{"title":"Automorphism Shuffles for Graphs and Hypergraphs and Its Applications","authors":"Kazumasa Shinagawa, K. Miyamoto","doi":"10.1587/transfun.2022CIP0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2022CIP0020","url":null,"abstract":"In card-based cryptography, a deck of physical cards is used to achieve secure computation. A shuffle, which randomly permutes a card-sequence along with some probability distribution, ensures the security of a card-based protocol. The authors proposed a new class of shuffles called graph shuffles, which randomly permutes a card-sequence by an automorphism of a directed graph (New Generation Computing 2022). For a directed graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, such a shuffle could be implemented with pile-scramble shuffles with $2(n+m)$ cards. In this paper, we study graph shuffles and give an implementation, an application, and a slight generalization of them. First, we propose a new protocol for graph shuffles with $2n+m$ cards. Second, as a new application of graph shuffles, we show that any cyclic group shuffle, which is a shuffle over a cyclic group, is a graph shuffle associated with some graph. Third, we define a hypergraph shuffle, which is a shuffle by an automorphism of a hypergraph, and show that any hypergraph shuffle can also be implemented with pile-scramble shuffles.","PeriodicalId":348826,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132958897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroki Okada, Atsushi Takayasu, Kazuhide Fukushima, S. Kiyomoto, T. Takagi
{"title":"Erratum: A Compact Digital Signature Scheme Based on the Module-LWR Problem [IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences Vol. E104.A (2021), No. 9 pp.1219-1234]","authors":"Hiroki Okada, Atsushi Takayasu, Kazuhide Fukushima, S. Kiyomoto, T. Takagi","doi":"10.1587/transfun.2022eae0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2022eae0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":348826,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120921884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatsuya Koyakumaru, M. Yukawa, Eduardo Pavez, Antonio Ortega
{"title":"Learning Sparse Graph with Minimax Concave Penalty under Gaussian Markov Random Fields","authors":"Tatsuya Koyakumaru, M. Yukawa, Eduardo Pavez, Antonio Ortega","doi":"10.1587/transfun.2021eap1153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2021eap1153","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a convex-analytic framework to learn sparse graphs from data. While our problem formulation is inspired by an extension of the graphical lasso using the so-called combinatorial graph Laplacian framework, a key difference is the use of a nonconvex alternative to the $ell_1$ norm to attain graphs with better interpretability. Specifically, we use the weakly-convex minimax concave penalty (the difference between the $ell_1$ norm and the Huber function) which is known to yield sparse solutions with lower estimation bias than $ell_1$ for regression problems. In our framework, the graph Laplacian is replaced in the optimization by a linear transform of the vector corresponding to its upper triangular part. Via a reformulation relying on Moreau's decomposition, we show that overall convexity is guaranteed by introducing a quadratic function to our cost function. The problem can be solved efficiently by the primal-dual splitting method, of which the admissible conditions for provable convergence are presented. Numerical examples show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the existing graph learning methods with reasonable CPU time.","PeriodicalId":348826,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123035911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ramsey Numbers of Trails","authors":"Masatoshi Osumi","doi":"10.1587/transfun.2021DMP0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2021DMP0003","url":null,"abstract":"We initiate the study of Ramsey numbers of trails. Let $k geq 2$ be a positive integer. The Ramsey number of trails with $k$ vertices is defined as the the smallest number $n$ such that for every graph $H$ with $n$ vertices, $H$ or the complete $overline{H}$ contains a trail with $k$ vertices. We prove that the Ramsey number of trails with $k$ vertices is at most $k$ and at least $2sqrt{k}+Theta(1)$. This improves the trivial upper bound of $lfloor 3k/2rfloor -1$.","PeriodicalId":348826,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci.","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134601617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Counting Convex and Non-Convex 4-Holes in a Point Set","authors":"Young-Hun Sung, S. Bae","doi":"10.1587/transfun.2020dmp0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2020dmp0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":348826,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci.","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123326456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Minimax Design of Sparse IIR Filters Using Sparse Linear Programming","authors":"M. Nakamoto, N. Aikawa","doi":"10.1587/TRANSFUN.2020EAP1096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/TRANSFUN.2020EAP1096","url":null,"abstract":"Recent trends in designing filters involve development of sparse filters with coefficients that not only have real but also zero values. These sparse filters can achieve a high performance through optimizing the selection of the zero coefficients and computing the real (non-zero) coefficients. Designing an infinite impulse response (IIR) sparse filter is more challenging than designing a finite impulse response (FIR) sparse filter. Therefore, studies on the design of IIR sparse filters have been rare. In this study, we consider IIR filters whose coefficients involve zero value, called sparse IIR filter. First, we formulate the design problem as a linear programing problem without imposing any stability condition. Subsequently, we reformulate the design problem by altering the error function and prepare several possible denominator polynomials with stable poles. Finally, by incorporating these methods into successive thinning algorithms, we develop a new design algorithm for the filters. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, its performance is compared with that of other existing methods. key words: infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, sparse filter, zero coefficients, sparse linear programming, minimax design","PeriodicalId":348826,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123614872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thanh-Vu Dang, Hoang-Trong Vo, Gwanghyun Yu, Jin Young Kim
{"title":"Capsule Network with Shortcut Routing","authors":"Thanh-Vu Dang, Hoang-Trong Vo, Gwanghyun Yu, Jin Young Kim","doi":"10.1587/transfun.2020EAP1101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2020EAP1101","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces\"shortcut routing,\"a novel routing mechanism in capsule networks that addresses computational inefficiencies by directly activating global capsules from local capsules, eliminating intermediate layers. An attention-based approach with fuzzy coefficients is also explored for improved efficiency. Experimental results on Mnist, smallnorb, and affNist datasets show comparable classification performance, achieving accuracies of 99.52%, 93.91%, and 89.02% respectively. The proposed fuzzy-based and attention-based routing methods significantly reduce the number of calculations by 1.42 and 2.5 times compared to EM routing, highlighting their computational advantages in capsule networks. These findings contribute to the advancement of efficient and accurate hierarchical pattern representation models.","PeriodicalId":348826,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci.","volume":"53 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131741350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kikuchi, Kento Kawakami, Kazuho Watanabe, Mitsuo Yoshida, Kyoji Umemura
{"title":"Unified Likelihood Ratio Estimation for High- to Zero-frequency N-grams","authors":"M. Kikuchi, Kento Kawakami, Kazuho Watanabe, Mitsuo Yoshida, Kyoji Umemura","doi":"10.1587/transfun.2020EAP1088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2020EAP1088","url":null,"abstract":"Likelihood ratios (LRs), which are commonly used for probabilistic data processing, are often estimated based on the frequency counts of individual elements obtained from samples. In natural language processing, an element can be a continuous sequence of N items, called an N -gram, in which each item is a word, letter, etc. In this paper, we attempt to estimate LRs based on N -gram frequency information. A naive estimation approach that uses only N -gram frequencies is sensitive to low-frequency (rare) N -grams and not applicable to zero-frequency (unobserved) N -grams; these are known as the lowand zero-frequency problems, respectively. To address these problems, we propose a method for decomposing N -grams into item units and then applying their frequencies along with the original N -gram frequencies. Our method can obtain the estimates of unobserved N -grams by using the unit frequencies. Although using only unit frequencies ignores dependencies between items, our method takes advantage of the fact that certain items often co-occur in practice and therefore maintains their dependencies by using the relevant N -gram frequencies. We also introduce a regularization to achieve robust estimation for rare N -grams. Our experimental results demonstrate that our method is effective at solving both problems and can effectively control dependencies. key words: Likelihood ratio, the low-frequency problem, the zero-frequency problem, uLSIF.","PeriodicalId":348826,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114950124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}