{"title":"Interpreting Issues of Heredity and Inheritance in Holmesian Children through Criminal Anthropology and Degeneration Theory","authors":"Camilla Del Grazia","doi":"10.46911/pgju8675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46911/pgju8675","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the ways in which childhood in the Holmesian canon tends to epitomise pervasive Victorian anxieties connected with inheritance and heredity in their double economic and genetic significance. On the one hand, because children represent an earlier state of biological and social development, their growth and education are seen as potential paths to progress. On the other, they become the physical embodiment of previous stages of evolution that so plagued the Victorian imagination, and can exhibit signs of regression and degeneration. Simultaneously, children also carry socio-economic value, as the heirs to their parents’ property. Their helplessness in defending themselves and, as a result, this economic patrimony, adds to their liminal position: children in the canon become the expression of hope for the future and the progress of society, and at the same time, of the fear of impoverishment and regression. Finally, the article shows that the action of the detective, whose scientific approach incorporates criminal anthropology alongside hard sciences, ultimately strives to decode the unpredictable, uncontrollable offspring of Victorian society. His normalising action targets inheritance in its ambivalence, striving to restore order in the economic-juridical domain and investigating the transmittance of hereditary traits.","PeriodicalId":34865,"journal":{"name":"Victorian Popular Fictions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45202429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reviews of The Commodification of Identity in Victorian Narrative: Autobiography, Sensation, and the Literary Marketplace by Sean Grass","authors":"K. Nogue","doi":"10.46911/yckv8512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46911/yckv8512","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34865,"journal":{"name":"Victorian Popular Fictions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49554434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Degenerative Doctoring: Coercion, Experimentation and Ethics in Arthur Machen’s Gothic Horror","authors":"Thomas G. Cole II","doi":"10.46911/bzop1116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46911/bzop1116","url":null,"abstract":"In “The Inmost Light” and The Great God Pan Arthur Machen demonstrates a medicalised sexism through unethical human experimentation performed on women by doctors who experiment no matter the cost. In Machen’s stories, the sensationalism is meant to create a feeling of horror and disgust that hinges on the cruelty the public had begun to associate with experimental medical science. The narratives also engage with nineteenth-century perspectives on degeneration, women, and rape. Machen’s use of a sexualised rape metaphor dehumanises women and retains a gendered doctor-patient relationship. In light of this gendered relationship, this article considers Machen’s use of elements drawn from the Gothic in relation to the depiction of medicalised sexism and medical ethics in two pieces of his popular fiction.","PeriodicalId":34865,"journal":{"name":"Victorian Popular Fictions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41393407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Threads of Identity: Fashion, Finery, and Performance in Ellen Wood’s East Lynne and Wilkie Collins’s No Name","authors":"Emma Butler-Way","doi":"10.46911/lqae9908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46911/lqae9908","url":null,"abstract":"As Polonius tells his son in Hamlet, “the apparel oft proclaims the man” (I.iii.72). This article takes this idea and re-situates it within the sartorial and cultural contexts of the mid-nineteenth century in order to examine the construction and performance of identity in Ellen Wood’s East Lynne (1861) and Wilkie Collins’s No Name (1862). This article draws, in particular, on Mariana Valverde’s 1989 examination of what she terms the “ideology of finery” – a distinctly class-based notion that plays on anxieties that surrounded the blurring of class lines as fashion became increasingly democratised as the Victorian era progressed. This article argues that the use of “finery” as a pejorative term throughout East Lynne has an intrinsic effect upon how the contemporary readers’ responses to Barbara Hare and Isabel Carlyle were shaped. This idea of “finery” also appears in No Name, as Magdalen Vanstone’s scepticism and cynicism regarding sartorially-defined class distinctions is contrasted with her maid Louisa’s horror at the prospect of wearing a silk gown. Ultimately, this article examines how fashion – the manipulation thereof, its class-based connotations, and its ability to shape character – is inherent to the narratives of East Lynne and No Name.","PeriodicalId":34865,"journal":{"name":"Victorian Popular Fictions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46242723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Fast lapsing back into barbarism”: Social Evolution, the Myth of Progress and the Gothic Past in Late-Victorian Invasion and Catastrophe Fiction","authors":"Ailise Bulfin","doi":"10.46911/hnuv4351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46911/hnuv4351","url":null,"abstract":"While neo-barbarian dystopian futures are typically associated with contemporary popular culture, they were not, in fact, uncommon in late-Victorian popular fiction, especially in the politically charged, future-oriented popular fiction subgenres of invasion fiction and catastrophe fiction. Focusing on a representative tale from each subgenre – George Griffith’s Olga Romanoff (1894) and Richard Jefferies’ After London (1885) – this article shows how they made innovative use of the gothic to show the future following a large-scale war or natural disaster as a decline back into an exaggerated version of the barbaric past. Reworking the familiar gothic trope of doomed inheritance, the tales showed nemesis occurring not on an individual or familial level, but on an extensive societal scale in keeping with their sweeping narratives of mass death and its aftermath. In presenting a post-catastrophe relapse to barbarism, the tales were extrapolating from the social evolution theories of Herbert Spencer and Walter Bagehot which, though delineating the forward tendency of western social progress, allowed the fearful corollary that in periods of crisis advanced societies might also regress. While popular fiction’s engagement with theories of biological degeneration has been well researched, engagements with these theories of societal reversion have received less attention. Applying them to invasion and catastrophe fiction elucidates how the tales used their regressive futures to warn hubristic nineteenth-century modernity about its potential comeuppance if it continued to either aggressively militarise or unthinkingly exploit the non-human world, two major negative social tendencies which were the source of considerable contemporary anxiety.","PeriodicalId":34865,"journal":{"name":"Victorian Popular Fictions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46855763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reappraising Penny Fiction","authors":"S. Basdeo, Rebecca Nesvet","doi":"10.46911/dhbv6145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46911/dhbv6145","url":null,"abstract":"This Introduction to the Special Volume of Victorian Popular Fictions Journal titled “Reappraising Penny Fiction” defines penny fiction, surveys its prehistory, and reconstructs its emergence in the nineteenth-century British media and globally. The article then engages with the ongoing scholarly debate about “penny dreadfuls” and theorises how misconceptions about the genre developed and were circulated by critics and scholars. Finally, the article introduces the central questions and themes of the special issue, as well as the individual articles. Victorian penny fiction has long been considered disturbing yet compelling; we hope that our volume reveals why that is so.","PeriodicalId":34865,"journal":{"name":"Victorian Popular Fictions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70654305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editor, Reader, and Value for Money in Young Folks","authors":"Madeline B. Gangnes","doi":"10.46911/rqqu4030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46911/rqqu4030","url":null,"abstract":"Our Young Folks Weekly Budget (1871–97) is among the longest-running Victorian periodicals designed for child readers. Beginning as a halfpenny weekly, it soon doubled its price to establish its format as a children’s story paper similar to The Boy’s Own Paper (1879–1939) and comparable children’s weeklies. Throughout its publication, Young Folks displays an explicit concern with value for money, balancing assertions of quality with a desire to maintain its price. This article explores some of the ways in which the paper’s editors built their community of readers, explained changes to the paper’s length, format, and price and incorporated reader contributions to promote circulation. Through an examination of interactions between “the Editor” (James Henderson’s editorial team) and readers of Young Folks, this article charts a concerted effort to keep readers persuaded that every change made to the paper was in service of value to the consumer. At a time when periodicals strove to satisfy readers’ appetites for high-quality content while also keeping prices low, Young Folks employed specific strategies to remain a penny weekly that adapted to significant changes in its readership for over two decades.","PeriodicalId":34865,"journal":{"name":"Victorian Popular Fictions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70654454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Founded on Fact”: Paratextual Politics in Penny Fiction","authors":"S. Raine","doi":"10.46911/cxkv6018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46911/cxkv6018","url":null,"abstract":"In the preface of James Malcolm Rymer’s The Night Adventurer (1846), the writer claims that, contrary to popular opinion, the “masses” were attracted to stories on “account of their truthfulness” rather than “wild, romantic literature” (1846: Preface). Indeed, the ‘factual’ basis for penny serials was so marketable that numerous prefaces, author notes and newspaper advertisements emphasised how these serials were “founded on fact.” While there were sensationalist purposes for using factual biographies of criminals, the use of non-fictional sources has, I argue, a far more philanthropic social purpose which outlines the radical politics of the authors. For penny fiction, which was often deemed as harmless and derivative content, the authority the paratext proffered was vital in demonstrating its active engagement with social and political issues. Penny fiction authors used paratextual space to create authority, establishing affinity between author and reader in order to disseminate and support the moral of the fictional narrative in a more effective way. Writers exploited the unique, composite style of penny fiction, pioneered by George W. M Reynolds in The Mysteries of London (1844–6), to disseminate their political agendas, educate their readership and assert themselves as writers of serious literature.","PeriodicalId":34865,"journal":{"name":"Victorian Popular Fictions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70654359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Amy Matthewson, Cartooning China: Punch, Power, & Politics in the Victorian Era","authors":"Weihao Gao","doi":"10.46911/xmlr4843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46911/xmlr4843","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34865,"journal":{"name":"Victorian Popular Fictions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70654720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What’s in a Name? Mr. and Mrs. Lovett and the Politics of Penny Fiction","authors":"Rebecca Nesvet","doi":"10.46911/kjwl9326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46911/kjwl9326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34865,"journal":{"name":"Victorian Popular Fictions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70653919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}