Economic Research Report最新文献_第3页

Changing Structure, Financial Risks, and Government Policy for the U.S. Dairy Industry 美国乳业结构变化、金融风险和政府政策

Economic Research Report Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.262200

J. Macdonald, J. Cessna, R. Mosheim

{"title":"Changing Structure, Financial Risks, and Government Policy for the U.S. Dairy Industry","authors":"J. Macdonald, J. Cessna, R. Mosheim","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.262200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.262200","url":null,"abstract":"Congress reorganized dairy policy in the Agricultural Act of 2014 when it eliminated three programs and created the Dairy Margin Protection Program. The new program aims to provide farmers with financial protection against risks from increasing vola - tility in milk and feed prices. These developments occurred amid ongoing structural change toward larger dairy farms, as well as ongoing change in dairy product demand, away from fluid milk, and toward manufactured products sold in domestic and export markets. This report focuses on the interrelated topics of structural change in dairy production, changes in dairy product markets, growing price volatility, and dairy policy. It details the major developments in each, traces the linkages among them, and identifies the challenges that structural change, evolving product markets, and price volatility pose for policy. ----- Errata On May 17, the following corrections were made to ERR-205, Changing Structure, Financial Risks, and Government Policy for the U.S. Dairy Industry . Three cells in Table 3 were updated as follows: “Western States, 3,000-3,999 head in 1992\" (19), “Traditional States, 1,000-1,999 head in 1997\" (54), and “Other States, 1,000-1,999 head in 2002\" (56). On page 10, the State in which Shamrock Farms is located was corrected. In addition, Appendix table A-2 was updated to reflect return-on-equity calculations for the full rather than a restricted sample of dairy farms.","PeriodicalId":348588,"journal":{"name":"Economic Research Report","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126539752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Estimating the Effects of Selected Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade on U.S.-EU Agricultural Trade 评估选定的卫生和植物检疫措施和技术性贸易壁垒对美欧农业贸易的影响

Economic Research Report Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.212887

Shawn Arita, L. Mitchell, Jayson Beckman

引用次数: 25

Agriculture in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: Tariffs, Tariff-Rate Quotas, and Non-Tariff Measures 跨大西洋贸易和投资伙伴关系中的农业:关税、关税税率配额和非关税措施

Economic Research Report Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.212886

Jayson Beckman, Shawn Arita, L. Mitchell, M. Burfisher

{"title":"Agriculture in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: Tariffs, Tariff-Rate Quotas, and Non-Tariff Measures","authors":"Jayson Beckman, Shawn Arita, L. Mitchell, M. Burfisher","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.212886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.212886","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) between the United States and the European Union (EU) aims to address several important barriers facing agricultural trade, including tariffs, tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), and non-tariff measures (NTMs). Estimated ad valorem tariff equivalents of tariffs/TRQs and NTMs currently in place are as high as 120 percent, significantly limiting trade between the two regions. This study uses model simulations to assess the effects of T-TIP on agriculture under three broad scenarios: complete removal of tariffs and TRQs; elimination of select NTMs along with tariffs and TRQs; and a lowering of the willingness of consumers to purchase imported goods previously limited by NTMs. Results of all scenarios suggest an increase in U.S.-EU agricultural trade from T-TIP, benefiting both regions. While the United States realizes a relative increase in agricultural exports, the EU benefits from lower import prices and larger macroeconomic gains than the United States. The estimated annual increase in U.S.-EU agricultural trade ranges from $6.3 billion to $11.6 billion when compared with the 2011 base year.","PeriodicalId":348588,"journal":{"name":"Economic Research Report","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128771757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Economies of Scale, the Lunch-Breakfast Ratio, and the Cost of USDA School Breakfasts and Lunches 规模经济，午餐-早餐比例，以及美国农业部学校早餐和午餐的成本

Economic Research Report Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.212480

M. Ollinger, J. Guthrie

{"title":"Economies of Scale, the Lunch-Breakfast Ratio, and the Cost of USDA School Breakfasts and Lunches","authors":"M. Ollinger, J. Guthrie","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.212480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.212480","url":null,"abstract":"Through USDA’s National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs, schools receive financial support to assist them in serving nutritious meals to students. Meal reimbursements are provided to a school food authority (SFA) on the basis of a child’s financial need, allowing schools to provide healthy meals to low-income students for free or at a reduced price. Reimbursement rates are set nationwide, yet variation in school location, size, and other factors may influence the costs to schools for providing meals, with implications for the adequacy of reimbursement. Previous ERS research using data from the 2002-03 school year found that school food service costs vary by location. This study uses those same data to build on that research by examining breakfast and lunch costs separately to assess how economies of scale and the balance between the number of breakfasts and lunches served affect costs. Costs of both breakfasts and lunches vary considerably across SFAs. Economies of scale exist for both breakfasts and lunches but are much stronger for breakfasts. The balance between breakfasts and lunches served also affects costs, with the cost per breakfast dropping dramatically as the number of breakfasts and lunches served become more balanced.","PeriodicalId":348588,"journal":{"name":"Economic Research Report","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133899017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Household Food Security in the United States in 2014 2014年美国家庭食品安全

Economic Research Report Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.262204

Alisha Coleman-Jensen, M. Rabbitt, Christian A. Gregory, A. Singh

{"title":"Household Food Security in the United States in 2014","authors":"Alisha Coleman-Jensen, M. Rabbitt, Christian A. Gregory, A. Singh","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.262204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.262204","url":null,"abstract":"An estimated 86.0 percent of American households were food secure throughout the entire year in 2014, meaning that they had access at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life for all household members. The remaining households (14.0 percent) were food insecure at least some time during the year, including 5.6 percent with very low food security, meaning that the food intake of one or more household members was reduced and their eating patterns were disrupted at times during the year because the household lacked money and other resources for food. The change in food insecurity overall from the prior year (from 14.3 percent in 2013) was not statistically significant. The cumulative decline in food insecurity from 2011 (14.9 percent) to 2014 (14.0 percent) was statistically significant. The prevalence rate of very low food security was essentially unchanged from 5.6 percent in 2013 and 5.7 percent in 2011 and 2012. Children and adults were food inse - cure in 9.4 percent of households with children in 2014, essentially unchanged from 9.9 percent in 2013 and 10.0 percent in 2011 and 2012. In 2014, the typical food-secure house - hold spent 26 percent more on food than the typical food-insecure household of the same size and household composition. Sixty-one percent of all food-insecure households partic - ipated in one or more of the three largest Federal food and nutrition assistance programs during the month prior to the 2014 survey.","PeriodicalId":348588,"journal":{"name":"Economic Research Report","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116968269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 165

Global Drivers of Agricultural Demand and Supply 全球农业供需驱动因素

Economic Research Report Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.186137

R. Sands, C. Jones, E. Marshall

引用次数: 30

Prevalence of U.S. Food Insecurity Is Related to Changes in Unemployment, Inflation, and the Price of Food 美国食品不安全的普遍性与失业、通货膨胀和食品价格的变化有关

Economic Research Report Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.262213

M. Nord, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Christian A. Gregory

引用次数: 81

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Access at the State and County Levels: Evidence From Texas SNAP Administrative Records and the American Community Survey 补充营养援助计划(SNAP)在州和县层面的获取:来自德克萨斯州SNAP行政记录和美国社区调查的证据

Economic Research Report Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.262218

C. Newman, Erik Scherpf

引用次数: 5

Household Food Security in the United States in 2012 2012年美国家庭食品安全

Economic Research Report Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.262219

Alisha Coleman-Jensen, M. Nord, A. Singh

{"title":"Household Food Security in the United States in 2012","authors":"Alisha Coleman-Jensen, M. Nord, A. Singh","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.262219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.262219","url":null,"abstract":"An estimated 85.5 percent of American households were food secure throughout the entire year in 2012, meaning that they had access at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life for all household members. The remaining households (14.5 percent) were food insecure at least some time during the year, including 5.7 percent with very low food security—meaning that the food intake of one or more household members was reduced and their eating patterns were disrupted at times during the year because the household lacked money and other resources for food. The change in food insecurity overall (from 14.9 percent in 2011) was not statistically significant. The prevalence rate of very low food security was unchanged from 5.7 percent in 2011. Children were food-insecure in 10.0 percent of households with children in 2012, unchanged from 2011. In 2012, the typical food-secure household spent 26 percent more on food than the typical food-insecure household of the same size and household composition. Fifty-nine percent of all food- insecure households participated in one or more of the three largest Federal food and nutrition assistance programs during the month prior to the 2012 survey.","PeriodicalId":348588,"journal":{"name":"Economic Research Report","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121234214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 235

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participation Leads to Modest Changes in Diet Quality 补充营养援助计划(SNAP)的参与导致饮食质量的适度变化

Economic Research Report Pub Date : 2013-04-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.262225

Christian A. Gregory, M. Ploeg, M. Andrews, Alisha Coleman-Jensen

{"title":"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participation Leads to Modest Changes in Diet Quality","authors":"Christian A. Gregory, M. Ploeg, M. Andrews, Alisha Coleman-Jensen","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.262225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.262225","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has shown that the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) effectively reduces food insecurity. Questions remain, however, about the extent to which SNAP affects the quality of adult participants’ diets. These questions have surfaced in the context of the increasing public costs of diet-related illnesses, such as diabetes, high blood cholesterol, and heart disease, and have led to discussions about restricting the use of SNAP benefits to purchase some food items. This report examines Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores for adults in low-income households that do and do not participate in SNAP. To disentangle the choice of whether to participate in SNAP from diet choices, this model uses a unique data set that matches State-level SNAP policy variables to individual-level data from four waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Two important kinds of results emerge: the effect of SNAP on the diet quality of those who choose to enroll, and a total comparison of SNAP participants and nonparticipants after SNAP’s effects are taken into account. On the first, this report shows that SNAP participation results in a large increase in the likelihood of consuming whole fruit and a slightly lower consumption of dark green/orange vegetables. On the second, the report finds that SNAP participants have slightly lower HEI scores (both total and components) than nonparticipants, meaning that they have slightly lower diet quality. They do, however, consume less saturated fat and sodium than nonparticipants.","PeriodicalId":348588,"journal":{"name":"Economic Research Report","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121558459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 74