EngRN: Operations Research (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Network Analysis of Local Currency Asian Government Bond Markets: Assessments of the ABFI and the ABMI","authors":"Tatsuyoshi Miyakoshi, Junji Shimada","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3973812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3973812","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to assess local currency (LCY) Asian government bond markets using network analysis during the period 2001–2017. In particular, we (i) assess how the network of the markets is connected (integrated), (ii) assess how the risks over the network diverge following a risk shock in one market, and (iii) determine under what conditions rapid reconvergence occurs. We found that the network of LCY Asian government bond markets is fully connected by the Asian Bond Fund Initiative and the Asian Bond Market Initiative, and thus, risk can reach further out faster in the web of stronger relationships in the post-2008 period. The quarantine of and assistance for risks in the center market lead to rapid reconvergence compared with other markets. These findings suggest the success of LCY Asian government bond financing promoted by ABFI and ABMI, triggering LCY Asian corporate bond financing.","PeriodicalId":347939,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Operations Research (Topic)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123486812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greedy Switching Functions on Time Scales","authors":"Alexander S. Estes","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3943667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3943667","url":null,"abstract":"Submodular functions are an important class of real-valued functions whose domains are the power set of some finite collection of items. An existing result states that, given an monotonic submodular objective function, a greedy algorithm achieves an approximation ratio of at worst 1-1/e. More recently, a similar result was shown for functions whose domain is a class of objects called continuous sequences. We generalize both of existing works by defining a class of objects called switching functions. Suppose that there is a system with a finite number of possible configurations and a set of times at which the configuration may be altered; this set of times may be discrete or continuous. A switching function represents a policy that chooses a configuration at each point in time, and that switches the configuration a finite number of times. We show that, given some regularity conditions reminiscent of submodularity, a greedy algorithm for constructing switching function provides an approximation ratio. This generalizes existing results concerning submodular functions and sequence submodular functions. This provides a unified approach to greedy algorithms with qualities analogous to submodularity in discrete and continuous settings.","PeriodicalId":347939,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Operations Research (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128878778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bulk and Stainless Ferroalloys Markets: Fundamentals, Trends and Forecasts","authors":"Nils A Backeberg, J. Bedder, E. Sardain","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3927686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3927686","url":null,"abstract":"The last two decades have seen structural changes to ferroalloy supply chains in response to the development of China’s steel industry, which now represents more than 50% of global crude steel and stainless steel output. The scale and sustained nature of Chinese demand have reshaped ferroalloy and raw material supply chains, albeit to varying degrees. In this paper, the ferroalloys industry is subdivided into bulk alloys (manganese and silicon), stainless alloys (chromium and nickel) and noble alloys (molybdenum, niobium and vanadium), reflecting the data availability from Roskill Information Services’ (Roskill) internal database. Manganese, silicon and chromium alloy prices are generally underpinned by the marginal cost of production, although trends in recent years have seen demand move prices up before an ensuing oversupply and the growing availability of cheaper substitutes pushed prices down in some markets. Noble alloys are used in more niche steel applications. Their prices are generally more susceptible to supply and demand dynamics (as is the price of nickel), rather than being fundamentally driven by costs. In these markets, short term supply-demand imbalances and market sentiment can have a considerable impact on material availability and price dynamics. Over the 2020s, Roskill forecasts that China will reach a peak in crude steel output. Over the same period, the steel industry in the country will continue its restructuring process with stricter environmental standards and industry consolidation, while gaining in efficiency and balancing its comparative and competitive advantages. This will have considerable and variable impacts on steel makers, ferroalloy producers and raw material suppliers domestically and abroad. This paper looks at historical market trends for steel alloys and outlines the key narratives that are expected to define the next decade.","PeriodicalId":347939,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Operations Research (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134024911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloud Manufacturing with Fuzzy Inference Systems: A Supply Chain Approach to Post Covid-19 Economy","authors":"Sam Kolahgar, M. Nateghi, Azadeh Babaghaderi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3918522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3918522","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic shocked the managerial team with unprecedented fluctuations in supply, demand, and transportation of goods and services. The lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic proved the urgent need for agility and flexibility in response to similar future crises. This paper proposes a cloud manufacturing model as a clustered supply chain approach that incorporates fuzzy inference systems to provide a platform for the post-COVID-19-economy. Cloud manufacturing is a way to standardize and increase the system’s reliability, and a fuzzy inference system is suited to deal with highly uncertain circumstances. A fuzzy inference system is integrated into a cloud manufacturing model to incorporate uncertainties related to Time, Quality, Cost, Reliability, and Availability in finding the optimum supply chain of manufacturers and service centers. The model is illustrated via a simulation in the manufacturing context. The proposed approach provides a tool to address the uncertainties and disruptions resulting from wide-scale crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":347939,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Operations Research (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129251605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Компьютерная поддержка процедур оценки воздействия крупномасштабных железнодорожных проектов на показатели общественной эффективности (Computer Support to Procedures for Assessing the Impact of BigScale Railway Projects on Public Performance Indicators)","authors":"Y. Gelrud, Evgeniy Kibalov, Maksim Pyataev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3911794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3911794","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: В статье обосновывается необходимость учёта фактора неопределенности при оценке крупномасштабных железнодорожных проектов. Предлагается алгоритм оценки учёта фактора неопределённости, принципиально отличающийся от метода анализа иерархий Т. Саати, указываются недостатки этого метода, предлагается авторская методика. Показано, что эффекты, гененрируемые крупномасштабными проектами, влияют на сам сценарий развития экономики, вмещающей проект. В этой связи показано, что необходимо оценивать соотношения «проект-сценарий». Приведены экспериментальные расчёты на примере трёх проектируемых магистралей: Ленско- Камчатской Трансполярной и магистрали, связывающей материк с о. Сахалин, в трёх разных сценариях развития внешней среды проектов. Оценку крупномасштабных железнодорожных проектов авторы предлагают осуществлять на макро -, мезо- и микроуровнях. Такой подход позволяет постепенно снижать уровень неопределенности, когда информация, полученная на предыдущем уровне оценки, является исходной для нижестоящего уровня. Каждый из уровней оценки сопровождается соответствующим программным обеспечением. В статье даётся краткое описание функциональности и необходимости использования соответствующих программных продуктов по мере продвижения этапов крупномасштабных проектов от замысла до воплощения. English Abstract: The article substantiates the need to take into account the uncertainty factor when evaluating largescale railway projects. An algorithm for evaluating the accounting of the uncertainty factor is proposed, which is fundamentally different from the hierarchy analysis method by T. Saati, the disadvantages of this method are highlighted, and the author's method is proposed. We show that the effects of largescale projects affect economic development itself. Therefore, the article demonstrates the necessity to evaluate projects in conjunction with the economic scenario. We evaluate three different mainlines (Lensk-Kamchatka Mainline, Transpolar Mainline and the mainline connecting the mainland and Sakhalin Island) under three scenarios of possible project environment. We suggest using three levels of assessment for large-scale railway projects consecutively: macro-level, meso-level, and micro-level. This classification allows to gradually reduce the level of uncertainty. Thus, the information obtained at the previous assessment level becomes the input for the following level. Each of the assessment levels is accompanied by appropriate software. The article provides a brief description of the functionality and the need to use appropriate software products as the stages of large-scale projects progress from their conception to implementation.","PeriodicalId":347939,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Operations Research (Topic)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133196853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Visualization of the Computer Loading Planning Model for the Cargo Aircraft","authors":"Yelyzaveta Sahun, A. Zalevskii, Natalya Chornohor, Y. Sikirda","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2021.235629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.235629","url":null,"abstract":"Loading an aircraft is an extremely complex process with many variable aspects that determine the planning of each flight separately. The article is devoted to the development of an algorithm and a computer model for planning the loading of a cargo ramp aircraft in a multi-lag route. The essence of the algorithm consists in a predetermined arrangement of cargo containers relative to the cargo compartment, taking into account the general limitations of the aircraft and the priority of the cargo, which directly affects the planning of loading in a multi-lag route. The use of a visualized computer model created on the basis of the algorithm can reduce the average time of loading operations for a number of direct flights by almost 7 %, and on multi-lag flights by 12 %. Implementation of the model in the activities of an air carrier avoids a situation where certain criteria and restrictions entail sorting «manually» by all indicators, which is very time-consuming in the context of the urgency of servicing the aircraft at the airport. The visualized load planning computer model enables flight planning personnel to make faster decisions and predict additional load on other sections of the route. The successful application of the model to the airline’s operations contributes to the efficiency and safety of ground handling services. This contributes to the intensification of the use of the aircraft fleet by increasing the speed of commercial cargo handling. In the future, the computer model can serve as the basis for a rule-based expert system in order to prevent containers from being overloaded at intermediate sections of the route","PeriodicalId":347939,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Operations Research (Topic)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124134436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Waste From the Production of Gravel As Fertilizer for Cultivation of Technical Energy Crops","authors":"A. Bondarenko, O. Tverda, M. Repin, K. Tkachuk, O. Kofanov, O. Kofanova","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2021.235198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.235198","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the process of management and treatment of crushed stone production waste. Modern approaches to the disposal of crushed stone production waste are analyzed. It is revealed that crushed stone production wastes are mainly used in the construction industry, and their volumes of use are insufficient to neutralize the impact of dumps on the environment. The chemical composition of crushed stone production wastes was analyzed and an experiment was carried out to determine the possibility of their use as fertilizers for the cultivation of industrial energy crops. For the experiment, an energy crop was chosen – sorghum. Sorghum seeds were placed in two types of soil: regular peat substrate and peat substrate with the addition of rock in a ratio of 60:40. Waste from crushed stone production – rock, which includes: quartzite – 90–98 %, pyrophyllite – 1–9 %, ore mineral – 0.3–1 %. The results of the experiment showed an increase in the biomass of sorghum grown on a peat substrate with the addition of rock, 1.5 times, compared with that grown on a conventional peat substrate. Accordingly, the energy yield of sorghum per hectare of field will also grow by 50 %. In addition to increasing the biomass of sorghum, as a result of the experiment, an increase in the number of secondary and tertiary roots was found when it was grown on a peat substrate with the addition of rock. A more developed root system allows the plant to receive more moisture and nutrients, thereby increasing its endurance and drought resistance. The results obtained can be explained by the positive effect of silica, of which more than 90 % of the rock is composed, on the growth and development of plants. It is proposed to increase the level of environmental safety of mining regions through the use of crushed stone waste as fertilizers for industrial energy crops and the transition to alternative energy sources, in particular biofuels made on the basis of these crops.","PeriodicalId":347939,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Operations Research (Topic)","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116050892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Information Acquisition in M&As: Evidence from SEC EDGAR Web Traffic","authors":"Joanna (Xiaoyu) Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3870845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3870845","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the effects of information acquisition in mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Information acquisition, proxied by downloads of filings on the SEC EDGAR website, improves the market’s assessment of deal synergies and the valuation of non-deal peer firms. Specifically, the information acquisition about merging firms enhances the relation between combined announcement-period abnormal returns and post-merger operating performance of the combined firm. The effects are stronger in deals that experience high institutional downloads and high trading volume. Furthermore, information acquisition in peer firms around M&A announcements strengthens the link between their short-term abnormal stock returns and long-term operating performance. Non-deal firms with greater download activity experience an increase in price informativeness and subsequent takeover probability. Overall, this paper provides supportive evidence that information acquisition improves the market’s assessment of the merger synergies and valuation on merger-related firms.","PeriodicalId":347939,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Operations Research (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115685721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping International Enquiries into the Power of Digital Platforms","authors":"T. Flew, Chun-Pin Su","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3860990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3860990","url":null,"abstract":"After the era of the 'Open Internet' and the 'Platformized Internet', we have entered into a third phase of Internet development where there is a growing focus upon: (1) the economic, political and communications power of digital platforms, and their impact upon workers, consumers, minorities, nation-states, civic discourse, and other media and media-related businesses; (2) questions of governance and responsible stewardship of interactions on digital platforms, and the future of self-regulatory frameworks (e.g. Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act in the U.S.); and (3) the roles and responsibilities of nation-states as regulatory actors in Internet governance, and their relationship to platform companies, multilateral agencies and agreements, and civil society organizations. <br><br>As Philip Schlesinger has observed, there is a growing international 'regulatory field' emerging, albeit one that appears incoherent as it is characterized by disparate interventions by national policy and regulatory agencies motivated by different concerns, from antitrust and monopoly power to the future of news, to disinformation, hate speech, and online incitements to violence. <br><br>This report will mark the first attempt to comprehensively map this emerging regulatory field. Using NVivo software to undertake a detailed textual analysis of 20 reports commissioned by governments in seven countries, as well as by the European Union and the United Nations, we identify common themes around issues such as competition in digital markets, content laws and moderation practices, digital rights, copyright, and the scope and limitations of industry self-regulation. It will mark a valuable resource for researchers, policy-makers and industry in observing both challenges and lessons from various jurisdictions around the world.","PeriodicalId":347939,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Operations Research (Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130236110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best Career Options in 2022","authors":"Abhilash Chandra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3860163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3860163","url":null,"abstract":"Around 10000 years ago, the proto-agricultural practices of our intelligent ancestors developed into the primary fixed agrarian settlements. The planning of labor changed radically at this time. Labor on the land became organized around collective tasks linked with the cycles of the seasons — agriculture and animal husbandry — and around tasks related to the establishment, maintenance, and growth of fixed settlements. However, it's within the nineteenth century within the ranks of the military first, and therefore the offices needed to manage large empires and kingdoms, that a replacement concept starts appearing on the scene. It’s challenging to search out a precise moment when Work became a job. Change is the only constant. The identical thing is applicable to jobs, especially within the coming years.<br><br>Over centuries, immeasurable job opportunities have inherent existence and countless jobs have faded into nothingness. In 2020, pandemic -Millions of people across the world have suffered and their jobs have been taken away. And now, everyone seems to be worried about the long run, especially the upcoming generation. The pandemic has changed the face of schools, colleges, institutions, the employment sector, restaurants, and other businesses. Many more business in the list which has shut down completely, most popular jobs have become redundant, and what not! Technology and intelligence have become more focused. In this light, new career opportunities are supposed to rise in the future. In this article, I will speak about the seven most profitable jobs in 2022. Be careful of them so you will be able to earn more money than you have ever imagined.","PeriodicalId":347939,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Operations Research (Topic)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123372984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}