Zepeng Zhao , Wenguang Zhou , Guozhang Chang , Lungang Chen , Chenguang Wang , Yuhe Liao , Jinxing Long , Longlong Ma , Yong Liu
{"title":"Tailoring selectivity in furfural hydrogenolysis over NiCoAl catalyst through a simple rinsing process","authors":"Zepeng Zhao , Wenguang Zhou , Guozhang Chang , Lungang Chen , Chenguang Wang , Yuhe Liao , Jinxing Long , Longlong Ma , Yong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the structure–activity relationships were investigated in converting biomass-derived furfural into cyclopentanone (CPO) or tetrahydrofuran alcohol (THFA) using a rinsing method to modulate the NiCoAl catalyst. Characterization of two catalysts, NiCoAl (without rinsing) and NiCoAl-R (with rinsing), reveals differences in morphology, composition, and acidity. Rinsing induced a transition from agglomerate to layered structure in NiCoAl-R, which exhibited higher acid strength and improved Lewis to Brønsted acid ratio. NiCoAl-R contained a high percentage of metal oxides, while NiCoAl had a high percentage of metallic species on its surface. These distinctions resulted in varied performance in FFA hydrogenolysis, with NiCoAl-R favoring CPO formation and NiCoAl facilitating THFA production. <em>In situ</em> DRIFTS experiments reveals differing furfural sorption states, and DFT calculations highlighted the higher activity of metal oxides in ring-opening reactions. This investigation elucidates the intricate relationship between catalyst properties and performance, offering insights for tailored catalyst design in biomass conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"440 ","pages":"Article 115845"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Honghui Gong , Longxing Wei , Qi Li , Fei Wang , Yihan Jin , Xiaojing Zhang , Kexin Guo , Yuan Ma , Xian-Lei Shi
{"title":"N, P co-doped porous biochar supported electron deficient Niδ+ for domino reductive amination and amidation of levulinic acid with nitroarenes to N-substituted pyrrolidones using methyl formate","authors":"Honghui Gong , Longxing Wei , Qi Li , Fei Wang , Yihan Jin , Xiaojing Zhang , Kexin Guo , Yuan Ma , Xian-Lei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of N-substituted pyrrolidones starting from biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) and nitroarenes is a highly attractive route for LA valorization, but still faces challenges. Herein, we report an electron deficient Ni<sup>δ+</sup> catalyst (Ni<sub>2</sub>P/NPCB-600) prepared by doping N and P into coffee biochar using a one-pot carbonization method. Ni<sub>2</sub>P/NPCB-600 shows outperform catalytic performance compared with the corresponding metallic Ni catalysts (Ni/CB-600 and Ni/NPCB-600) in the domino reductive amination and amidation of LA with nitroarenes. Characterization and controlled experiments demonstrate that the high catalytic activity and selectivity of Ni<sub>2</sub>P/NPCB-600 are mainly attributed to the formation of electron deficient Ni<sup>δ+</sup> (Ni<sub>2</sub><sup>δ+</sup>-P<sup>δ-</sup>), which could promote the decomposition of methyl formate, and the adsorption and activation of C=O bonds in LA during the domino reactions. Furthermore, Ni<sub>2</sub>P/NPCB-600 also shows good substrate scope, various N-substituted pyrrolidones can be directly synthesized from LA and different nitroarenes with good to excellent yields (87.5–99 %). This study provides a potential pathway for efficiently producing N-substituted pyrrolidones by adjusting the electron density of Ni.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"440 ","pages":"Article 115848"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinyu Li , Sunzai Ke , Jiayu Yi , Xiang Li , Lijuan Shen , Ruidan Zhang , Min-Quan Yang
{"title":"Surface self-modification of TiO2 for enhanced photocatalytic toluene oxidation via photothermal effect","authors":"Jinyu Li , Sunzai Ke , Jiayu Yi , Xiang Li , Lijuan Shen , Ruidan Zhang , Min-Quan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface modification plays an important role in extending light absorption and enhancing the catalytic performance of semiconductor photocatalysts. However, most current studies focus on pre-modification of the semiconductors before reaction, while surface self-modification of catalyst during photocatalytic reaction process is often neglected. Here, we report the surface self-modification of TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst during photocatalytic oxidation of toluene under UV light irradiation, which changes the colour of TiO<sub>2</sub> from white to yellow, and effectively extends its light absorption range into visible light region. The absorbed visible light is primarily released as thermal energy, significantly increasing the temperature of the catalytic system. Mechanistic studies reveal that the temperature elevation facilitates the separation of photogenerated charge carriers in TiO<sub>2</sub> and promotes the generation of •O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, consequently accelerating the surface redox reactions. The surface self-modified TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibits an enhanced photothermal catalytic benzaldehyde generation of 4485 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> under UV–visible light irradiation, which surpasses the UV-driven activity by a factor of 1.9. This study offers new perspectives on the surface modification of semiconductor photocatalysts during organic transformations. It is anticipated to trigger increased research attention to this effect, ultimately advancing solar-to-chemical energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"440 ","pages":"Article 115846"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Palladium-catalyzed difluoroalkylative carbonylation of unactivated alkenes toward γ-Lactams","authors":"Xin Qi , Yuanrui Wang , Xiao-Feng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>γ-Lactams are important core structure found in various natural and biologically active compounds. And the introducing of difluoromethylene group into a molecule can change its physical, chemical, and biological properties. As carbonylation chemistry represent a powerful and efficient method for the synthesis of carbonylated compounds, we report here an efficient procedure for the construction of difluoroalkylative γ-lactams via palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of alkenes. The desired γ-lactams were produced in moderate to good yields under relatively mild conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"440 ","pages":"Article 115839"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhendong Yu , Zihao Qin , Hongyuan Liu , Shaoyu Yuan , Renjie Huang , Binglin Chen , Zheng Li , Lu Lin , Carol Sze Ki Lin , Xianhai Zeng
{"title":"Selective adsorption and hydrogenolysis of C-OH bond in biomass derived furanic compounds over Ni-TT-Nb2O5","authors":"Zhendong Yu , Zihao Qin , Hongyuan Liu , Shaoyu Yuan , Renjie Huang , Binglin Chen , Zheng Li , Lu Lin , Carol Sze Ki Lin , Xianhai Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selective hydrogenolysis of C-OH in renewable furanic compounds to corresponding high-value products has been attractive yet challenging, and the mechanism remains vague. Herein, a non-noble catalyst (Ni-TT-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) was prepared to address this challenge. Batch and continuous reaction results show that Ni-TT-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> can selectively hydrodeoxygenate 5-hdyroxymethylfurfural to 5-methylfurfural with a very high selectivity of 99%. Moreover, Ni-TT-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> can also selectively hydrodeoxygenate various furanic, benzenoid and aliphatic alcohols, achieving up to > 95% selectivity. <em>In-situ</em> FTIR and DFT calculations showed that compared with other Ni-supported (supports = Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CeO<sub>2</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, ZrO<sub>2</sub>) catalysts, HMF was adsorbed on Ni-TT-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> surface <em>via</em> parallel mode exclusively, and the C-OH bond was easier to be activated. This work therefore explained the mechanism of selective hydrogenolysis of C-OH in HMF over Ni-TT-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, and offered an advanced approach for the upgrading of C-OH-containing furanic compounds as well as benzenoid and aliphatic alcohols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"440 ","pages":"Article 115844"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unusually high selectivity (100 %) of photocatalytic CC coupling achieved by instant reverse reduction of byproducts","authors":"Tianhan Shen, Qipeng Chen, Yue Gao, Zuofei Gu, Huiqing Zhang, Fengyan Shi, Guohua Liu, Yuning Huo, Hexing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photocatalytic C<img>C coupling of benzyl alcohol (BA) into hydrobenzoin (HB), is appealing to obtain high-value chemicals. However, the selectivity of HB is still low due to the inevitable formation of benzaldehyde. Herein, we report In(OH)<sub>3</sub>-ZnS photocatalyst for C<img>C coupling of BA into HB with very high selectivity (∼100 %). The introduction of In(OH)<sub>3</sub> onto ZnS with stable interaction facilitates light harvesting and separation of photo-excited charges. As a result, BA conversion on optimized In(0.1)-ZnS catalyst (73 %) is much higher than ZnS (29 %). Besides, the surface hydroxyl groups derived from In(OH)<sub>3</sub> enables the facile desorption of <img>CH(OH)Ph radical. Therefore, the over oxidation of <img>CH(OH)Ph radical into by-product of benzaldehyde can be effectively inhibited. More significantly, in-situ FTIR spectra and reduction of by-product manifest the instant reverse reduction process of benzaldehyde into <img>CH(OH)Ph radical during C<img>C coupling of BA, which is the key to realizing satisfied HB selectivity (100 %). Theoretical simulations reveal that the weak adsorption of <img>CH(OH)Ph radical over catalyst and the high energy barrier of over-oxidation of <img>CH(OH)Ph into benzaldehyde contributes to the formation of highly selective coupling products. This work will inspire new insights to design rational photoredox systems for organic transformations with high selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"440 ","pages":"Article 115842"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liru Song , Wenyu Wang , Jun Tang , Xu Guo , Xiantai Zhou , Qingping Ke
{"title":"Localized surface plasmon resonance effect–mediated in-situ photochemical–formation of H2O2 for high epoxidation performance over LaSrCoNiO6 nanoparticles","authors":"Liru Song , Wenyu Wang , Jun Tang , Xu Guo , Xiantai Zhou , Qingping Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective aerobic epoxidation of allylic alcohols and olefins presents a promising solution to the modern chemical industry. However, the development of non-noble metal catalysts with superior catalytic performance for this reaction remains a significant challenge. This study introduces a plasmonic photothermal-catalytic system centered around nano LaSrCoNiO<sub>6</sub> (LSCNi-N) catalyst, enabling the epoxidation of cinnamyl alcohol and styrene mediated by LSPR effect under visible light illumination (>420 nm). This catalyst exhibits superior epoxidation catalytic performance, with selectivities of up to 72.3 % in a 93.4 % conversion of cinnamyl alcohol and 91.8 % selectivity of styrene oxide at almost 100 % conversion of styrene. Mechanistic studies reveal that the high selectivity derives from the in-situ photochemical formation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> mediated by the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of LSCNi-N and hole scavenger effect of cinnamyl alcohol. These findings highlight the potential of designing plasmonic transition-metal oxidic catalysts to overcome challenges in selectively synthesizing fine chemicals through visible light catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"440 ","pages":"Article 115841"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yicheng Li , Kai Sun , Shangbo Ning , Panzhe Qiao , Shengyao Wang , Zhou-jun Wang , Liping Zhu , Xiao Zhang , Kang Peng , Xu-sheng Wang , Defa Wang , Lequan Liu , Hui Song , Jinhua Ye
{"title":"Synergistic interplay of CuOx and Pd nanodots on TiO2 for efficient and highly selective photocatalytic oxidation of CH4 to oxygenates with O2","authors":"Yicheng Li , Kai Sun , Shangbo Ning , Panzhe Qiao , Shengyao Wang , Zhou-jun Wang , Liping Zhu , Xiao Zhang , Kang Peng , Xu-sheng Wang , Defa Wang , Lequan Liu , Hui Song , Jinhua Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct photocatalytic methane oxidation to produce liquid oxygenates offers a promising approach for the upgrading of abundant methane under mild conditions, yet it remains a formidable challenge in achieving high reaction rates while maintaining high selectivity. Herein, we report the highly dispersed CuO<sub>x</sub> and Pd nanodots decorated TiO<sub>2</sub> for photocatalytic oxidation of CH<sub>4</sub> with O<sub>2</sub> at room temperature, which exhibits a remarkable C<sub>1</sub> oxygenates production rate of 39.5 mmol·g<sup>−1·</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> with a nearly 100 % selectivity, outperforming most of the state-of-the-art photocatalysts. Both experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the impressive photocatalytic performance is attributed to the synergy of Cu<sup>+</sup> species and Pd nanodots. Cu<sup>+</sup> species not only promote the interfacial electrons transfer from TiO<sub>2</sub> to Pd, but also mediate CH<sub>4</sub> oxidation reaction to avoid overoxidation of oxygenates to CO<sub>2</sub>, while the resulting electron-rich Pd sites boost the production of primary products (CH<sub>3</sub>OOH and CH<sub>3</sub>OH) by lowering the reaction energy. This work provides a new pathway for developing highly efficient photocatalysts for the selective conversion of methane to value-added chemicals by designing bimetallic cocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"440 ","pages":"Article 115840"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computational descriptor for electrochemical currents of carbon dioxide reduction on Cu facets","authors":"Timothy T. Yang, Wissam A. Saidi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computation screening is crucial for designing efficient electrochemical catalysts for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>R) reduction that produce valuable hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Herein, leveraging density functional theory calculations for the CO adsorption energy <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> on seventeen Cu terminations, we discover a strong linear correlation between <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and the experimentally measured CO<sub>2</sub>R electrochemical currents (ACS Catal. 2022, 12, 11, 6578–6588). Examining <em>ab initio</em> thermodynamics of early critical intermediates CO*, COH*, and CHO*, we find that CO* <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> CHO* is the thermodynamically controlling step. <em>Beyond the general CO adsorption energy that only shows a linear trend with CO<sub>2</sub>R activity, we show that the reaction free</em> energy of CO* <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> CHO* <em>is the descriptor for the overall CO<sub>2</sub>R activity for Cu facets, as it displays a volcano relationship with the experimental current.</em> Importantly, we show that high step and kink density of the Cu terminations not only enhances CO adsorption strength but also modulates the CO* <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> CHO* pathway, as respectively exemplified in the (941) and (741) facets. In addition, we explain that the high activity of (741) is due to its relatively low hydrogen evolution reaction activity compared with the other Cu surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"441 ","pages":"Article 115836"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianci Zheng , Shaoxia Weng , Alan J. McCue , Nan Yang , Haowen Ma , Yuan Xie , Yanjun Lin , Yanan Liu , Dianqing Li
{"title":"Cuboidal molybdenum sulfur cluster as a platform to construct novel catalyst for propane dehydrogenation","authors":"Tianci Zheng , Shaoxia Weng , Alan J. McCue , Nan Yang , Haowen Ma , Yuan Xie , Yanjun Lin , Yanan Liu , Dianqing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing demand of short chain olefins such as propylene for plastic production drives the development of high performing catalysts for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). Here, a confinement strategy originating from metal-sulfur clusters was employed to fabricate defective MoPtS<sub>x</sub> phase via anchoring by coordinatively unsaturated Al sites present on alumina, followed by reduction under H<sub>2</sub> flow at high temperature. This catalyst with a low Pt content exhibits great ability for C–H activation with high intrinsic activity and facile propylene desorption in PDH reaction. More importantly, this catalyst shows excellent stability during long-term tests with both stable conversion and selectivity. Through combined X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electron microscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements it could be affirmed that the isolated and electron-enriched Pt sites as well as their proximity to adjacent sulfur vacancies is vital for the first and second C–H bond activation, and suppressing of C–C cleavage which otherwise lead to coking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"440 ","pages":"Article 115831"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}