Livestock Research for Rural Development最新文献

Changes in the economy as a system: enterpreneurship under the influence of COVID-19 经济作为一个系统的变化:COVID-19影响下的创业

Livestock Research for Rural Development Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.22616/rrd.27.2021.022

Tatjana Lejava, B. Rivza, M. Kruzmetra

引用次数: 0

How to choose optimal locations for installation of wind turbines in rural areas 如何选择在农村地区安装风力发电机的最佳位置

Livestock Research for Rural Development Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.22616/rrd.27.2021.044

V. Vorohobovs, M. Kleinhofs

引用次数: 0

Short-term effects of fertilization on photosynthetic activity in a deciduous tree plantation 施肥对落叶乔木人工林光合活性的短期影响

Livestock Research for Rural Development Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.22616/rrd.27.2021.008

G. Petaja, Ilze Karklina, S. Neimane

{"title":"Short-term effects of fertilization on photosynthetic activity in a deciduous tree plantation","authors":"G. Petaja, Ilze Karklina, S. Neimane","doi":"10.22616/rrd.27.2021.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.008","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilization is a method to enhance tree growth and timber production. Ammonium nitrate and wood ash are commonly used fertilizers, which can be applied at the same time to increase levels of both nitrogen and other macro- and micronutrients. We studied how ammonium nitrate and wood ash fertilization affects photosynthetic activity and transpiration at leaf level in a deciduous tree plantation in former agricultural land with mineral soil, located in the central part of Latvia (Keipene parish). Additionally, we performed foliar and soil nutrient analyses. Our results support the notion that nitrogen fertilization may not result in increased photosynthetic activity. It is possible that the photosynthetic activity has increased at canopy scale along with increasing leaf area, not at leaf scale. Wood ash addition seems to have resulted in higher photosynthetic activity for hybrid alder, although it could not be explained with phosphorus availability. Although closely related to photosynthesis, in most cases transpiration was not positively affected by fertilization. Environmental factors, such as humidity, temperature and wind speed may have a greater effect on this process.","PeriodicalId":34950,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Research for Rural Development","volume":"40 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85009983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diet optimization for dairy cows to reduce ammonia emissions 优化奶牛日粮以减少氨排放

Livestock Research for Rural Development Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.22616/rrd.27.2021.005

D. Kreišmane, E. Aplociņa, K. Naglis-Liepa, L. Bērziņa, O. Frolova, A. Lenerts

{"title":"Diet optimization for dairy cows to reduce ammonia emissions","authors":"D. Kreišmane, E. Aplociņa, K. Naglis-Liepa, L. Bērziņa, O. Frolova, A. Lenerts","doi":"10.22616/rrd.27.2021.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.005","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding livestock a balanced diet with a differentiated crude protein (CP) content, depending on the lactation phase can reduce nitrogen emissions from livestock excrement and urine. A higher content of non-starch polysaccharides in livestock diets improves feed absorption in the livestock body and, consequently, nitrogen is emitted more from protein present in livestock manure than from urea acid present in livestock urine. The aim of the study is to calculate the ammonia emission reduction potential in Latvia by optimizing the feeding of dairy cows and ensuring life longevity, as well as provide justification for ammonia emission reduction in dairy farms. Calculations made by using the NorFor Model for optimization of dairy cow (Bos primigenius f. taurus) diets revealed that compared with lowyielding cows, a higher CP content diet fed to high-yielding cows at the beginning of lactation increased the amount of nitrogen (N) in their excrement and urine by 90–180 g d-1. Reducing the CP content in the cow diet by an average of 10 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) during mid-lactation resulted in the same trend. Reducing the CP content in the cow diet during late lactation and the dry period by another 20–30 g kg-1 of DM, N emissions from excrement and urine significantly decreased. Increasing the lifespan of dairy cows also means reducing ammonia emissions from the farm. By increasing the number of lactations per cow on dairy farm, it is possible to reduce the number of heifers per cow. The total reduction of ammonia emissions in Latvia was calculated based on a long-term projection of a decrease of 0.1 heifer per dairy cow. Ammonia emissions could be reduced by 0.051 kt by decreasing the number of heifers by 12.54 thou. at the planned increase in the lifespan of dairy cows by 2030.","PeriodicalId":34950,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Research for Rural Development","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74294805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Planning of urban forest in Riga and major European cities 里加和欧洲主要城市的城市森林规划

Livestock Research for Rural Development Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.22616/rrd.27.2021.040

Ieva Kraukle, I. Stokmane, K. Vugule

{"title":"Planning of urban forest in Riga and major European cities","authors":"Ieva Kraukle, I. Stokmane, K. Vugule","doi":"10.22616/rrd.27.2021.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.040","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase in the number of the global population, that is likely to grow also in the nearest decades, the expansion of cities continues at the expense of forests and farmlands, and in these new areas, a more significant role is granted to the interaction between cities and countryside, revealing diverse interests of stakeholders. It is necessary to preserve, and it is even desirable, to expand the green spaces of the urbanized territories. Vienna, Stockholm, Copenhagen and Riga were selected for the study. The authors looked at the experience of the urban and green area planning through the literature review of city planning documents. Analyses of results show that planning takes place at the city, suburban or regional level and in the case of Riga, its development is similar to the development of other large European cities. The share of the urban forests in the territory of Riga city and its suburbs is comparatively large. In the European cities, which are rich in forests, the territories of the urban forests are often owned by local municipalities, and the development axes are created along highways, separating the diverse green territories. The authors offer a schematic model of the urban forest and urban area development for Riga city, which will ensure the preservation of forest areas and the non-confluence of urban areas.","PeriodicalId":34950,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Research for Rural Development","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74616284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post fire ground vegetation development over 25 years 火灾后地表植被发展超过25年

Livestock Research for Rural Development Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.22616/rrd.27.2021.006

L. Freimane, Linda Caksa, A. Kārkliņa, D. Elferts, Beate Berzina

{"title":"Post fire ground vegetation development over 25 years","authors":"L. Freimane, Linda Caksa, A. Kārkliņa, D. Elferts, Beate Berzina","doi":"10.22616/rrd.27.2021.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.006","url":null,"abstract":"Fire has been a part of natural disturbance regime in boreal and to some extent also hemiboreal forests, affecting soil and light conditions, seedbanks, trees and ground vegetation. The most significant factors affecting occurrence, severity and size of forest fires are anthropogenic, weather and the environment, all of which are changing due to human-caused climate change. This paper discusses medium term (25 years) vegetation development in five different biotopes after fire disturbance. Sample plots were established in Slitere Reserve (now National park) in north-western Latvia on areas affected by large fire in 1992. Data were collected in 1993, 2002 and 2017. The aim of the study was to characterize the regeneration and succession of ground vegetation after the fire. In 1993, species such as bog-rosemary (Andromeda polifolia), heather (Calluna vulgaris) and cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) were observed in the ground vegetation a year after the fire. In 2002 liverworts appeared, indicating that the bog has acquired more stable and wetter conditions, but in 2017, liverwort mosses were no longer present and the percentage cover of Rubus chamaemorus decreased significantly and Calluna vulgaris, sphagnum sp., and Betula pendula were present in large quantities in the bog. Comparing these studied years, it can be concluded that all these years the biotopes and species have continuously developed and are regenerating.","PeriodicalId":34950,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Research for Rural Development","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73827461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of sustainable development of enterprises in the digital transformations 数字化转型中企业可持续发展评价

Livestock Research for Rural Development Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.22616/rrd.27.2021.029

M. Demianchuk, V. Skribans

引用次数: 0

Influence of biological additives on soil moisture dynamics in the context of climate change 气候变化背景下生物添加剂对土壤水分动态的影响

Livestock Research for Rural Development Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.22616/rrd.27.2021.045

V. Grybauskienė, G. Vyčienė

{"title":"Influence of biological additives on soil moisture dynamics in the context of climate change","authors":"V. Grybauskienė, G. Vyčienė","doi":"10.22616/rrd.27.2021.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.045","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, climate change trends specific to the world’s regions have been observed in Lithuania. Droughts and torrential rains are increasingly being recorded, causing long-term waterlogging. As Lithuania is an agrarian country, the horticulture sector is developed. Abundant growers of potatoes, cabbage and other vegetables are counted in years. It is estimated that the consumption of potatoes in Lithuania is more than 96 kg per capita per year. However, potatoes, which are grown by the majority of crop farms, suffer most from frequent natural droughts. To lower droughts influence, farmers can install irrigation systems or use biological additives in the field, such as agroperlite and agrovermiculite. The experiment was conducted at the two experimental farms in Lithuania, growing ‘Vineta’ potatoes. The aim of the study was to determine the dynamics of soil moisture in May-August, when different amounts (effects of different percentages) of biological additives are added to the soil. In 2020, the amount of precipitation varied during the research period. During the whole period in Pupasodis fields precipitation was 234 mm. During observed period, 77% of all decades were drier than perennials (DNs). In Šilavotas fields, it was found that 351.5 mm of precipitation fell during the observed period, which is 164.3 mm more than in the Pupasodis area. The distance between experiment plots was more than 70 km. The study results show that soil temperature correlates with exponential dependence with precipitation. The correlation coefficient r = 0.69, and when assessing the relationship between soil temperature and ambient temperature, a linear dependence and R = 0.5649 were found.","PeriodicalId":34950,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Research for Rural Development","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90455864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable landfill fine fraction of waste reuse opportunities covering layer development 可持续填埋细粒废物的再利用机会覆盖层的发展

Livestock Research for Rural Development Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.22616/rrd.27.2021.043

J. Burlakovs, J. Pilecka, I. Grīnfelde, L. Arbidans, D. Āriņa, R. H. Setyobudi

{"title":"Sustainable landfill fine fraction of waste reuse opportunities covering layer development","authors":"J. Burlakovs, J. Pilecka, I. Grīnfelde, L. Arbidans, D. Āriņa, R. H. Setyobudi","doi":"10.22616/rrd.27.2021.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.043","url":null,"abstract":"Resources are lost in dumps from the time civilization knows itself. Solid waste handling through ‘zero waste’ concept is important for disposed waste reuse/recycling. The challenge for future is landfill mining (LFM) – one of the approaches dealing with that approach. We can think of recycling of valuable components such as plastic, metals and even rare soil elements if we have the right technology. Fine fraction of waste derived from excavated, separated and screened waste is also a perspective of circular economy as this inert fraction may serve as methane degradation layer for covering the old as well as new landfills. It may reduce harmful CH4 emissions and diminish the raw material use for closure of dumping sites. The aim of this study is to give an outlook on opportunities and describe other benefits for circular economy from innovative construction technology of cover layer. Rejected material may contain up to 40–60% of dump site/landfill mass and we may have interest in: 1) estimation of fine fraction of waste as functional construction material; 2) watching environmental effects – possible leaching and emissions; 3) keeping dumpsite revitalization as the master plan idea. First studies revealed the potential of fine fraction of dumpsite material for sustainable covering layer development. This study is supported by the project No.1.1.1.2/VIAA/3/19/531 ‘Innovative technologies for stabilization of landfills – diminishing environmental impact and resources potential in frames of circular economy'.","PeriodicalId":34950,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Research for Rural Development","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81107600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovation as a factor of the labor resources of rural areas reserve 创新要素作为农村劳动力资源的储备

Livestock Research for Rural Development Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.22616/rrd.27.2021.025

I. Honcharenko, Nataliya Shyshpanova

{"title":"Innovation as a factor of the labor resources of rural areas reserve","authors":"I. Honcharenko, Nataliya Shyshpanova","doi":"10.22616/rrd.27.2021.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.025","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the prospects of innovative entrepreneurship in the preservation of labor resources and attracting young people to ensure sustainable development of rural areas. Rural areas of Ukraine due to social, economic, cultural, demographic and environmental processes lose their attractiveness for the population, which is mainly employed in their own households, such work in most cases leads to the loss of skills, is inefficient, exhausting and does not provide the desired standard of living. According to the results of modelling, which is presented in the article, the biggest part of population over the next decade is likely to focus on areas of activity related to intellectual work that requires higher education. As the opportunity to realize such advantages in rural areas is extremely limited, while maintaining modern conditions, the tendency to reduce the human potential of rural areas will increase. Therefore, according to the experience of the most competitive regions of the world, it is important for Ukraine to form and develop entrepreneurial regional innovation systems, whose main features are mobility, the ability to quickly respond and adequately change external operating conditions. In such systems, new knowledge is transferred between research centers and business structures through both formal and informal channels, by involving scientists in the implementation of innovative projects. Nowadays, about 20% of students want to get a modern higher education and after graduation to work in rural communities as entrepreneurs, but the ambition is higher and the current stage of the development shall be a transformational transition of rural regions of Ukraine to the model of innovative economy.","PeriodicalId":34950,"journal":{"name":"Livestock Research for Rural Development","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72792291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0