Southeastern Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"The origins of engraved marine shell cups, copper repoussé plates, and ritual centers: disentangling early Cahokia symbolism from post–AD 1200 SECC iconography","authors":"T. Emerson","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2155357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2155357","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The development of Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (SECC) iconography has been posited to have had its origins in pre–AD 1200 Greater Cahokia. The recovery of fragments of an engraved shell cup, a few engraved pottery sherds, and copper residue from Mound 34 at Cahokia as well as two regional rock-art sites are said to confirm that the early Braden art style had a Cahokian heritage. Furthermore, on this basis, the origin, production, and distribution of engraved shell cups and copper repoussé plates have been attributed to Cahokian artisans. Here the archaeological context and chronology of this evidence is reexamined and found to be problematic—it does not support Cahokia origins for engraved shell cups and copper repoussé plates. The small amount of early Braden materials attributed to Cahokia are better explained as byproducts of the demonstrable presence of early Caddo immigrants and influences in the American Bottom. The skewed distribution and early chronology of Mississippian engraved shell cups and copper repoussé plates confirm they are likely products of Spiro-influenced ritual practitioners. The production and accumulation of such ritual paraphernalia at Spiro can most reasonably be attributed to the site's rise as a sacred place and central locus for regional pilgrimages.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41688226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Holocene landscape use in the upper Tombigbee River valley","authors":"James L. Strawn, D. Shane Miller, Derek T. Anderson, S. Carmody","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2163119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2163119","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 We draw on the distribution of recorded archaeological sites, temporally diagnostic projectile points, sources of lithic raw materials, and fossil pollen projections to evaluate existing models for Early Holocene landscape use in the upper Tombigbee River valley (UTRV) in northeast Mississippi. We then discuss the applicability of Anderson and Hanson (1988), Daniel (2001), and Hollenbach (2009) in gaining a better understanding of early hunter-gatherer mobility and settlement in the region and discuss future directions for research.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42812778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Early Holocene archaeology of Florida: geospatial approaches to understanding Bolen mobility","authors":"Jessi J. Halligan, David K. Thulman, A. Burke, Morgan F. Smith","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2163120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2163120","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three of the most influential archaeological models in the southeastern US have argued that early foragers organized their lifeways via seasonal movement along major drainage basins; around access to raw material sources, crossing drainage basins; or around group foraging needs, following central place foraging models. We examine the distribution of Early Holocene Bolen sites in Florida in light of these models by combining Florida Master Site File data with avocational collection data and conducting spatial analyses. It is not clear to what extent the models are applicable to this low-relief area with comparatively ubiquitous toolstone, little data on seasonality, and rivers that likely were not flowing. Our analyses suggest that Bolen site distribution is highly patterned, with a few extremely large sites clustered around water sources and numerous single artifact finds in more remote areas. Our interpretation is that Bolen represents a population increase coincident with greater surface water availability that facilitated regular aggregations. The spacing of large sites indicates to us local-group territories, each of which had toolstone resources and reliable water. North Florida may present a more general organizing principle that applies throughout the Southeast: water, seasonal variation, and toolstone availability.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46174183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Archaic landscape use, cultural transmission, and aggregation in the lower Ohio River valley","authors":"T. Jennings, Ashley M. Smallwood, Jacob Ray, Vanessa Hanvey, Shaylee Scott, Heather L. Smith, Donn W. Miller, Devin Stephens","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2163121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2163121","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, we use GIS and 2D geometric morphometrics to explore landscape use and social interaction among Kirk Cluster populations in the lower Ohio River valley. Using cultural transmission as a theoretical foundation, we develop models for identifying assemblages produced by macroband aggregations. We show that two distinct populations occupied northern Indiana and southwestern Kentucky. Intensively occupied sites in these areas are situated in near-upland settings in close proximity to a variety of resources including chert, higher order rivers, and sinkholes. In contrast, the Butterfield site in central Kentucky lies in the lowlands with the Green River as the only obvious resource. Analyses reveal that Butterfield was a macroband aggregation site visited by populations from Indiana, but groups from southwestern Kentucky only minimally participated in aggregations at Butterfield. Results further show that the Ohio River was not a barrier to social interaction in the Early Holocene.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45776618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using “cultural continuity” to examine aspects of Early Archaic settlement in Virginia and beyond","authors":"Joseph A. M. Gingerich","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2163122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2163122","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper tests aspects of previous models that argue for cultural continuity between Paleoindian and Early Archaic groups. Using data from Virginia, I provide evidence that Paleoindian and Early Archaic settlement strategies were different. In Virginia, Early Archaic sites are closer together and closer to key resources. Early Archaic groups also occupied new areas, and studies of artifact curation and raw materials suggest a change in territory size. In addition, I use coarse-grained data from other key sites in the region (Shawnee-Minisink, Thunderbird, and Fifty) to suggest specific changes in land use. While many of my findings are compatible with aspects of several earlier Early Archaic settlement models in the Southeast, the common theme may be more patterned landscape use on a seasonal basis. I see the expanded landscape use in Virginia as a clear marker of a change among Early Archaic populations.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44873602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on Early Archaic papers","authors":"Kandace D. Hollenbach, I. Daniel, David G. Anderson","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2023.2174673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2023.2174673","url":null,"abstract":"As Miller and colleagues (this volume) point out, the Early Archaic period presents an interesting arena in which to study human responses to rapidly changing climatic, environmental, and social conditions. As such, I extend my thanks to Ashley Smallwood and Shane Miller for organizing the 2021 symposium and this special volume of Southeastern Archaeology. It is a treat to see so many articles considering variations of Early Archaic lifeways across the broader Southeast. And I am incredibly honored to have my research considered in the same sentence as Anderson and Hanson (1988) and Daniel (1998, 2001), whose models were seminal to my explorations of early Holocene lifeways. As I read through this collection again, I was struck by the advances we’ve made over the past two-plus decades. Halligan and colleagues (this volume), Strawn and colleagues (this volume), and Gingerich (this volume) all employ a larger set of sites in their respective regions to explore site choice among Early Archaic foragers. This is enabled partly by the additional archaeological investigations that have been performed in the intervening years, but also by the increased accessibility to large datasets fostered by the Digital Index of North American Archaeology (Anderson et al. 2017). All four sets of authors, including Jennings and colleagues (this volume), overlay site locations with distributions of resources, ecotone associations, and physiographic locales to ascertain factors that played into mobility decisions of early foragers. Several of the papers also expand on lithic analyses, delving deeper into assemblages from previously excavated sites to discern site use (Gingerich, this volume) or comparing hafted biface morphologies to sort out communities of practice (Jennings et al., this volume). Both present avenues by which we can reassess the large quantities of lithic artifacts from previously excavated sites and avocational collections. Perhaps above all, these articles also highlight the fact that there is not a one-size-fits-all model that applies to all situations. Daniel (1998, 2001) observed this when he compared the data he saw in North Carolina, where tool stone distributions are much different than in the Piedmont and Coastal Plains of South Carolina, to Anderson and Hanson’s (1988) model. I similarly found that the stone-rich landscape of northwest Alabama produced a different pattern than Randy or David saw. Each set of authors here come to similar conclusions – that there are some areas where these three models may apply better than others, but each region also presents a particular distribution of particular sets of resources that may vary (more or less) in time and space. And it is exciting (and perhaps should not be surprising) – that we do not see the same sets of decisions in each of these areas, but that people tailored their decisions to local situations. These four articles, as well as our three models, also demonstrate that we are still in sore","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42707860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A brief history of modeling Early Holocene landscape use in the American Southeast","authors":"D. Shane Miller, Ashley M. Smallwood, P. Carr","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2163123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2163123","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Early Holocene is a critical period in the American Southeast and represents the time between the end of the Pleistocene and emerging cultural complexity of the Mid-Holocene. Due to the limitations imposed by a relative lack of site preservation, an important avenue of inquiry for understanding this period has been connecting the few reported, well-dated sites with the distribution of surface finds to explore how people organized their mobility across landscapes. The most widely cited examples of studies examining Early Holocene landscape use in the region are Anderson and Hanson (1988), Daniel (2001), and Hollenbach (2009). In this article, we discuss the historical development of these three approaches to modeling landscape use and explore the impacts of these works in Southeastern archaeology. Finally, we introduce four articles that explore the applicability of these three approaches in Virginia (Gingerich, this issue), Florida (Halligan et al., this issue), the lower Ohio River valley (Jennings et al. this issue), and the upper Tombigbee River valley (Strawn et al., this issue).","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48035672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beliefs and Rituals in Archaic Eastern North America: An Interpretive Guide","authors":"Taylor Greene","doi":"10.1080/0734578x.2022.2149431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578x.2022.2149431","url":null,"abstract":"data that show that black soldiers at Fort Davis were often deprived of adequate food, housing, and social spaces, which made them appear less than human to the white soldiers they served with as well as the white officers who commanded them (p. 224). Forensic evidence suggests Talliafero was killed under suspicious circumstances (pp. 203– 208). Together, Wilkie’s painstaking analysis of the historical and archaeological records at Fort Davis suggests that it may be very easy to entertain the possibility that the circumstances surrounding Talliafero’s death were doctored to falsely justify his demise. However, each reader will need to determine the degree to which they are convinced for themselves.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47831291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unburied Lives: The Historical Archaeology of Buffalo Soldiers at Fort Davis, Texas, 1869–1875","authors":"J. M. Trunzo","doi":"10.1080/0734578x.2022.2140250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578x.2022.2140250","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43667292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relating tools to tasks: shell hammers and oyster management on Florida's northern Gulf Coast","authors":"J. Jenkins, Ginessa Mahar","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2133802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2133802","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purposeful management of oyster fisheries has increasingly been used to explain millennial-scale sustainability evident at shell-bearing archaeological sites throughout the Southeast and beyond. While the focus of oyster management has been on the oysters themselves, the tools related to sustainable practices must also be the subject of investigation. Crown conch hammers are common artifacts recovered from coastal sites in the Southeast although their purpose has remained ambiguous. Building on previous studies of this class of artifacts, this paper relates crown conch hammers to oyster processing, specifically the management practice of culling. Evidence presented herein was recovered from the Lower Suwannee region of the northern Gulf Coast of Florida.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43617285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}