ACM DEV-4 '13最新文献

A social network-based architecture for on-line RoSCAs in the developing world 一个基于社交网络的架构，用于发展中国家的在线rosca

ACM DEV-4 '13 Pub Date : 2013-12-06 DOI: 10.1145/2537052.2537070

Gilles Kounou, Christian Akpona, Herve Ahouantchede, Rose Gohoue, F. Belqasmi, R. Glitho

引用次数: 2

Lowering the barrier: how the what-you-see-is-what-you-map paradigm enables people to contribute volunteered geographic information 降低障碍:“所见即所图”模式如何使人们自愿贡献地理信息

ACM DEV-4 '13 Pub Date : 2013-12-06 DOI: 10.1145/2537052.2537056

Falko Schmid, L. Frommberger, Chunyuan Cai, F. Dylla

{"title":"Lowering the barrier: how the what-you-see-is-what-you-map paradigm enables people to contribute volunteered geographic information","authors":"Falko Schmid, L. Frommberger, Chunyuan Cai, F. Dylla","doi":"10.1145/2537052.2537056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2537052.2537056","url":null,"abstract":"In developing countries, Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) can be a valuable source of information, as often no detailed geo-data is available. Furthermore, it enables to aggregate local knowledge that can only be provided by local stakeholders. However, due to the complexity of tools and workflows of VGI applications, the participation within VGI projects is typically limited to technically skilled persons. We propose to focus on task-specific interfaces to integrate inexperienced user groups in the data collection process. For the example of micro-mapping we show how What-You-See-Is-What-You-Map (WYSIWYM) interfaces can lower the technological barriers compared to generic user interfaces and allow the contribution of precise geometric geographic data even for technologically uneducated persons. We report on two user studies in two different settings: the first study compares the general quantitative and qualitative aspects of user-generated data of three different geographic data collection tools, and the second study investigates the robustness of these results with a focus on the technological barrier with technologically untrained farmers in rural Laos. We are able to show that WYSIWYM interfaces foster the contribution of data of promising quality and at the same time significantly lower the barrier of usage. Thus, WYSIWYM is well suited to integrate contributors with limited technological knowledge into VGI processes and enables crowdsourcing geographic information at a local level.","PeriodicalId":348018,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV-4 '13","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128880985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Leveraging Raspberry Pi for interactive education 利用树莓派进行互动教育

ACM DEV-4 '13 Pub Date : 2013-12-06 DOI: 10.1145/2537052.2537068

F. Cuomo, Eric Mibuari, Komminist Weldemariam, O. Stewart

引用次数: 9

The increased bandwidth fallacy: performance and usage in rural Zambia 增加带宽的谬论:赞比亚农村的性能和使用

ACM DEV-4 '13 Pub Date : 2013-12-06 DOI: 10.1145/2537052.2537060

M. Zheleva, Paul Schmitt, M. Vigil, E. Belding-Royer

{"title":"The increased bandwidth fallacy: performance and usage in rural Zambia","authors":"M. Zheleva, Paul Schmitt, M. Vigil, E. Belding-Royer","doi":"10.1145/2537052.2537060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2537052.2537060","url":null,"abstract":"Broadband Internet access has become a critical part of socio-economic prosperity; however, only 6 in 100 inhabitants have access to broadband in developing countries. This limited access is driven predominately by subscriptions in urban areas. In rural developing communities, access is often provided through slow satellite, or other low-bandwidth long-distance wireless links, if available at all. As a result, the quality of the Internet access is often poor and at times unusable. In this paper we study the performance and usage implications of an Internet access upgrade, from a 256kbps satellite link to a 2Mbps terrestrial wireless link in rural Zambia. While usage did not immediately change, performance improved soon after the upgrade. By three months post-upgrade, however, subscribers began to use the faster connection for more bandwidth-hungry applications such as video-streaming and content upload. This change in usage resulted in dramatic deterioration of network performance, whereby the average round trip time doubled, the amount of bytes associated with failed uploads increased by 222% and that of failed downloads by 91%. Thus, while an Internet access upgrade should translate to improved performance and user experience, in rural environments with limited access speed and growing demand, it can bring unexpected consequences.","PeriodicalId":348018,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV-4 '13","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133727951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Customizing and improving medical workflows using ODK survey 使用ODK调查定制和改进医疗工作流程

ACM DEV-4 '13 Pub Date : 2013-12-06 DOI: 10.1145/2537052.2537074

Waylon Brunette, Mitchell Sundt, A. Ginsburg, G. Borriello

引用次数: 2

ODK tables: case studies in deployment ODK表:部署中的案例研究

ACM DEV-4 '13 Pub Date : 2013-12-06 DOI: 10.1145/2537052.2537077

S. Sudar, Saloni Parikh, Mitchell Sundt, G. Borriello

引用次数: 2

An experiment in reducing cellular base station power draw with virtual coverage 虚拟覆盖降低蜂窝基站功耗的实验

ACM DEV-4 '13 Pub Date : 2013-12-06 DOI: 10.1145/2537052.2537058

Kurtis Heimerl, Shaddi Hasan, Kashif Ali, Tapan S. Parikh, E. Brewer

{"title":"An experiment in reducing cellular base station power draw with virtual coverage","authors":"Kurtis Heimerl, Shaddi Hasan, Kashif Ali, Tapan S. Parikh, E. Brewer","doi":"10.1145/2537052.2537058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2537052.2537058","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of access to cellular service often goes hand-in-hand with lack of access to power. For example, the GSM Association estimates that 95% of people living without cellular access in East Africa also lack access to grid power. This situation forces cellular network operators to build out power infrastructure along with their network infrastructure, dramatically increasing costs. While numerous equipment providers offer \"low-power\" GSM Base Stations (BTS) for use with renewable energy sources, these have a power floor of roughly 70W, which still necessitates a large upfront expenditure. The naïve solution to this problem is duty-cycling---simply turning off the equipment for portions of the day, usually at night. This commonly-adopted approach prevents important use cases such as all-hours emergency calling.\u0000 Recently, we proposed a technique called virtual coverage to provide on-demand cellular coverage by introducing a \"sleep\" mode for cellular equipment. The solution turns off the BTS during low-utilization periods, but allows users to power the system back on using specialized autonomous radios if they need to communicate. Incoming communications also wake the BTS, facilitating two-way correspondence. While a potential solution, no real-world deployments have yet validated virtual coverage.\u0000 The core goal of this work is do just that; we utilize virtual coverage to provide both low power consumption and on-demand access in a real cellular network during a six-month deployment in rural Papua, Indonesia. We demonstrate that the system was used and understood by customers, with more than half of subscribers using the system during \"night\" (i.e., on-battery) hours, making 730 outbound and receiving 755 inbound communications. Our scheme also allowed the BTS to be in low-power mode for 87% of night hours, reducing night power draw by 56.6%. We believe these results demonstrate that virtual coverage is a viable solution for reducing power draw in rural cellular networks.","PeriodicalId":348018,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV-4 '13","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123749188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Information protection in video relay services 视频中继业务中的信息保护

ACM DEV-4 '13 Pub Date : 2013-12-06 DOI: 10.1145/2537052.2537076

A. Henney, W. Tucker

{"title":"Information protection in video relay services","authors":"A. Henney, W. Tucker","doi":"10.1145/2537052.2537076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2537052.2537076","url":null,"abstract":"This work in progress paper reports on initial research into the protection of information of the individuals that make use of video relay services. Our research team has developed an application called SignSupport, to aid in the communication between a text illiterate Deaf person and a non-signing pharmacist. After a Deaf person hands SignSupport to the pharmacist, s/he can view the prescription in South African Sign Language. SignSupport keeps personal and medical information on the phone that needs to be protected. This project focuses on the provision and security of voice and video over Internet Protocol transmission for video/voice relay integrated into SignSupport. Areas of research include: authentication methods, sign language video encryption techniques, and secure and protected data transit for an IP-based relay system. We also intend to implement and evaluate these security measures within the context of the South African Protection of Private Information Bill. Action research methodology will apply to this project, with consultation from inter-disciplinary groups such as the Deaf Community of Cape Town, legal experts, network and information security experts as well as application developers, for input and direction of this research.","PeriodicalId":348018,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV-4 '13","volume":"129 Pt 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131170441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Experiences in designing a mobile GIS mapping tool for rural farmers in Ghana 为加纳农村农民设计移动GIS制图工具的经验

ACM DEV-4 '13 Pub Date : 2013-12-06 DOI: 10.1145/2537052.2537081

Sunandan Chakraborty, Tiffany Tong, Jay Chen, Afshan Aman, T. Mufti, Yaw Nyarko, L. Subramanian

引用次数: 1

Ecologies of use and design: individual and social practices of mobile phone use within low-literate rickshawpuller communities in urban Bangladesh 使用和设计生态学:孟加拉国城市文化水平低的黄包车车夫社区中移动电话使用的个人和社会实践

ACM DEV-4 '13 Pub Date : 2013-12-06 DOI: 10.1145/2537052.2537066

Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, S. Jackson, Maruf Zaber, M. B. Morshed, Md. Habibullah Bin Ismail, Sharmin Afrose

{"title":"Ecologies of use and design: individual and social practices of mobile phone use within low-literate rickshawpuller communities in urban Bangladesh","authors":"Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, S. Jackson, Maruf Zaber, M. B. Morshed, Md. Habibullah Bin Ismail, Sharmin Afrose","doi":"10.1145/2537052.2537066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2537052.2537066","url":null,"abstract":"Making technology accessible to low literate users and communities is an important challenge of ICTD research and practice. Past work in the field has addressed the problem of effective UI (User Interface) design under low literacy conditions, exploring graphic or audio alternatives to text-centered interfaces on the basis of studies that take individual users and user-interface interactions as their central unit of analysis. Our study complements this work through an alternative 'ecological' model, in which literacy-based barriers to technology use are encountered not by individual users but embedded social actors who draw on external networks, resources, and infrastructures to manage the problems that literacy poses. Based on a six month ethnographic study of mobile phone use within a low-literate rickshawpuller community in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we explore the literacy-based barriers to use experienced by our study population, and the external networks and connections that users draw on to work around such barriers. We conclude with design and wider research recommendations that may expand the toolkit of researchers seeking to better address these and other ICTD problems.","PeriodicalId":348018,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV-4 '13","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131466578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30