EPPO Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"PM 7/76 (6) Use of EPPO Diagnostic Standards","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This Standard describes the purpose and use of EPPO Diagnostic Standards. Definitions used in these Standards are given in Appendix 1. This Standard is based on ISPM 27 (IPPC, <span>2006</span>).</p><p>Approved in 2006-09. Revised in 2010-09, 2014-09, 2016-11, 2018-09 and in 2024-09.</p><p>This Standard is designed to be used in conjunction with the EPPO Standards of series PM 7 on diagnostics.</p><p>Diagnostic tests have different performance characteristics (e.g. levels of analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity resulting in different risks of false-positive and false-negative results), speed and cost. These elements are taken into account by the customer and the laboratory when choosing a test or a combination of tests for the diagnosis of a pest in specific circumstances of use.</p><p>The reliability of a test depends on its performance characteristics, obtained from validation and verification studies. Information on how to perform validation and verification is provided in PM 7/98 <i>Specific requirements for laboratories preparing accreditation for a plant pest diagnostic activity</i> (EPPO, <span>2021</span>). Validation data is not available for all tests that are currently widely used in plant pest diagnostic laboratories. Lack of validation data is, in particular, often the case for routine tests such as ELISA or morphological analyses. However, there is often a long period of experience of use of such tests and it is usually possible for the laboratory to qualify the reliability of such tests (e.g. based on the number of years of experience, the number of samples tested, the use of controls and participation in proficiency tests). It is nevertheless recognized that performance characteristics allow a better understanding of the reliability of the tests. There are cases where a combination of tests is used to increase the overall accuracy and confidence in the diagnosis (e.g. see Section 4).</p><p>It should be noted that the result of a test or a combination of tests also depends on the proficiency of the laboratory.</p><p>Critical cases:</p><p>The circumstances of use described in the latter three bullet points (in bold) are considered in this Standard as critical cases where additional confidence in the outcome of the diagnosis will be required (see Section 2.1). The detection of a pest in a consignment declared to have been submitted to a phytosanitary treatment is also considered to be a critical case (see also Section 5.3.2).</p>","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"312-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PM 3/97 (1) Inspection of consignments of plants for planting for invasive alien plants","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13033","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Specific scope:&lt;/b&gt; This Standard describes inspection procedures for consignments of plants for planting imported with soil or other growing medium (and aquatic plants with water) to avoid the import of regulated invasive plants. The Standard does not cover inspection of seeds and plants for planting such as tubers, rhizomes imported as the commodity itself, without soil or growing medium, nor does it cover inspection of pests other than plants.1 The Standard describes (1) the inspection to check whether the plants for planting are regulated or prohibited as invasive alien plants, and (2) the inspection and sampling of soil or other growing medium associated with plants for planting to ensure it is free from invasive alien plant as contaminants. The Standard provides guidance that may be relevant to inspections for exports.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Specific Approval:&lt;/b&gt; This Standard was first approved in 2024-09.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Invasive alien plant (IAPs) species are considered a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services (Early et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Huisman et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). These species can have negative impacts on agricultural systems, reducing crop yields and degrading pastures (Eschen et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). One of the main pathways for the entry of IAPs into the EPPO region is via the horticulture trade (Hulme et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). Although most ornamental species do not cause any adverse impacts, some may become invasive and cause ecological and economic impacts to the areas where introduced (van Kleunen et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Invasive alien plants may be imported as a commodity themselves. The species indicated on the import documents (e.g. a phytosanitary certificate) may be the correct species name, a synonym, or a misapplied scientific or common name. Incorrect labelling and misidentification of plants for planting in trade is widespread and may be deliberate or by neglect (Brunel, &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Hulme et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Neucker &amp; Scheers, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Thum et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Verbrugge et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). Mislabelling may consist of simple misspelling of names or considering a variety as a true species, or just preferring one name over another (Van Valkenburg et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Using synonyms, rather than the preferred scientific name can also lead to confusion. Detecting mislabelled IAPs requires some taxonomic knowledge of the species in question by the inspector.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Invasive alien plants may be imported accidently as contaminants of soil or other growing medium associated with plants for planting, including water for aquatic plants. ISPM 5 Glossary of phytosanitary terms (IPPC, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) defines growing medium as ‘Any material in which plant roots are growing or intended for that purpose’. Soil and water are included in this definition of growing media and consequently this Standard will refer to growing media.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The EPPO ","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"274-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PM 9/32 (1) Solanum carolinense","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13048","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Specific scope:&lt;/b&gt; This Standard describes the control procedures aiming to monitor, contain, and eradicate &lt;i&gt;Solanum carolinense&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Specific approval and amendment:&lt;/b&gt; First approved in 2024–09.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Solanum carolinense&lt;/i&gt; (Solanaceae) is a perennial herb native to North America (Wahlert et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). The species has several weedy attributes (e.g., reproduces vegetatively, rapid growth, prolific seed production, grows in a variety of biotic and abiotic conditions) (Bassett &amp; Munro, &lt;span&gt;1986&lt;/span&gt;). The species was introduced into the EPPO region most likely in the middle of the 20th century.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Solanum carolinense&lt;/i&gt; is regarded to be a major agricultural problem. It is a common weed in many crops and pastures and affects crop yield and quality (Follak, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Van Wychen, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), it is considered toxic to livestock (Bassett &amp; Munro, &lt;span&gt;1986&lt;/span&gt;) and a host to many crop diseases and pests (Wahlert et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the EPPO region, &lt;i&gt;S. carolinense&lt;/i&gt; occurs in different habitats including banks of major rivers (e.g. the Waal; Dirkse et al., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;), ruderal habitats (e.g. roadsides, port areas; Pérez et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), pastures and crop fields (Follak, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Klingenhagen et al., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). The spread of &lt;i&gt;S. carolinense&lt;/i&gt; is largely driven by human activities. Propagules of &lt;i&gt;S. carolinense&lt;/i&gt; can be spread by agricultural machinery with contaminated soil attached both within fields and from field-to-field. Additionally, management and/or construction works in habitats that act as corridors for spread (e.g. roadsides) may facilitate the spread of the species (Follak, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Wehtje et al., &lt;span&gt;1987&lt;/span&gt;). The establishment of &lt;i&gt;S. carolinense&lt;/i&gt; by root fragments is assumed to be very successful, as the species can grow vegetatively from very small fragments (Ilnicki &amp; Fertig, &lt;span&gt;1962&lt;/span&gt;; Miyazaki, &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2022, &lt;i&gt;S. carolinense&lt;/i&gt; was added to the EPPO A2 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests (EPPO, &lt;span&gt;2022a&lt;/span&gt;). The species is regulated by a number of EPPO countries (EPPO, &lt;span&gt;2022b&lt;/span&gt;), such as Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Jordan, Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan (all A1 List) as well as in Belarus and Israel (Quarantine pest) and Georgia (A2 List).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Further information on the biology, distribution and economic importance of &lt;i&gt;Solanum carolinense&lt;/i&gt; can be found in Wahlert et al. (&lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;) and EPPO (&lt;span&gt;2022b&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;EPPO member countries at risk are advised to prepare monitoring activities and a contingency plan for the eradication and containment of this pest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regional cooperation is important, and it is recommended that countries should communicate with their neighbours to exchange views on the best programme to implement, in order to achieve the regional goal of preventing fur","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"338-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Hance ex F.Muell","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13044","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Preferred name:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Zizania latifolia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Other scientific names:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hydropyrum latifolium&lt;/i&gt; Griseb., &lt;i&gt;Zizania dahurica&lt;/i&gt; Turcz. ex Steud., &lt;i&gt;Zizania aquatica var. latifolia&lt;/i&gt; (Griseb.) Kom., &lt;i&gt;Zizania mezii&lt;/i&gt; Prodoehl, &lt;i&gt;Zizania caduciflora&lt;/i&gt; Hand. Mazz., &lt;i&gt;Zizania latifolia (Griseb.)&lt;/i&gt; Turcz. ex Stapf&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Taxonomic position:&lt;/b&gt; Phylum Magnoliophyta, Class: Monocotyledoneae, Order: Poales, Family: Poaceae&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Common names:&lt;/b&gt; Manchurian wild rice&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;EPPO Code:&lt;/b&gt; ZIZLA&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Phytosanitary categorization:&lt;/b&gt; EPPO A2 List no. 461.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;EPPO region:&lt;/b&gt; Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Georgia, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Russia (non-native: Central Russia, European Russia, Southern Russia; native: Russian Far East and Eastern Siberia), Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Asia:&lt;/b&gt; Armenia, China (native: Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Assam, Manipur), Indonesia (Java), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa), Malaysia (Borneo), Mongolia, Korea (Democratic Peoples Republic of and Republic of), Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;North America:&lt;/b&gt; Canada (British Columbia), USA (Hawaii).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Oceania:&lt;/b&gt; New Zealand.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Zizania latifolia&lt;/i&gt; is native to Eastern Siberia, and the Russian Far East (Afonin et al., &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;; Komarov, &lt;span&gt;1934&lt;/span&gt;; Tzvelev, &lt;span&gt;1976&lt;/span&gt;; Tzvelev &amp; Probatova, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). In these areas, the species is distributed sporadically in the natural environment. Native populations of &lt;i&gt;Z. latifolia&lt;/i&gt; are also distributed in the east of China along a wide stretch of latitudinal zones (21–50° N). The species can be found in the river basins of the Heilongjiang, Liaohe, Huanghe and Yangtze Rivers (Chen et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Wagutu et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Yang et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Zhang et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). &lt;i&gt;Z. latifolia&lt;/i&gt; has been domesticated and is cultivated in China as an aquatic vegetable (Guo et al., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;). At present, in China, &lt;i&gt;Z. latifolia&lt;/i&gt; is cultivated on more than 60 000 ha (Xie et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the invasive range, &lt;i&gt;Z. latifolia&lt;/i&gt; is locally established in New Zealand in the North Island, namely in Northland, Auckland, Waikato, and Wellington (Freshwater Pests of New Zealand, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; New Zealand Plant Conservation Network, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). In North America, &lt;i&gt;Z. latifolia&lt;/i&gt; is considered established in Hawaii on the islands of Kauai, likely on Oahu, and Hawaii Island. One location has been detected in Canada, British Columbia in 2004 where it is locally abundant in shallow tidal water along the edges of Widgeon Slough on Siwash Island (https://search.museums.ualberta.ca/12-116227).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the EPPO region, &lt;i&gt;Z. latifolia&lt;/i&gt; has been intentionally i","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"355-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PM 6/2 (4) Import and release of non-indigenous biological control agents","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13047","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Specific scope:&lt;/b&gt; This Standard provides an application form and guidelines to support an application for the import and/or release of a non-indigenous biological control agent (BCA). The Standard does not concern BCAs that are indigenous1 to the area of release. The Standard applies to invertebrate BCAs used for augmentative and/or classical biological control, and micro-organisms used for classical biological control.2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Specific approval and amendment:&lt;/b&gt; First version approved in 2000–09. Revision approved in 2010–09. Second revision approved in 2014–09. Third revision approved in 2024–09.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Before non-indigenous biological control agents (BCAs) are introduced into a country, an assessment of their potential risks to agricultural and natural ecosystems should be carried out. This assessment is informed by a period of research on the BCA concerned. In cases where the research is performed in the country where the BCA is intended to be released, the first import of the BCA for research should be carried out following the notification procedure of the EPPO Standard PM 6/1(2) &lt;i&gt;First import of non-indigenous biological control agents for research under confined conditions&lt;/i&gt; (EPPO, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). A BCA may also be released directly following import, in cases where the required research and mass rearing have been carried out in another country, and the conclusion of the research is that BCA constitute no risk to agricultural and natural ecosystems. The present Standard is mainly concerned with the release of BCAs after research and mass rearing have been completed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the BCA is released for classical biological control, it is intended to establish and control one or more pests, possibly permanently. If the BCA is used for augmentative biological control, it is not intended to establish but is periodically introduced into a specific environment to suppress pest populations. For both classical and augmentative biological control, there is the potential for the BCA to cause undesirable consequences which may be irreversible, such as long-term negative impacts on non-target species. It is therefore necessary to carry out an assessment of a BCA's risk (focusing on plant health and the environment) prior to release, while taking into consideration the benefits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ISPM 3 (&lt;i&gt;Guidelines for the export&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;shipment&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms&lt;/i&gt;, IPPC, &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;) states that Governments should designate a National Authority responsible for its implementation. For the purpose of import and release of non-indigenous BCAs, the National Authority should establish an appropriate official procedure. Each country should decide what type of administrative system is appropriate (notification, approval or authorization), taking into account official policies in support of biological control and at the same time ensuring safety for agricultural and natural ec","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 3","pages":"307-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143186327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Q-Tephrikey, an interactive tool for the identification of regulated fruit fly pests in the European Union","authors":"Pascal Rousse,&nbsp;Andrea Taddei,&nbsp;Raphaëlle Mouttet,&nbsp;Christa Lethmayer,&nbsp;Sylvia Blümel,&nbsp;Richard A. Gottsberger,&nbsp;Helga Reisenzein,&nbsp;Philippe Reynaud","doi":"10.1111/epp.13025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The European Union (EU) regulation for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) was modified in 2022, and the broad ‘non-European Tephritidae’ group was replaced by a list of 75 regulated taxa (66 species and nine genera). The National Reference Laboratories in the EU must now be able to identify all of them, whatever the development stage, in order to carry out official surveillance. To help laboratories, the European Union Reference Laboratory for Insects and Mites developed an interactive and multi-entry online key called Q-Tephrikey. The key is now freely available on the XPer3 website. It covers a total of 113 tephritid taxa, encompassing the regulated ones, 12 species listed as non-regulated exceptions and the species that have been intercepted in Europe. The taxa are encoded in two morphological matrices for adults and for larvae. This latter one is less extensive because only 38 species among the 113 taxa are described at the larval stage. To help the diagnosticians, the morphological matrices are accompanied by a pathway matrix encoded for the distributions and host ranges of each taxon. We present here the detailed content and functioning of Q-Tephrikey, and discuss its strengths and weaknesses in terms of its objectives. The key is available at https://q-tephrikey.identificationkey.org/mkey.html.</p>","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 2","pages":"194-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/epp.13025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to PM 7 Standards on Diagnostics","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/epp.13031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 2","pages":"112-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first surveillance report for Xylella fastidiosa in olive and stone fruit orchards in Palestine","authors":"Osama Alabdallah,&nbsp;Raed Alkowni,&nbsp;Jehad Radwan,&nbsp;Suha Ghzayal,&nbsp;Shatella Jaradat,&nbsp;Salameh Shubib,&nbsp;Samer Jarrar,&nbsp;Franco Valentini","doi":"10.1111/epp.13023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> has been identified as the causal agent of several horticultural plant diseases that have resulted in major economic and cultural heritage losses. In the last decade, <i>X. fastidiosa</i> emerged as a destructive phytopathogen on olive trees in the Apulia region, Italy, prompting widespread surveillance throughout the Mediterranean basin. The present paper reports monitoring efforts for <i>X. fastidiosa</i> in Palestine on olive for 5 years (2017–2022) and 1 year (2022) on stone fruit trees, as a result of international collaboration projects. No signs of olive quick decline syndrome were observed on olive trees in all the Palestinian olive-growing lands. This observation was confirmed by molecular tests using LAMP technology and PCR. In addition, 500 leaf samples from stone fruit trees (almond, apricot, peach, nectarine and plum) were tested using LAMP and PCR. All of these samples were negative for <i>X. fastidiosa</i>, even though few of the samples from almond trees in Idna (Hebron governorate) and apricot trees in Bal'a (Tulkarm governorate) showed leaf scorch-like symptoms. This study provides confirmation that these important horticultural crops in Palestine (olive and stone fruits) are still free of <i>X. fastidiosa</i>. Preventive measures and surveillance of these and other horticultural crops such as grapevine and citrus trees are strongly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 2","pages":"236-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial 2024-02","authors":"Nico Horn","doi":"10.1111/epp.13028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 2","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a multiplex real-time RT-PCR test for the screening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) for the detection of pepino mosaic virus","authors":"Sven M. H. Berendsen,&nbsp;Ludivine A. Thomas,&nbsp;Joyce H. C. Woudenberg,&nbsp;Yorick Speksnijders,&nbsp;Wilfried Jonkers,&nbsp;Sukhi Pannu,&nbsp;Anna M. Viles,&nbsp;Thomas K. Baldwin","doi":"10.1111/epp.13027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.13027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is known to cause a wide range of symptoms in cultivated tomato plants, damaging fruits and crops. Currently, five genotypes of PepMV are known (US1, CH2, EU, LP and PES), which can all infect tomato plants. Tomato seed is a proven pathway for PepMV, and the virus is known to easily spread mechanically during crop handling. A multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was developed and validated for the specific identification of PepMV isolates from tomato seeds. This test is designed to be used for diagnostics and seed health tests as a pre-screen to distinguish negative PepMV samples from suspect samples or as a confirmation test of a positive ELISA or bioassay test result. The multiplex real-time RT-PCR test consists of two PepMV-specific real-time RT-PCR tests and a Bacopa chlorosis virus real-time RT-PCR test as an internal amplification control. The analytical specificity of the developed test was evaluated by in vitro and in silico analyses. The analytical sensitivity was evaluated by creating three dilution series of naturally PepMV-infected leaf tissue in healthy tomato seed extracts and the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity were validated on a collection of seed lots.</p>","PeriodicalId":34952,"journal":{"name":"EPPO Bulletin","volume":"54 2","pages":"243-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}