EPPO Bulletin最新文献_第5页

PP 1/335 (1) Seed wasps in almonds, pistachios and plums PP 1/335(1)杏仁、开心果和李子中的种子黄蜂

EPPO Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1111/epp.13042

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum: EPPO Standard PM 5/6 (1) EPPO prioritization process for invasive alien plants 更正：EPPO标准PM 5/6(1)入侵外来植物的EPPO优先排序流程

EPPO Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1111/epp.13052

{"title":"Corrigendum: EPPO Standard PM 5/6 (1) EPPO prioritization process for invasive alien plants","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13052","url":null,"abstract":"The EPPO Panel on Invasive Alien Plants would like to update some information presented in EPPO Standard PM 5/6 (1) EPPO Prioritization Process for Invasive Alien Plants (EPPO, 2012a).In PM 5/6, the references to the EPPO Standard PM 3/67 Guidelines for the management of invasive alien plants or potentially invasive alien plants which are intended for import or have been intentionally imported should be deleted. The Standard was withdrawn in 2023.The references to ISPM no. 11 (Pest Risk Analyses for Quarantine Pests including analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms) should be changed to ISPM 11 Pest Risk Analyses for Quarantine Pests.The text which states:‘The guidelines on pest risk analysis of EPPO Standard PM 5/3 Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests should be followed for the performance of a PRA’.should be replaced by.‘The guidelines on pest risk analysis of EPPO Standard PM 5/3 Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests may be followed for the performance of a PRA or, for a simplified scheme, the EPPO Standard PM 5/5 Decision-support scheme for an Express Pest Risk Analysis (EPPO, 2012b), and the additional guidance can be used.’The reference to EPPO Plant Quarantine Data Retrieval system (PQR) should be changed to EPPO Global Database: https://gd.eppo.int/. This resource should be used to cross-check the validity of species names cited in the Standard.\u0000 Other specific updates\u0000 Additional resources to assess the distribution and origin of plants include:Plants of the World Online: https://powo.science.kew.org/The World Flora Online: https://www.worldfloraonline.org/Reference to specific EUNIS habitat types has been updated and the following website should be consulted for up-to-date classifications: https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/Köppen-Geiger high-resolution maps have been recently updated for six approximately 30- year periods within 1901-2099: https://www.gloh2o.org/koppen/For up-to-date maps of biogeographical regions in Europe consulate: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/biogeographical-regions-in-europe-2The DAISIE database is available via https://www.gbif.org/dataset/39f36f10-559b-427f-8c86-2d28afff68caThe Global Invasive Species Information Network (GISIN) website is no longer available.The Global Invasive Species database is available via https://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/An additional resource for introduced and invasive species is the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species: https://griis.org/","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PP 1/131 (4) Diaspididae scales on pome and stone fruits PP 1/131(4)梨果和核果上的水蛭科鳞片

EPPO Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1111/epp.13041

引用次数: 0

PP 1/336 (1) Efficacy evaluation of herbicides used with mechanical weeders PP 1/336(1)与机械除草机一起使用除草剂的效果评价

EPPO Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/epp.13043

引用次数: 0

PP 1/334 (1) Evaluation of mating disruption techniques against Lepidopteran pests in vegetable and ornamental crops under protected conditions (1)保护条件下蔬菜和观赏作物鳞翅目害虫交配中断技术的评价

EPPO Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/epp.13038

{"title":"PP 1/334 (1) Evaluation of mating disruption techniques against Lepidopteran pests in vegetable and ornamental crops under protected conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13038","url":null,"abstract":"Specific scope: This Standard describes the conduct of trials for the efficacy evaluation of mating disruption techniques using synthetic sexual pheromones to control Lepidoptera species in vegetable and ornamental crops under protected conditions. The term ‘protected conditions’ in this Standard refers to greenhouses and high semi-open structures, such as walk-in tunnels. The Standard should be read in conjunction with the general principles described in PP 1/264 Principles of efficacy evaluation for mating disruption pheromones and in PP 1/296 Principles of efficacy evaluation for low-risk plant protection products.Specific approval and amendment: First approved in 2024–09.The results should be reported in a systematic form and the report should include an analysis and evaluation. Original (raw) data should be available. Statistical analysis should normally be used, by appropriate methods which should be indicated. If statistical analysis is not used, this should be justified. See EPPO Standard PP 1/152 Design and analysis of efficacy evaluation trials.","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"55 1","pages":"20-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PM 9/32 (1) Solanum carolinense

EPPO Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/epp.13048

{"title":"PM 9/32 (1) Solanum carolinense","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13048","url":null,"abstract":"Specific scope: This Standard describes the control procedures aiming to monitor, contain, and eradicate Solanum carolinense.Specific approval and amendment: First approved in 2024–09.Solanum carolinense (Solanaceae) is a perennial herb native to North America (Wahlert et al., 2015). The species has several weedy attributes (e.g., reproduces vegetatively, rapid growth, prolific seed production, grows in a variety of biotic and abiotic conditions) (Bassett & Munro, 1986). The species was introduced into the EPPO region most likely in the middle of the 20th century.Solanum carolinense is regarded to be a major agricultural problem. It is a common weed in many crops and pastures and affects crop yield and quality (Follak, 2020; Van Wychen, 2020), it is considered toxic to livestock (Bassett & Munro, 1986) and a host to many crop diseases and pests (Wahlert et al., 2015).In the EPPO region, S. carolinense occurs in different habitats including banks of major rivers (e.g. the Waal; Dirkse et al., 2007), ruderal habitats (e.g. roadsides, port areas; Pérez et al., 2020), pastures and crop fields (Follak, 2020; Klingenhagen et al., 2012). The spread of S. carolinense is largely driven by human activities. Propagules of S. carolinense can be spread by agricultural machinery with contaminated soil attached both within fields and from field-to-field. Additionally, management and/or construction works in habitats that act as corridors for spread (e.g. roadsides) may facilitate the spread of the species (Follak, 2020; Wehtje et al., 1987). The establishment of S. carolinense by root fragments is assumed to be very successful, as the species can grow vegetatively from very small fragments (Ilnicki & Fertig, 1962; Miyazaki, 2008).In 2022, S. carolinense was added to the EPPO A2 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests (EPPO, 2022a). The species is regulated by a number of EPPO countries (EPPO, 2022b), such as Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Jordan, Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan (all A1 List) as well as in Belarus and Israel (Quarantine pest) and Georgia (A2 List).Further information on the biology, distribution and economic importance of Solanum carolinense can be found in Wahlert et al. (2015) and EPPO (2022b).EPPO member countries at risk are advised to prepare monitoring activities and a contingency plan for the eradication and containment of this pest.Regional cooperation is important, and it is recommended that countries should communicate with their neighbours to exchange views on the best programme to implement, in order to achieve the regional goal of preventing fur","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"338-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Hance ex F.Muell 紫荆芥约翰·米尔

EPPO Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/epp.13044

{"title":"Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Hance ex F.Muell","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13044","url":null,"abstract":"Preferred name: Zizania latifoliaOther scientific names: Hydropyrum latifolium Griseb., Zizania dahurica Turcz. ex Steud., Zizania aquatica var. latifolia (Griseb.) Kom., Zizania mezii Prodoehl, Zizania caduciflora Hand. Mazz., Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex StapfTaxonomic position: Phylum Magnoliophyta, Class: Monocotyledoneae, Order: Poales, Family: PoaceaeCommon names: Manchurian wild riceEPPO Code: ZIZLAPhytosanitary categorization: EPPO A2 List no. 461.EPPO region: Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Georgia, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Russia (non-native: Central Russia, European Russia, Southern Russia; native: Russian Far East and Eastern Siberia), Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom,Asia: Armenia, China (native: Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Assam, Manipur), Indonesia (Java), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa), Malaysia (Borneo), Mongolia, Korea (Democratic Peoples Republic of and Republic of), Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam.North America: Canada (British Columbia), USA (Hawaii).Oceania: New Zealand.Zizania latifolia is native to Eastern Siberia, and the Russian Far East (Afonin et al., 2008; Komarov, 1934; Tzvelev, 1976; Tzvelev & Probatova, 2019). In these areas, the species is distributed sporadically in the natural environment. Native populations of Z. latifolia are also distributed in the east of China along a wide stretch of latitudinal zones (21–50° N). The species can be found in the river basins of the Heilongjiang, Liaohe, Huanghe and Yangtze Rivers (Chen et al., 2017; Wagutu et al., 2022; Yang et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2016). Z. latifolia has been domesticated and is cultivated in China as an aquatic vegetable (Guo et al., 2007). At present, in China, Z. latifolia is cultivated on more than 60 000 ha (Xie et al., 2023).In the invasive range, Z. latifolia is locally established in New Zealand in the North Island, namely in Northland, Auckland, Waikato, and Wellington (Freshwater Pests of New Zealand, 2020; New Zealand Plant Conservation Network, 2023). In North America, Z. latifolia is considered established in Hawaii on the islands of Kauai, likely on Oahu, and Hawaii Island. One location has been detected in Canada, British Columbia in 2004 where it is locally abundant in shallow tidal water along the edges of Widgeon Slough on Siwash Island (https://search.museums.ualberta.ca/12-116227).In the EPPO region, Z. latifolia has been intentionally i","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"355-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PP 1/331 (1) Principles of efficacy extrapolations for major uses PP 1/331(1)主要用途的功效推断原则

EPPO Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/epp.13035

{"title":"PP 1/331 (1) Principles of efficacy extrapolations for major uses","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13035","url":null,"abstract":"This Standard describes the principles to be followed when considering effectiveness and crop safety extrapolations of plant protection products applied for major uses. The aim is to reduce the need for trial data on individual major crop and major pest situations, while maintaining appropriate data sets by describing the general principles that should be considered in making extrapolations. The Standard provides guidance for regulatory authorities and applicants in the context of the registration of plant protection products, and for the development of detailed lists of acceptable extrapolations. The Standard does not cover plant growth regulators (PGR) and plant defence inducers. Extrapolations of identical uses between different formulations of the same product are outside the scope of this Standard.1First approved in 2024–09.EPPO Standard PP 1/257 Efficacy and crop safety extrapolations for minor uses describes principles of extrapolation for minor uses and is used to support the development of a detailed list of acceptable minor uses extrapolations presented in the EPPO Database on PPP Extrapolation.2 The principles described in the current Standard are closely aligned to PP 1/257 but are specifically aimed at major uses, where a key consideration is a need for a robust dataset for a major use in order to extrapolate to other major uses. The definition of a ‘robust’ dataset, and how to generate the data, is provided in EPPO Standards PP 1/214 Principles of acceptable efficacy, with the number of trials for major uses described in PP 1/226 Number of efficacy trials. The use of data in a zonal context is described in EPPO Standard PP 1/278 Principles of zonal data production and evaluation.The definition of ‘major uses’ varies between EPPO countries and there is no harmonized definition for the whole EPPO region. Key determinants include factors such as market values and area covered and distribution of the proposed crops, the pest impact and the scale of use of the applied plant protection products. Examples of extrapolations of major pests (with multiple host crops) in minor crops are presented in the minor use EPPO Extrapolation Database for a number of pests (including nematodes, slugs and spider mites) with multiple hosts. Extrapolations may be used either to allow an existing authorisation to be extended to include additional crops (or, in the case of herbicides, other non-crop uses) or pests in the absence of specific data, or to reduce the extent of the data package that would normally be required to support another use. Further information is available in EPPO Standard PP 1/226 Number of Efficacy trials.Pests that are commonly regarded as major or more difficult to control, and therefore requiring specific data, are particularly relevant as key pests from which to extrapolate. There is potentially significant variability in pest, crop and product interactions, which can","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"55 1","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PM 6/2 (4) Import and release of non-indigenous biological control agents (4)非本地生物防治剂的进口和释放

EPPO Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/epp.13047

{"title":"PM 6/2 (4) Import and release of non-indigenous biological control agents","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13047","url":null,"abstract":"Specific scope: This Standard provides an application form and guidelines to support an application for the import and/or release of a non-indigenous biological control agent (BCA). The Standard does not concern BCAs that are indigenous1 to the area of release. The Standard applies to invertebrate BCAs used for augmentative and/or classical biological control, and micro-organisms used for classical biological control.2Specific approval and amendment: First version approved in 2000–09. Revision approved in 2010–09. Second revision approved in 2014–09. Third revision approved in 2024–09.Before non-indigenous biological control agents (BCAs) are introduced into a country, an assessment of their potential risks to agricultural and natural ecosystems should be carried out. This assessment is informed by a period of research on the BCA concerned. In cases where the research is performed in the country where the BCA is intended to be released, the first import of the BCA for research should be carried out following the notification procedure of the EPPO Standard PM 6/1(2) First import of non-indigenous biological control agents for research under confined conditions (EPPO, 2023). A BCA may also be released directly following import, in cases where the required research and mass rearing have been carried out in another country, and the conclusion of the research is that BCA constitute no risk to agricultural and natural ecosystems. The present Standard is mainly concerned with the release of BCAs after research and mass rearing have been completed.If the BCA is released for classical biological control, it is intended to establish and control one or more pests, possibly permanently. If the BCA is used for augmentative biological control, it is not intended to establish but is periodically introduced into a specific environment to suppress pest populations. For both classical and augmentative biological control, there is the potential for the BCA to cause undesirable consequences which may be irreversible, such as long-term negative impacts on non-target species. It is therefore necessary to carry out an assessment of a BCA's risk (focusing on plant health and the environment) prior to release, while taking into consideration the benefits.ISPM 3 (Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms, IPPC, 2005) states that Governments should designate a National Authority responsible for its implementation. For the purpose of import and release of non-indigenous BCAs, the National Authority should establish an appropriate official procedure. Each country should decide what type of administrative system is appropriate (notification, approval or authorization), taking into account official policies in support of biological control and at the same time ensuring safety for agricultural and natural ec","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"307-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PP 1/333 (1) Adoption of digital technology for data generation for the efficacy evaluation of plant protection products PP 1/333 (1) 采用数字技术生成植物保护产品功效评估数据

EPPO Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/epp.13037

{"title":"PP 1/333 (1) Adoption of digital technology for data generation for the efficacy evaluation of plant protection products","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13037","url":null,"abstract":"Specific scope: This Standard describes the validation, verification, and calibration of digital technologies that may be used to assess the efficacy of plant protection products (PPP). Currently, efficacy data are collected through human observation or other documented methods of assessment in the Good Experimental Practice (GEP) system as described in PP 1/181 Conduct and reporting of efficacy evaluation trials, including good experimental practice.1Hardware or sensors which directly produce a measurement (e.g. scales for weighing, thermometers) are out of the scope of this Standard, as their verification and calibration are already covered in the GEP system. New technologies with parameters that are currently not covered by EPPO PP1 Standards are also out of this scope but could be covered in future by specific EPPO Standards.Specific approval and amendment: First approved in 2024–09.The development and integration of digital technology is growing across a wide range of industries including agriculture. In crop protection and plant phenotyping, digital technologies are already well established in research and at grower level. Usage of digital technology for the assessment of the efficacy of plant protection products is also rapidly increasing.This Standard focuses on how digital technologies used in efficacy trials can be accepted within GEP systems and by regulators. The Standard also includes processes to validate, verify, and calibrate digital technologies, relevant for the GEP system.When used in efficacy evaluation trials, digital technologies should produce an outcome which is comparable to the data being currently collected by human observation or by other methods currently accepted in the GEP system. The data obtained by human observation which are used as comparisons to validate or verify data obtained by digital technologies can be referred to as reference values (sometimes referred to as ‘ground truth’). Reference value data enables validation of algorithms in the development stage and verification of digital technology during use.As described in PP 1/152 Design and analysis of evaluation of trials, the qualities to be considered in observations for efficacy evaluations are: accuracy, reliability, precision, sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility. These qualities should also be considered in the evaluation of digital technologies used in the GEP system.Validation is a crucial process which serves to develop and assess the accuracy and reliability of the digital technology and to define the specification of any hardware required to generate the data for the algorithm, model or software. Validation is the first step of the digital technology conducted under development conditions to show that it works for the intended use.The validation process should use a known or pre-defined dataset or samples and compare the results from the digital tech","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"55 1","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0