{"title":"Nevoid Hyperkeratosis of the Nipple – A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"B. Kumar, S. Somaiah","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_59_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_59_21","url":null,"abstract":"Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola (NHNA) is a rare, benign, idiopathic condition, which occurs predominantly in women of child-bearing age. It is characterized by asymptomatic, hyperkeratotic, verrucous plaques, and either unilateral or bilateral over the nipple and areola. It has to be differentiated from Darier disease, seborrheic keratosis, atopic dermatitis, Paget's disease, frictional hyperkeratosis, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Fused rete ridges, compact orthohyperkeratosis, and filiform papillomatosis are seen on histopathology. Dermoscopy shows keratotic structureless areas with brownish clods. There is no specific treatment, long-term use of calcipotriol and keratolytic agents for more than 6 months, and surgical therapy is recommended. This case is reported to highlight the use of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of NHNA.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46931855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psoriasis and its association with metabolic syndrome: A case–Control study at a tertiary care center in a semi-Urban region of South India","authors":"Akshay Samagani, H. Yadalla, P. Belliappa","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_33_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_33_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been associated with skin diseases such as psoriasis. They share a common inflammatory pathway and therefore have an impact on each other. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of MS and its individual components in psoriasis patients to that of the controls and to compare the characteristics in psoriasis patients with and without the MS. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic plaque psoriasis were evaluated for the prevalence of MS and compared with the age- and sex-matched controls. Results: The study population belongs to the semi-urban region with a low socioeconomic status. The psoriatic cases showed male preponderance, and the majority of the subjects belonged to 31–40 years of age group. The mean psoriasis area severity index score among cases was 26.19 ± 10.8, and 92% of cases were with severe disease affecting the quality of life. MS was found to be statistically significant in cases. The cases with MS had a higher prevalence of central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated fasting blood glucose levels, and hypertension. The presence of MS in psoriasis patients was statistically independent of the severity. Conclusions: Psoriasis patients should be periodically evaluated for metabolic syndrome to prevent the associated mortalities and for their effective management.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43738636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Sharma, Amandeep Saluja, S. Meena, Kalpana Gupta
{"title":"A Randomized Control Study of Oral Itraconazole versus Itraconazole with Terbinafine in the Treatment of Dermatophytosis","authors":"D. Sharma, Amandeep Saluja, S. Meena, Kalpana Gupta","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_117_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_117_21","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatophyte infections are one of the first known fungal infections of humankind and are most common throughout the world. The antifungal therapies over the past 30 years have improved, but the phenomenon of antifungal resistance is still of major concern. Combination therapies can show great promise in overcoming this problem to broaden the spectrum of activity, enhance the rate or extent of killing, and minimize the development of resistance. To find out the therapeutic efficacy of itraconazole versus itraconazole with terbinafine for the treatment of dermatophytosis. A prospective study was conducted for a duration of 1 year on 64 patients diagnosed with dermatophytosis and was randomly divided into two groups. Group A was given oral itraconazole whereas Group B received oral itraconazole and oral terbinafine for 4 weeks along with levocetirizine daily for 2 weeks and miconazole 2% topically for 6 weeks. The measurability criteria were done on detailed clinical examination (itching, erythema, size, number, scaling, and margin) and through photographic assessment. The mean difference and standard deviation of total scores for group A were 10.12 ± 4.09 and for group B were 9.94 and 3.75, respectively. The P value was not significant (P = 0.78). Out of 64 cases, 3 (5%) patients complained of gastric discomfort, 2 (3%) patients complained of nausea, and 1 (1%) of dizziness. This study revealed that there was a highly significant improvement in both groups with no significant difference in their clinical criteria.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70700644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rakowska, L. Rudnicka, M. Olszewska, B. Bergler-Czop, J. Czuwara, L. Brzezińska-Wcisło, J. Narbutt, W. Placek, Barbara Zegarska
{"title":"Alopecia areata. Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations\u0000of the Polish Society of Dermatology. Part 2: Treatment","authors":"A. Rakowska, L. Rudnicka, M. Olszewska, B. Bergler-Czop, J. Czuwara, L. Brzezińska-Wcisło, J. Narbutt, W. Placek, Barbara Zegarska","doi":"10.5114/dr.2023.127705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/dr.2023.127705","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment goal in alopecia areata is induction of hair regrowth and halting the progression of the disease. Treatment decisions depend on the severity of the alopecia areata as assessed by the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) or the Alopecia Areata Scale (AAS). In mild alopecia areata, very ultra-high potency topical glucocorticoids and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide are the mainstay of treatment. In moderate to severe alopecia areata, systemic treatment is usually required. Currently, the only drug dedicated for alopecia areata, approved in Europe and the United States is baricitinib. Ritlecitinib, a JAK3/TEC inhibitor is expected to be the second approved drug for this indication in the up-coming future. Other systemic medications used in alopecia areata also include glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, and methotrexate. Contact immunotherapy may be considered. In alopecia areata, long-maintenance treatment is of substantial significance.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77255960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}