%), Enterobacter spp. (7.23%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (3.61%). Klebsiella spp. and E. coli showed resistant to various antibiotics including penicillin, co-amoxiclav, cephalosporin, fluoroquinolones and nalidixic acid. Salmonella spp. was mostly sensitive to meropenem and azithromycin. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to cephalosporin, amikacin, vancomycin and linezolid. \u0000Conclusion: Commonest micro-organism isolated were Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics was observed in most cultures, which is a whistle blower against inappropriate use of these drugs.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"22 6S 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133231568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of parents of hearing-impaired children about the importance of speech-language therapeutic interventions","authors":"Nazia T. Sheikh, Bareera Saeed, A. Rehman, S. Khan, Maddhia Tufail","doi":"10.37018/vauo4413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/vauo4413","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The importance of parental involvement of hearing-impaired children in their child's speech therapy cannot be denied.  The current study aimed to determine parental awareness and involvement in the Speech-language therapeutic interventions of hearing-impaired children. \u0000Subjects and methods: This was a cross-sectional study design, and a purposive sampling technique was used. Data were collected from 45 parents (male=32, female=13) of hearing-impaired children whose children received speech therapy from special education centers and schools of Gujranwala. The duration of the study was nine months, from June 2019 to February 2020. A related questionnaire was developed with the literature, and expert opinions (Cronbach's α=0.894) were used to assess parental awareness and involvement in speech therapeutic interventions. Data entered and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographic variables (age, gender) of the participants. Frequency and percentage were used to access the awareness and involvement of the parents of hearing-impaired children. \u0000Results: Parental awareness survey showed that a total of 15 (33.3%) parents, both mother, and father, strongly agreed, and 24 (53.3%) agreed that speech therapy would be beneficial for their child. And results related to parents' involvement showed that 21 (46.7%) parents, both mother, and father, agreed, and 15 (33.3%) strongly agreed on their child's active involvement in speech therapy plans. \u0000Conclusions: The study concluded that most parents understand the importance of parental awareness and involvement in the therapeutic intervention of hearing-impaired children.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114320747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic brain injury of childhood","authors":"A. hameed","doi":"10.37018/zncr2683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/zncr2683","url":null,"abstract":"It is a common observation, and very unfortunate one, that only the driver wears or “bears” helmets on motorbikes. None of the other passengers, especially children, are supposed to be protected against head injury. The same callous attitude is observed in cars where children are sometimes sitting in the lap of the front seater without tightening with the seat belt. Kids are thrown in the air to recatch them for pleasure or shaken severely. At times intentionally or unintentionally abused and hit or slapped on head or face without understanding how much harm is posed to them psychologically and physically. “Children are not mini-adults.” Their unique unprotected anatomy and premature physiology make them vulnerable to catastrophic permanent damage and even death. \u0000          Traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently occurs in young people. It remains the most common cause of disability and death between the ages 1 and 45.1 TBI cases are increasing rapidly in Pakistan with the increase in population and poor domestic, road, and sports safety considerations.1,2 Falls from height remain on top while reviewing the modes of injury followed by road traffic accidents. Child abuse is increasingly observed important reason for a head injury, especially in infants and young children, as they are more vulnerable and dependent on adults.2 Abusive head trauma (AHT) is unfortunately common in children up to two years. These children may appear with drowsiness, delayed milestones, seizures, and intracranial traumas of different stages of healing. Other associated injuries may be retinal bleeds, multiple rib fractures, and long bone fractures of different stages of recovery. Child abuse should be promptly identified and appropriately reported. \u0000          Children are different from adults and more vulnerable to traumatic brain injuries because of their proportionately larger head, low blood circulating volume, and thin osteo-fibrous non-rigid skull. More watery and less myelinated brain, non-aerated paranasal sinuses, and less CSF cushion to protect shaking and damage. Children are also vulnerable to TBI during the birth process. During normal delivery and especially \u0000  \u0000DOI: https://doi.org/10.37018/ZNCR2683 \u0000difficult instrument-assisted births neonates are left with various types of intracranial hemorrhages. Cephalic and subgaleal hematomas are not uncommonly seen. This is due to increased flexibility or decreased rigidity of the neonatal skull. This increased elasticity of premature skull caused some degree of skull deformation in small children when they are shacked. The irregular base of the skull, especially in the anterior and middle cranial fossa, and the absence of adequate CSF cushion and watery consistency of the brain make it vulnerable to “shaken baby syndrome.” When a child is severely shacked, stretching and shearing forces may tear vessels and cause contusions in brain parenchyma. It may end up in subdural hematomas and intraparenchymal contusions.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130991726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the causative factors that lead to rejection of hearing aids among young adults having moderate to severe degree sensorineural hearing loss","authors":"Hafiz Muhammad Usama Basheer, A. Rehman, H. Waseem, Wajeeha Zaib","doi":"10.37018/mywb9397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/mywb9397","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hearing loss in young adulthood causes real stigma and a state of denial. The crucial clinical management to sustain the hearing loss is hearing aid fitting, but most adult people reject it or do not use it. Many factors, including social, personal, and device problems, lessen the usage of hearing aid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the causative factors which can lead to the rejection of hearing aids.  \u0000Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional survey carried out in 9 cities of Punjab, Pakistan, using a convenient sampling technique during summer 2018. A total of 171 participants were included who were young adults ranging from 19-40 years. A questionnaire with 11 factors and a further 35 sub-reasons was given to the participants. Questions were close-ended in yes or no. Data were analyzed through frequency and percentages tabulation with SPSS software. \u0000Results: Results showed that hearing aid value/speech clarity was the most problematic reason for patients to reject hearing aid. The given factor had four sub-reasons ('noisy situation,' 'poor benefit,' 'poor sound quality, and 'not suitable for the type of hearing loss). A total number n=154 (90.05%) marked yes for facing poor sound quality followed by poor benefit n=141 (82.45%), not suitable for the type of hearing loss n=121 (70.76%) and noisy situation n=118 (69.00%), thus making hearing aid value the leading cause of rejection. The second leading cause was financial factors followed by situational factors, appearance, fit and comfort, device factors, psychosocial factors, ear infections, care and maintenance, attitude, and family pressure to use a hearing aid.  \u0000Conclusion: Most prevalent cause of not taking up a hearing aid is the hearing aid value followed by financial factors, situational factors, appearance, fit, and comfort.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114960278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental compliance for speech therapy of their hearing-impaired children using cochlear implants","authors":"Amna Asghar, Tayyaba Dawood, Ghulam Saulain, Aqsa Irum, Rabia Khan, Hina Saeed Ch, Noreen Anwar","doi":"10.37018/hkzn3939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/hkzn3939","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cochlear implant is a miraculous surgery to improve hearing in profound hearing-impaired children who derive no benefit from hearing aids and consequently present with speech and language disability. This study aims to explore the parental perspective regarding compliance to speech therapy and its potential benefit in hearing-impaired children with cochlear implantation. This will help understand parental concerns and plan recommendations for providing appropriate speech therapy sessions after cochlear implantation. \u0000Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study using purposive sampling recruited 217 parents of hearing impaired cochlear implanted children of both genders, aged 1 to 15 years. Sample was collected from Audiology Department of Riphah International University, Combined Military Hospital, Bahria Town Hospital and Alam Audiology Clinic, Lahore, Pakistan over a period of 6 months. Basic demographic sheet and self-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. SPSS Version 22 was used for data analysis. \u0000Results: Results revealed that both parents of 120 (55.3%) male and 97 (44.7%) female cochlear implanted children entered the study. A poor compliance was noted with only 88(40.55%) parents got their children consulted with a speech therapist for post implant needs and of these only 75 (84.23%) received regular speech therapy. There was significant association of those who received hearing aid trial and consultation to speech therapist (p=0.01) and length of speech therapy with regular therapy sessions (p=0.03), speech language improvement with the thought that regular speech therapy was important (p=0.04) \u0000Conclusion: By and large parents are not very compliant to speech therapy needs of their implanted children with only 40.55% consulted speech language therapists and remaining remained indifferent. Of the 40.55% who consulted speech language therapists 84.23% followed speech therapy for their children. Study also revealed a significant relationship between regular speech therapy sessions and early speech and language development.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122413297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of insomnia and anxiety in university students during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Ameer Hamza Mahmood-ul-Hassan, Abdul Sannan, Nehala Nooz, Ansa Ramay, Muhammad Huzaifa, S. M. Zaidi, Ayesha Mahmood-ul-Hassan","doi":"10.37018/raux7717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/raux7717","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The world is facing COVID-19 pandemic and almost 70% of the world had gone under Lockdown. People are facing stress, insomnia and anxiety. The lack of basic awareness and spread of fake news are common causes of all these issues. This study was done to determine the prevalence of insomnia and anxiety in medical and non-medical students. \u0000Subjects and methods: Subjects were approached through friends in universities using WhatsApp. People having insomnia and anxiety before quarantine were excluded from this study. People using anti-depressants and anti-psychotics before quarantine were also excluded from this study. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 965 students of medical and non-medical universities in the cities of Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Consent was taken for using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Insomnia Severity Index for scoring of anxiety and insomnia respectively. An online questionnaire made in Google forms was used for data collection. Independent t-tests, Pearson Correlation and Regression analysis were performed using SPSS v25. \u0000Results: Increased prevalence of anxiety and insomnia in non-medical students as compared to the medical students was observed. There was statistically significant strong correlation between anxiety and insomnia of the enrolled subjects (r=0.742, p<0.001). A linear regression equation was formulated. Increased prevalence of anxiety and insomnia in females was also determined. \u0000Conclusion: Non-medical students, compared to medical students, among which, females, compared to males, were more likely to suffer from anxiety and insomnia during lockdown.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124455421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}