Kelsi R. Hall , Carlotta Pontremoli , Tom Z. Emrich-Mills , Fabrizio Careddu , Matteo Bonomo , Claudia Barolo , Vincent G.H. Eijsink , Silvia Bordiga , Morten Sørlie
{"title":"Engineering lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) for immobilisation on carbon nanotubes","authors":"Kelsi R. Hall , Carlotta Pontremoli , Tom Z. Emrich-Mills , Fabrizio Careddu , Matteo Bonomo , Claudia Barolo , Vincent G.H. Eijsink , Silvia Bordiga , Morten Sørlie","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are mononuclear copper-containing enzymes that are able to oxidise C–H bonds in the glycoside linkages of polysaccharides. However, LPMOs are prone to oxidative damage, particularly in the absence of an adequate substrate. In this work, we investigated whether we could immobilise LPMOs and whether such immobilisation could enhance the stability of LPMOs while preserving the essential catalytic properties of the copper active site. Two LPMOs from different families, <em>Ls</em>AA9A and <em>Sc</em>AA10C, were selected and immobilised on carboxylic acid functionalised multiwalled-CNTs, using a two-step carbodiimide activation reaction. To improve the frequency of enzyme immobilisation and guide site-specific orientation, the enzymes were engineered, introducing two lysine residues on two different loops on the LPMO surface. Assessment of the oxidase and peroxidase activities of the LPMO-MWCNT bioconjugates showed that immobilisation of the engineered LPMO was much more efficient compared to the wild-type enzymes. The immobilised enzymes still showed activity on several substrates, confirming retained catalytic competence following immobilisation. Incubation of the free and immobilised LPMOs under damaging conditions indicated a protective effect of immobilisation for <em>Ls</em>AA9A-MWCNT, indicating that, for some LPMOs, immobilisation on MWCNTs may protect against oxidative damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 116108"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Passivation of Brønsted acid sites at external surfaces of MFI zeolites and effects on propene oligomerization catalysis","authors":"Ricem Diaz Arroyo, Rajamani Gounder","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkene oligomerization to higher molecular weight products is a useful route for converting light hydrocarbon gases to liquid transportation fuels. Heterogeneous distributions of Brønsted acid sites in zeolites, arising from spatial gradients of Al centers in intracrystalline regions and at unconfined extracrystalline surfaces, influence rates, selectivity, and deactivation for acid-catalyzed reactions. Here, we synthesized core@shell materials composed of Al-MFI cores and Si-MFI shells of varying thickness, characterized crystallite-scale Al distributions by elemental analysis and electron microscopy, and quantified fractions of external acid sites by mesitylene benzylation rate constants. Propene oligomerization rates (503 K), interpreted using effectiveness factor formalisms, revealed the strong influence of intracrystalline diffusion limitations caused by the occlusion of heavier oligomer products within zeolitic micropores during reaction, consistent with prior reports. Transient changes in dimerization rates upon step changes in propene pressure revealed more severe diffusion limitations for Al-MFI@Si-MFI than Al-MFI materials possessing external acid sites, despite similar transient 2,3-dimethylbutane adsorption rates (298 K) on both core and core@shell materials indicating that additional diffusion resistances were not introduced inherently into core@shell materials via siliceous shell growth. Rather, passivation of external acid sites allows <em>in situ</em> formation of recalcitrant surface carbonaceous deposits during oligomerization catalysis, which caused irreversible deactivation with time-on-stream requiring regeneration under oxidative treatments. Overall, these findings provide kinetic and mechanistic insights into the role of external acid sites in zeolites to mitigate the formation of recalcitrant carbonaceous deposits during reaction, which introduce additional diffusional barriers that influence rates, product selectivity and deactivation of zeolites during alkene oligomerization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 116107"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unveiling the pathways and site requirements of methanol oxidative dehydrogenation on MoO3/TiO2 catalysts: An operando-FTIR study","authors":"Gabriel Galdames , Bastián Fuentes , Daviel Gómez , Patricia Concepción , Romel Jiménez , Alejandro Karelovic","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methanol oxidative dehydrogenation was studied on sub-monolayer and crystalline MoO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub>-supported catalysts using operando-FTIR spectroscopy. Results revealed two distinct methyl formate (MF) formation pathways, determined by the molybdenum oxide structure. Quantitative and qualitative evidence indicated that MF and dimethoxymethane (DMM) formation occur via distinct reaction intermediates. MF formation is linked to surface formate consumption, supported by the similarity between steady-state MF formation rate measured in a fixed-bed reactor and transient initial formate consumption rate determined by operando-FTIR. Apparent activation energies for HCOO* consumption (90 and 88 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>) and MF formation (83 and 51 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>) for 2.5 and 15 at. Mo nm<sup>−2</sup> samples, respectively, indicate that the formation pathway depends on the molybdenum oxide structure. Oligomeric, octahedral molybdenum oxide catalysts produce MF via adsorbed formate consumption, while crystalline MoO<sub>3</sub> catalysts enable a parallel pathway, likely involving hemiacetal intermediates. This change in reaction pathway correlates with the structural transition from oligomeric to crystalline molybdenum oxide, as characterized by XRD, in situ Raman spectroscopy, FTIR of low-temperature CO adsorption, and XPS, among other techniques. The increase of surface formate consumption is related to the enhancement of the redox properties of the catalyst, attributed to interactions of molybdenum oxide with titania support and the presence of readily reducible Mo<sup>6+</sup> sites that influence adsorbed formaldehyde reaction pathways. The observed activity and selectivity are explained by a three-active-site mechanism: molybdenum oxide redox sites for methanol dehydrogenation, molybdenum oxide acid sites for hemiacetal and DMM formation, and molybdenum-titania interfacial sites for HCOO* and MF formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 116094"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cailing Wu , Mingming Sun , Xinyang Gao , Qifei Huang , Zhaojun Min , Yanxing Zhang , Jianji Wang
{"title":"A facile strategy to prepare single-atom catalysts anchored on TiO2 with multiple oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"Cailing Wu , Mingming Sun , Xinyang Gao , Qifei Huang , Zhaojun Min , Yanxing Zhang , Jianji Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single atom catalysts (SACs) supported on metal oxide are usually prepared at high temperature, high pressure, and complex process. Herein, a new strategy is developed to prepare SACs anchored on vacancy-rich TiO<sub>2</sub> using Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as the support precursor under mild conditions, where Ti<sup>3+</sup> on Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> surface acts as “traps” to capture and then reduce metal ions through electron transfer without using reducing agents. This approach is universally applicable for different single metal atoms supported on diverse phases of TiO<sub>2</sub> (anatase, rutile, metastable and mixed counterpart). The as-obtained Pt<sub>1</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> with controllable Pt loading and multiple oxygen vacancies (Ov) exhibits excellent activity in photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> evolution. At optimal conditions, the H<sub>2</sub> evolution rate is up to 95,180 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, which is the highest for TiO<sub>2</sub> supported SACs reported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 116105"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengjie Cao , Shuangde Li , Shikun Wang , Weichen Xu , Xin Zhou , Guangxin Ma , Yunfa Chen
{"title":"Zn modulating the metal support interaction to promote the sintering resistance of hydrotalcite-derived NiZnAl catalyst for methane cracking","authors":"Mengjie Cao , Shuangde Li , Shikun Wang , Weichen Xu , Xin Zhou , Guangxin Ma , Yunfa Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst is important for the production of pure H<sub>2</sub> and carbon nanomaterials. Catalytic cracking of methane offers the possibility of producing these high-value products. For this reason, stabilizing the surface active sites of activated methane by modulating the interaction between metal and support has attracted much attention in the development of hydrotalcite-derived NiAl catalysts. Hence, the influence of Zn content and cracking temperature on the structure and performance of hydrotalcite-derived NiZnAl methane cracking catalysts were investigated. It is shown that alloying Zn with Ni reduces the electron density near Ni atoms, promotes the reduction of mixed metal oxides, producing strong interactions between Ni and support, thus improving the stability of the catalyst during methane decomposition. Thus, this strong interaction between Ni and support stabilized the Ni particle size and inhibited the sintering of Ni during the reaction. The Ni<sub>2.7</sub>Zn<sub>0.3</sub>Al can maintain a H<sub>2</sub> yield of more than 60 % over a 600 min reaction time at 600 °C. TEM analysis showed that the strong metal support interaction changed the morphology of the deposited carbon, maintained the balance between carbon diffusion and CH<sub>4</sub> dissociation, provided more growth sites for carbon nanotubes, and also prevented the rapid deactivation of the catalysts because of carbon encapsulation. This article may provide guidance for the design of Ni-based methane cracking catalysts with excellent stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 116103"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the electronic metal-support interactions in platinum-deposited cobalt oxide catalysts for benzene combustion: A comparison of Pt nanoparticles and site-isolated Pt atoms","authors":"Jiangwei Ni , Jia Chen , Jinxu Fang, Zhiwei Huang, Mingshuo Tian, Qiqi Zhou, Wen Chen, Juanjuan Gong, Junhong Chen, Shuangning Gan, Xinlong Liao, Xiaomin Wu, Huazhen Shen, Huawang Zhao, Guohua Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insight into metal-support interactions at the nanoscale is of prominent significance in the development of efficient catalysts for volatile organic compound (VOC) abatement. This study investigates catalysts with distinct Pt active centers including Pt nanoparticles (Pt<sub>NP</sub>) and single-atom Pt (Pt<sub>1</sub>) supported on Mn-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and reveals their electronic metal-support interaction characteristics. Benzene combustion tests show a contrasting trend exhibited by these two representative samples. Characterization techniques confirm that the superior performance of Pt<sub>NP</sub>/Mn-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> stems from promotive electronic interaction. The effective charge transfer enhances reducibility and oxygen activation, coupled with the excellent benzene adsorption capacity of Pt<sub>NP</sub>. However, the inhibitive role of Pt<sub>1</sub> in Mn-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> hinders the lattice oxygen mobility and leads to undesirable performance. Mechanistic insights elucidate the EMSI-induced benefits of being less prone to surface species poisoning, along with detailed reaction mechanisms and benzene decomposition route. This EMSI-dependent understanding of benzene combustion behavior offers valuable insights into the rational design of Pt-based catalysts for benzene abatement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 116100"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stable bio-inspired Mn4O4 cubic molecular photo catalyst for effective visible light-driven C–H direct trifluoromethylation","authors":"Shujing Li, Ke Li, Wenjie Shi, Keren He, Han Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by the natural oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II with a cubic Mn<sub>4</sub>CaO<sub>5</sub> cluster, there is relatively little research on photo catalysts that closely resemble the cubic Mn<sub>4</sub>CaO<sub>5</sub> cluster. Therefore, the development of mixed-valence Mn<sub>4</sub>CaO<sub>5</sub> simulacrums has sparked great interest. Herein, we successfully obtained a Mn<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cubic cluster with [Mn<sub>4</sub>(<em>mbm</em>)<sub>4</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH)<sub>4</sub>Br<sub>4</sub>]·[Mn<sub>4</sub>(<em>mbm</em>)<sub>4</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH)<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)Br<sub>4</sub>] (<strong>Mn<sub>4</sub>Br</strong>) by using MnBr<sub>2</sub> and 1-Me-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanolate (H<em>mbm</em>) with its structure determined by single crystal crystallography. The Mn<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cubic cores consists of an octahedral Mn(II) center chelated by the alkoxide oxygen and imidazole nitrogen atoms from monoanionic <em>mbm</em><sup>−</sup> and coordinated by alcohol/H<sub>2</sub>O and bromide ion. <strong>Mn<sub>4</sub>Br</strong> was found to exhibit activity for trifluoromethylation reaction under visible light. The oxidization of <strong>Mn<sub>4</sub>Br</strong> under I<sub>2</sub> solution led to the formation of mix-valent <strong>Mn<sub>4</sub>Br-I<sub>2</sub></strong> with smallest sizes, which exhibited improved much higher activity for the C–H activated trifluoromethylation reaction due to the much higher redox performance as well as a lower charge-transfer resistance. This study provides a new and efficient strategy for the synthesis of Mn<sub>4</sub>CaO<sub>4</sub> simulacrum structures with mixed valent states and develops its application in photocatalytic organic synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 116106"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengchao Jia , Xiaohui Liu , Yong Guo , Lin Dong , Zupeng Chen , Yanqin Wang
{"title":"Corrigendum to “From cyclohexanol to aniline: A novel dehydrogenation-amination-dehydrogenation strategy based on Pt-based catalyst” [J. Catal. 429 (2024) 115233]","authors":"Shengchao Jia , Xiaohui Liu , Yong Guo , Lin Dong , Zupeng Chen , Yanqin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"446 ","pages":"Article 116085"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Guo , Chuanding Dong , Xiaokai Cheng , Jingdai Wang , Yongrong Yang , Wei Li
{"title":"Elucidating the correlation between active species and branch distribution of polyethylene in Ziegler-Natta catalysis","authors":"Tao Guo , Chuanding Dong , Xiaokai Cheng , Jingdai Wang , Yongrong Yang , Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ethylene/<em>α</em>-olefin copolymers synthesized by Ziegler-Natta catalysts generally exhibit much higher Short-Chain Branch (SCB) concentration in the low-molecular-weight fraction, which hampers the mechanical properties of the final products. Herein, we investigate the mechanism underlying the origin of SCB distribution at a molecular level. We design a spherical catalyst combining two alcohols with different mobility, after which a second titanation step with incremental TiCl<sub>4</sub> loading is applied to drive the migration of alcohol molecules. This migration induces not only the escape of alcohols from the catalyst surface but also the coordination of alcohols with Ti centers, which regulates the mobility of active species on the catalyst surface. We demonstrate that the aggregation behavior of Ti species is directed by their bonding to the MgCl<sub>2</sub> surface, where either TiCl<sub>3</sub>-like clusters or isolated Ti<sup>3+</sup> sites can be preferentially synthesized during triethylaluminium activation. Further polymerization results combined with electron paramagnetic resonance analysis show that TiCl<sub>3</sub>-like clusters and the “dormant” active species contribute to the uniform SCB distribution over different molecular weights, whereas the predominated isolated Ti<sup>3+</sup> sites on the MgCl<sub>2</sub> (110) plane concentrate the SCB in the low-molecular-weight fraction of the synthesized polyethylene. Taken together, we reveal a correlation between polymer branching distribution and catalytic structures, and show that the latter can be regulated by tailoring the migration of alcohols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"446 ","pages":"Article 116092"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-Promoting NO electrochemical reduction via N-N coupling by Surface-Adsorbed *NH intermediates on Mo2C nanosheets","authors":"Xiang Huang , Xiangting Hu , Jiong Wang , Hu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical reduction of NO (NORR) to ammonia has gained significant attention due to its potential in both electrocatalytic denitrification and ammonia synthesis. Transition-metal carbides (TMCs), with their high reactivity toward NO activation, have emerged as promising candidates for NORR electrocatalysts. However, their exceptional catalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)—a major competing process—may hinder the Faradaic efficiency of NH<sub>3</sub> production. Interestingly, recent experimental studies have shown that NORR almost completely suppresses HER on Mo<sub>2</sub>C nanosheets under typical HER operating conditions, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, using state-of-the-art grand canonical density functional theory calculations, we reveal the atomic-level reaction mechanism of NORR on TMCs by taking experimentally reported Mo<sub>2</sub>C as a prototype. Our findings show that within the potential range of −0.3 V to 0 V vs. RHE, the Mo<sub>2</sub>C surface becomes nitrogenated by a monolayer of chemisorbed *NH intermediates, leading to poisoning of the surface. However, these adsorbed surface *NH intermediates can effectively adsorb NO molecules through an N-N coupling mechanism, facilitating their electrochemical reduction to NH<sub>3</sub> with fast reaction kinetics and favorable thermodynamics, thereby showing a self-promoting catalytic mechanism. Importantly, these *NH intermediates significantly suppress HER through strong electrostatic repulsion with incoming protons (or adjacent *NH species), leading to barriers exceeding 2 eV for both Heyrovsky and Tafel reactions. Our calculations provide crucial insights into the decisive role of *NH intermediates in promoting NH<sub>3</sub> production while suppressing H<sub>2</sub> generation, thus providing valuable guidance for the rational design of TMC-based NORR electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Catalysis","volume":"446 ","pages":"Article 116097"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}