Indian Journal of Labour Economics最新文献_第5页

Inclusion of Interstate Migrant Workers in Kerala and Lessons for India. 喀拉拉邦州际移民工人的纳入及其对印度的教训。

IF 1.5

Indian Journal of Labour Economics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00292-9

Benoy Peter, Shachi Sanghvi, Vishnu Narendran

{"title":"Inclusion of Interstate Migrant Workers in Kerala and Lessons for India.","authors":"Benoy Peter, Shachi Sanghvi, Vishnu Narendran","doi":"10.1007/s41027-020-00292-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00292-9","url":null,"abstract":"An estimated 3.5 million interstate migrant workers have become an indispensable part of Kerala's economy. The state also offers the highest wages for migrant workers for jobs in the unorganised sector in the entire Indian subcontinent. Further, the state has evolved several measures for the inclusion of the workers and was able to effectively respond to their distress during the national lockdown. This paper examines labour migration to Kerala, key measures by the government to promote the social security of the workers and the state's response to the distress of migrant workers during lockdown, by synthesising the available secondary evidence. The welfare measures as well as interventions initiated by the state are exemplary and promising given the intent and provisions. However, some of them do not appear to have consideration of the grassroots requirements and implementation mechanisms to enhance access. As a result, the policy intent and substantial investments have not yielded the expected results. The state's effective response to the distress of workers during the lockdown emanates from its overall disaster preparedness and resilience achieved from confronting with two consecutive state-wide natural disasters and a public health emergency in the immediate past. While the government has played a strategic role through policy imperative and ensuring a synergistic response, the data presented by the state indicate a much larger but invisible role played by the employers and civil society in providing food and shelter to workers.","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":"63 4","pages":"1065-1086"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41027-020-00292-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38616857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Examining the 'Labour' in Labour Migration: Migrant Workers' Informal Work Arrangements and Access to Labour Rights in Urban Sectors. 考察劳动力迁移中的“劳工”:农民工在城市部门的非正式工作安排和获得劳工权利。

IF 1.5

Indian Journal of Labour Economics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00288-5

Nivedita Jayaram, Divya Varma

{"title":"Examining the 'Labour' in Labour Migration: Migrant Workers' Informal Work Arrangements and Access to Labour Rights in Urban Sectors.","authors":"Nivedita Jayaram, Divya Varma","doi":"10.1007/s41027-020-00288-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00288-5","url":null,"abstract":"The mass exodus of India's internal migrant workers, from urban areas, back to their villages during the Covid-19 lockdown was met with an outpouring of public empathy. However, policy responses remained restricted to relief, for what was conceived of as a temporary problem precipitated by the lockdown. The migrant workers crisis has been treated solely as an interstate mobility issue, while the lack of wage and employment security or hazardous work conditions, which are commonplace in urban labour markets, does not feature as part of the problem description. This is evident in the attack on workers' rights by state and central governments, through a labour reforms agenda under the garb of economic revival, even at the peak of the migrants' crisis. The article uses pre- and post-Covid evidence on labour rights violations facing migrant workers in three modern, urban work sectors-construction, hotels and manufacturing-spanning the high in-migration cities of Ahmedabad and Surat in Gujarat. It juxtaposes the exploitation of migrant workers with gaps in the country's labour governance architecture, to highlight that suspension of migrant workers' rights is the central feature of urban economic growth, maintained through extra-legal and informal processes in its labour markets. It addresses core tensions and deadlocks in the labour reforms process, to move towards a labour governance architecture that is able to respond to an intersection of challenges presented by informality, mobility and social marginalisation experienced by rural-urban migrants, for enabling inclusive and equitable urban growth.","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":"63 4","pages":"999-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41027-020-00288-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38655848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Migration in Northeast India: Inflows, Outflows and Reverse Flows during Pandemic. 印度东北部的移民:大流行期间的流入、流出和反向流动。

IF 1.5

Indian Journal of Labour Economics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00278-7

R Lusome, R B Bhagat

{"title":"Migration in Northeast India: Inflows, Outflows and Reverse Flows during Pandemic.","authors":"R Lusome, R B Bhagat","doi":"10.1007/s41027-020-00278-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00278-7","url":null,"abstract":"Migration is a significant factor in the organization of regional and urban space in India. In India, migration has been dominated by people from Eastern and Central regions moving to western and northwestern regions. On the other hand, Northeast has been known for in-migration and the conflicts arising from influx of migrants, but studies are lacking on the out-migration from the region. This study makes an attempt to study both inflow and outflow from the region and covers both internal and international migration. In this study, the Northeast India consists of the seven states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. Each state of the region shares an international boundary. The paper uses data from Census 2011 and has tried to study the magnitude of inflows to the region as well as the outflows from the region at the state level and also the reasons for migration. The state of Manipur is unique in the entire Northeast as outflow is three times higher than the inflow in the state. Assam is losing population due to internal migration to other states of India but compensated by international migration. The state of Assam presents a balanced ratio of inflow and outflow as stands in 2011 contrary to the popular perception that the state is gaining population inundated by immigration. The rest of the states of Northeast are gaining population predominantly due to internal migration, whereas Tripura gained population more from international compared to internal migration. The paper throws light on the combined impact of internal and international migration in the Northeast region which is generally lacking in migration studies on Northeast relevant for economic policy and political decision making. It also makes an assessment of reverse flows during the pandemic and lockdown.","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":"63 4","pages":"1125-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41027-020-00278-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38656952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Structural Changes and Quality of Women's Labour in India. 印度妇女劳动的结构变化和质量。

IF 1.5

Indian Journal of Labour Economics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-07 DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00245-2

S Sundari

{"title":"Structural Changes and Quality of Women's Labour in India.","authors":"S Sundari","doi":"10.1007/s41027-020-00245-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00245-2","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this paper is to look at the trends and pattern of changes in women's employment structure over years (1983-2018) consequent upon the structural changes in the Indian economy. It also attempts to analyse the quality of women's labour in terms of select parameters. The study finds that there is neither quantitative nor qualitative improvement in women's employment over time on account of structural changes in the economy. There is no 'U' curve of female labour supply in response to GDP growth and expansion of female literacy, implying that economic growth has not generated adequate jobs for women. It also signifies that women's entry or exit of labour market is influenced by non-economic factors also. There is no major occupational diversification in women's employment despite structural shift of the economy from primary to tertiary sector. Agriculture is still the leading sector in women's employment. The study further reveals that the quality of women's labour is poor. Overcrowding of workforce in agriculture largely as wage labourers, lower earnings, poor literacy levels, large-scale informal employment and most self-employment in the form of unpaid work are indications of women's disadvantaged position in the labour market.","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":"63 3","pages":"689-717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41027-020-00245-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38479862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Labour Migrants During the Pandemic: A Comparative Perspective. 大流行期间的移徙劳工:比较视角。

IF 1.5

Indian Journal of Labour Economics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00283-w

Arjan de Haan

引用次数: 17

Circular Migration and Precarity: Perspectives from Rural Bihar. 循环移民与不稳定:来自比哈尔邦农村的视角。

IF 1.5

Indian Journal of Labour Economics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00290-x

Amrita Datta

{"title":"Circular Migration and Precarity: Perspectives from Rural Bihar.","authors":"Amrita Datta","doi":"10.1007/s41027-020-00290-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00290-x","url":null,"abstract":"Migration and mobilities are vastly underestimated in India. In particular, circular migration remains poorly captured as circular migrants move back and forth between source and destination regions. Based on survey data from rural Bihar, an important source region of migration in India, this paper finds that a vast majority of migrants work and live in precarity in predominantly urban and prosperous destinations across India. However, those at the lowest rungs of the social and economic ladder in source regions-the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, other backward classes I and the labouring class-are the worst off at destination; they are part of the most precarious shorter-term migration streams, earn the lowest incomes, have the poorest conditions of work, and live in the harshest circumstances. The paper shows that social and economic hierarchies, and in turn, precarity in source region is reproduced at destination, and, thus, there is little evidence that spatial mobility is associated with social mobility. Focusing on migrants' location, work, employment, income, housing, and access to basic services at destination, the paper foregrounds migrant precarity and adds to a small body of empirical literature that is significant in understanding the spatial and structural elements of circular migration in India and in turn, the migration crisis that emerged as a result of the economic shock of the COVID 19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":"63 4","pages":"1143-1163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41027-020-00290-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38616858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Revisiting Kerala's Gulf Connection: Half a Century of Emigration, Remittances and Their Macroeconomic Impact, 1972-2020. 回顾喀拉拉邦的海湾联系:半个世纪的移民、汇款及其宏观经济影响，1972-2020。

IF 1.5

Indian Journal of Labour Economics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00280-z

K P Kannan, K S Hari

{"title":"Revisiting Kerala's Gulf Connection: Half a Century of Emigration, Remittances and Their Macroeconomic Impact, 1972-2020.","authors":"K P Kannan, K S Hari","doi":"10.1007/s41027-020-00280-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00280-z","url":null,"abstract":"In the literature on development studies, the state of Kerala in India is known for its high human and social development despite its low-income status. However, there has been a turnaround in its growth performance and has now come to occupy a high rank in terms of per capita income among Indian States. This has been largely through a high growth performance facilitated by significant remittances from abroad. However, there have not been consistent time-series data on annual remittances. This paper is an attempt to fulfil this gap by estimating foreign remittances to Kerala for a period of 47 years that is close to half a century. Using these data, the paper has presented a Modified State Income for Kerala and calculated its impact on consumption and savings. The significance of the sizeable emigration to the labour market situation has also been highlighted. Given the fact that remittances come as household income confined to a small segment of the total households, the impact of annual remittances on income and consumption inequality has also been highlighted. The results show an increasing trend in inequality. Despite a high growth performance aided by remittances, Kerala has not been able to address its longstanding problem of educated unemployment, especially for its women. In this context, the state's inability to take advantage of the enhanced per capita income to maintain its tax-income ratio, let alone enhance it, assumes great significance as an area of concern.","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":"63 4","pages":"941-967"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41027-020-00280-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38630094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Estimating Earnings Losses of Migrant Workers Due to COVID-19. 估算因COVID-19造成的农民工收入损失。

IF 1.5

Indian Journal of Labour Economics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00281-y

Manolo I Abella, S K Sasikumar

引用次数: 7

Forced Out-Migration from Hill Regions and Return Migration During the Pandemic: Evidence from Uttarakhand. 流行病期间山区被迫迁出和返回的移民:来自北阿坎德邦的证据。

IF 1.5

Indian Journal of Labour Economics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00291-w

Ishwar Awasthi, Balwant Singh Mehta

{"title":"Forced Out-Migration from Hill Regions and Return Migration During the Pandemic: Evidence from Uttarakhand.","authors":"Ishwar Awasthi, Balwant Singh Mehta","doi":"10.1007/s41027-020-00291-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00291-w","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with out-migration which has been a common phenomenon in the hill regions and is closely related to their socio-economic and cultural patterns. In particular, male-specific out-migration has been a sustained tradition from the hill districts of Uttarakhand. The people have been migrating not just for seeking diverse avenues of employment, but also for accessing better educational and health opportunities. As per 2011 Census, the overall population growth rate in the state was 1.7% with huge differentials in the hill and plain districts. Hill districts witnessed one-fourth growth (0.7%) of the population compared to that of plain districts (2.8%) suggestive of huge out-migration from these (hill) districts of the state. The important thing to note is that the nature and patterns of out-migration have now paved the way from long-term to permanent out-migration. Also, the lack of employment opportunities is creating distress out-migration to destinations within or outside the state, which has become a major cause of concern. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the most short-term migrants who returned to their villages in desperation resulting in despondency and distress. In this context, the paper explores the factors of distress migration by analysing the data from a quick survey of 323 return migrants carried out in June 2020 to understand their employment and livelihood profile, reasons for their return to native places, coping mechanism and future plans. The findings reveal that due to lack of livelihood opportunities in their place of origin, most of them would eventually like to return to their destination places in the future to eke out their living. From a policy point of view, enhancing the economic base and livelihood opportunities by focusing on niche activities with improved provisioning of educational and health infrastructure and services can eventually help restrict out-migration from Uttarakhand.","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":"63 4","pages":"1107-1124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41027-020-00291-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38616859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Unpaid work and the economy: linkages and their implications 无薪工作与经济:联系及其影响

IF 1.5

Indian Journal of Labour Economics Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2612926

I. Hirway

{"title":"Unpaid work and the economy: linkages and their implications","authors":"I. Hirway","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2612926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2612926","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000This paper argues that the strong linkages between unpaid work and the economy make it necessary to expand the purview of the conventional economy to incorporate unpaid work and to include it in the analysis of labour and employment as well as in designing policies in this field. Unpaid work, which is the work that does not receive direct remuneration, includes unpaid work that falls within the production boundary of the System of National Account (SNA) and unpaid work that falls within the general production boundary but outside the production boundary (non-SNA). The former unpaid work is a part of the conventional economy while the latter work, on which 35–50 % of the total work time is spent by economies, is outside the national income accounts and is usually invisible in national statistical systems. This paper points out that the exclusion of unpaid non-SNA work from national accounts and from the conventional economy is not justifiable, as both works contribute to the conventional economy in several ways. The uneven distribution of unpaid work across the gender is at the root of gender inequalities and it also implies the sub-optimal use of the national labour force. In the remaining part of the paper, the linkages of the unpaid work and the economy and the different approaches of integrating unpaid work with the macro-economy are discussed. In conclusion, it is noted that implementation of these different approaches calls for a sound database (including regular production of quality time use statistics) and suitable analytical tools to analyse the data. The paper recommends that the time has come for economic analysis and policy, including macro-economics to take a wider view of the economy. Without incorporating unpaid work, it would remain partial and wrong. The time has also come for labour economics to incorporate unpaid work into the analysis of labour and employment for formulating realistic and efficient labour and employment policies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68223486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 53