Genetics and breeding of animals最新文献

{"title":"Reflexological stimulation of the sexual function of ewets in the farm of the Rostov region","authors":"E. Finageev, T. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-76-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-76-81","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: optimizing the reproduction of sheep in the economy of the Rostov region.Materials and methods. 3 groups of disemeters of 50 goals in each were formed. In the first experimental group, the disemeted was in a meticulous manner with a ram-industrialist (artificial kriproporchid), in the second experimental-with a penEexctomed ram-industrialist. In the third (control) group, a producer ram was used. In the first experimental group of a ram-industrialist (artificial kriproporchid) with attached taps were released into a group of sheep twice a day for 1.5-2 hours. In the second experimental group of a penEctomed ram, it was placed in the corral to the disemetery in the morning for 3 hours. In the third group, the lamb producer was constantly with the disemets for two weeks, then he was changed on a new ram i.e. Used the methodology used in the farm. During the experiment, they observed the behavior of animals of all groups. In the experimental groups, after the detection of disemeters in the hunt, their natural insemination of the manufacturer was carried out. Based on the results of the subsequent oster, the effectiveness of the reproduction of sheep was evaluated.Results. The results we get indicate the effectiveness of the reflexological stimulation of the sexual function of females using rams-industry. So in groups where the male industrialists used to hunt and were fruitfully inseminated 96 % and 98 % of the disemeters, respectively. 54 and 53 lambs per 50 uterus were received from them, 6 twin in the first group and 4 in the second. In the control group, with the constant presence of the manufacturer, 82 % of the disemeted were fruitfully inseminated, from which 44 lambs were received by 50 queens, which is explained by an increased load on the male. There was only 3. The third group was only 3. The method of stimulating females with the help of rams-industrialists allows you to increase the amount of offspring and rationally operate the ramps of manufacturers.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129504075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of some leukocyte indices of intoxication and reactivity in fish under the action of physico-chemical stressors","authors":"L. Karpenko, I. Makhnin, Yu. Berenev, A. Bakhta","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-61-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-61-67","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: determining the prognostic value of leukocyte indexes of intoxication and reactivity in fish under the action of some physicochemical stressors.Materials and methods. The object of the study was the lady of the roach of ordinary Rutilus Rutilus (L.). Control and experimental groups were formed taking into account the principle of analogues (n = 90). The average mass (PP) is 5.29 ± 1.0 g, length (TL) - 7.22 ± 0.39 cm, fish of the juvenile period of development (the sexual structure was not installed). The individuals were accumulated (10 days) and contained the following indices in aquariums (volume - 200 l.) We examined the core index, a leukocytic index of intoxication, blood leukocyte shear index, and a leukocytal index. As physico-chemical stressors, subcutal concentrations of copper (exposition in copper salt 0.01 mg/l and 0.1 mg/l for 7 and 14 days) were studied; imitation of the main phase and the initial period of the phase of geomagnetic storm; The action of high temperature.Results. The analysis of leukocyte indexes of intoxication and reactivity showed that in fish the Krebs index and a leukocytic index have the greatest prognostic importance. The information content of the blood leukocyte shear index and the leukocyte intoxication index should be considered controversial. The blood leukocyte shift index increased only with the exposure of copper salts for 14 days and with the action of physical stressors. Statistically significant changes in the blood leukocyte shift index during exposure by copper salts for 7 days have not been revealed, which may indicate a low sensitivity of the index. The results obtained during the calculation of the leukocyte index of intoxication are similar to the results when determining the Krebs index. Specific changes in the index under the action of physico-chemical stressors have not been identified.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133053360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative and quantitative analysis of spleen and bone marrow CD8+ and CD4+ T cell populations in lactating mice","authors":"N. Panova","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-49-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-49-55","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to investigate the phenotype of adaptive immunity cells in the spleen and bone marrow of lactating mice.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on lactating mice. For the experiment, the spleen and bone marrow were taken from animals. A suspension of individual splenocytes was prepared by grinding the spleen. Bone marrow was obtained by rinsing the medullary cavity with a syringe with 1–2 ml of a balanced salt solution. The phenotype of adaptive immunity cells was determined using a set of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies: CD4-PerCP-Cy5.5, CD8-PE/Cy7, CD62L-APC/Cy7, CD44-BV510 (Biolegend, USA), in the presence of True Stain reagent containing antibodies to CD16/CD32 (Biolegend, USA) to block nonspecific antibody binding. Data collection was carried out on a CytoFlex flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA). The results were analyzed using the Kaluza Analysis 2.1 program (Beckman Coulter, USA).Results. As a result of the study, it was found that there are 2.2 times more CD8+ T-cells of effector (TEM) and central memory (TCM) in the red bone marrow, while all subpopulations of CD4+ T-memory cells (TCM; TEM; TNV) predominate in the spleen . The content of the subpopulation of CD8+ T-cells of naive memory (TNV) in the bone marrow and spleen was almost the same and amounted to 52.57±1.58 % and 57.40±2.63 %, respectively. A significantly low content (p<0.001) of populations of CD8+ T-cells of effector memory (TEM; CD44+CD62L-) in the spleen was found to be 4.9±1.39 % compared with T-cells (TEM; CD44+CD62L-) of red bone marrow brain 11.04±2.58 %.Conclusion. The population of CD4+ T-cells of effector memory (TEM) accumulates in large numbers in the spleen in order to further respond with a cellular or humoral mechanism in response to the penetration of an antigen into the body. The bone marrow quantitatively and qualitatively surpasses the spleen in the accumulation and placement of effector (TEM) and central memory (TCM) CD8+ T cells, which are responsible for immunological memory and adaptive immune response.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128199635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of post-activation culture conditions on the development of parthenogenetic embryos in cattle","authors":"A. Lopukhov","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-82-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-82-91","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of the effect of commercial media BO-IVC and СR1aa at the stage of the activation and subsequent culture of artificially activated oocytes on the formation and quality of parthenogenetic bovine embryos.Materials and methods. 3 groups of disemeters of 50 goals in each were formed. In the first experimental group, the disemeted was in a meticulous manner with a ram-industrialist (artificial kriproporchid), in the second experimental-with a penEexctomed ram-industrialist. In the third (control) group, a producer ram was used. In the first experimental group of a ram-industrialist (artificial kriproporchid) with attached taps were released into a group of sheep twice a day for 1.5-2 hours. In the second experimental group of a penEctomed ram, it was placed in the corral to the disemetery in the morning for 3 hours. In the third group, the lamb producer was constantly with the disemets for two weeks, then he was changed on a new ram i.e. Used the methodology used in the farm. During the experiment, they observed the behavior of animals of all groups. In the experimental groups, after the detection of disemeters in the hunt, their natural insemination of the manufacturer was carried out. Based on the results of the subsequent oster, the effectiveness of the reproduction of sheep was evaluated.Results. The cleavage rate did not differ between the experimental groups, varying from 73,0 to 76,5%. Also, there was not found a significant effect of the conditions for post-activation culture of oocytes on their development before late morula and late blastocyst stage, which was for the CR1aa/CR1aa, CR1aa/BO-IVC and BOIVC/ BO-IVC groups 28,9±1,7, 40,4±7,5 and 36,0±6.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, we found out the effect of tested culture conditions on the ability of parthenogenetic embryos to overcome the 8-16 cell block and their quality on the late stages of embryo development. The rate of embryos with less than 16 nuclei was the highest in the CR1aa/CR1aa group (56,8±2,1 %). The replacement of CR1aa medium to BO-IVC medium (BO-IVC/BO-IVC group) significantly reduced this level (p<0,05). The positive effect was enhanced when CR1aa medium was used at the stage of culture in the presence of 6-DMAP and cycloheximide, and subsequent embryo development was in BO-IVC medium (CR1aa/BO-IVC group) (p<0.001). Furthermore, when we used the mixed variant of culture, the total cell number in parthenogenetic morula and blastocyst stage embryos increased (p<0.05).Conclusion. Thus, the BO-IVC medium at the stages of post-activation and subsequent development of artificially activated bovine oocytes is comparable to the CR1aa medium in terms of the efficiency of obtaining parthenogenetic embryos at the blastocyst stage. Nevertheless, its replacement at the post-activation stage with CR1aa medium makes it possible to improve the quality of parthenogenetic embryos.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121407028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of thyroid hormones on the functional state of bovine granulosa cells in vitro","authors":"O. Mityashova, E. Montvila, I. Lebedeva","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-42-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-42-48","url":null,"abstract":"Any dysfunction of the thyroid gland causes abnormal changes in the functioning of the reproductive system, primarily the ovaries. Therefore, the question of the possible direct effect of thyroid hormones on the bovine ovarian function by modulating the functional state or functional activity of granulosa cells seems relevantPurpose: to study in vitro the effect of thyroxine and triiodothyronine on the proliferative and steroidogenic activity, as well as apoptotic changes of bovine granulosa cells.Materials and methods. Granulosa cells were isolated from follicles with a diameter of 1-5 mm and precultured for two days in a medium containing 10 % serum. The cells were then placed in serum-free medium containing thyroxine (25-200 ng/mL) or triiodothyronine (0.5-4.0 ng/mL) and incubated for another 48 h. After culturing, the content of estradiol-17β and progesterone in the media was determined by ELISA. The proliferative activity and apoptotic changes in the cells were assessed by immunocytochemical assay, based on the expression level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCNA and pro-apoptotic protein Bax, respectively.Results. It was found that the proportion of cells with a positive reaction to PCNA increased 1.1 times (P<0.01) compared with that in the control at a triiodothyronine concentration of 1 ng/ml and did not change with its further increase to 4 ng/ml. In addition, the introduction of triiodothyronine at a concentration of 1 ng/ml into the medium led to a decrease in the relative number of Bax-positive cells from 25.6 ± 0.3% to 23.3 ± 0.6 % (P<0.01). A further increase in this concentration to 4 ng/ml enhanced the observed anti-apoptotic effect 1.1 times (P<0.05). The pattern of the effect of thyroxine on the proliferative activity and apoptotic changes of granulosa cells in culture was similar to that for triiodothyronine. Concurrently, the growth-stimulating and anti-apoptotic effects of thyroxine were achieved at a concentration of 50-200 ng/ml. At the same time, both thyroid hormones did not affect the secretion of estradiol-17β or progesterone by the cells.Conclusions. Thus, thyroxine and triiodothyronine can stimulate in vitro the proliferation of bovine granulosa cells, as well as inhibit the expression of the proapoptotic Bax protein in these cells, which is not associated with the regulation of the production of ovarian steroid hormones. Overall, these data suggest that thyroid hormones at physiological concentrations are able to exert a regulatory effect on the growth and atresia of bovine small antral follicles and, therefore, directly modulate the ovarian activity.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122151612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of DNA microsatellite locus and muscle protein amino acids in Rangifer tarandus reindeer","authors":"G. Brizgalov, L. Ignatovich","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-14-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-14-22","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: study the correlations of STR-markers of DNA and amino acids of reindeer meat protein.Materials and methods: Amino acid analysis was performed according to GOST 34132–2017 «Meat and meat products. Method for determining the amino acid composition of animal protein». When setting up multiplex PCR STR, primers and microsatellite DNA loci used for deer (Cervidae) were taken. The nomenclature of loci corresponds to the world standard.Results. Information is provided on the quantitative content of amino acids in the protein of M. longissimus dorsi, on the size of amplicons, the association of amino acids and STR loci in a sample of Chukchi deer. The coefficient of variability of essential amino acids ranged from 7.9 to 11.8 %, which can provide an acceptable level of selection for this trait. Amino acids are associated with each other mainly statistically significantly, the degree of closeness of the relationship varies from medium to strong. Less closely correlated with other amino acids were methionine and proline. Most indicators of the relationship between microsatellite loci and amino acids turned out to be insignificant in magnitude, statistically unreliable and reverse in direction, which practically indicates the absence of a relationship between the traits. At the same time, a significant correlation of individual STR markers with amino acids was revealed. In particular, the NVHRT30 locus is associated with the essential amino acids VAL, LEU, ILE, THR with a coupling coefficient equal to: r1 = -0.322; r2 = -0.290; r3 = -0.272 and r4 = -0.437, respectively.Conclusion. The data obtained fit into the framework of the well-known thesis about the localization of microsatellites mainly in the non-coding regions of the DNA molecule. However, they can also be located in promoter regions and have linkage with candidate genes of quantitative trait loci. It is necessary to continue research in the chosen direction on other populations of the range in order to accumulate more significant amounts of information.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125276619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Search for optimal methods of blood sampling from laboratory rats under conditions of chronic experiment","authors":"S. Vasilyeva, L. Karpenko, O. Dushenina","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-56-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-56-60","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to identify the optimal ways of taking blood from rats in the framework of a chronic experiment.Materials and methods. Two series of studies were conducted, in the first of which a comparative assessment of the diameter of the venipuncture needle was carried out. In the second series, the volume of blood received with and without anticoagulant was determined. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats, using butterfly needles with a flexible catheter of various sizes - 23G, 24G and 25G, a 2 ml syringe and heparin diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:10 (500 IU/ml).Results. In a scientific experiment, it was found that the optimal size of the butterfly needle for blood sampling in laboratory rats is G-24 (needle diameter 0.55 mm). Needles with a smaller diameter are not suitable for blood sampling, as a blood clot forms in their lumen, which significantly reduces the volume of blood taken. Butterfly catheters with a large needle diameter (needle diameter 0.6 mm) create the effect of vessel tamponade. The results of the second series of experiments indicate a significant increase in the volume of blood received with the use of an anticoagulant than without it. This is confirmed in the intergroup comparison of the amount of blood obtained in rats of the first group (with the use of anticoagulant) by 46.5 % higher than in the second group (without the use of anticoagulant) (P<0.05).Conclusion. The conducted studies indicate that when taking blood from the tail vein of rats, the optimal size of the butterfly needle was 24G. Also, the use of a heparin solution at a concentration of 500 U / ml made it possible to obtain a blood volume from rats that was 46.5 % higher than without the use of an anticoagulant. The use of this method in practice (a syringe and a G-24 butterfly catheter together with an anticoagulant) actualizes multiple blood sampling in a chronic experiment, reduces the laboriousness of the blood sampling process and minimizes trauma to laboratory animals.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125401317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of antenatal development of rat offspring against aqueous extract of centella asiatica","authors":"O. Pavlova, M. Tyomkin, O. Gulenko, V. Maslyakov","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-92-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-92-97","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: study of the characteristics of the antenatal development of the offspring of rats treated with an aqueous extract of centella asiatica as an additional load.Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on 126 (90 females and 36 males) white outbred rats, which were divided equally into 9 groups and, in accordance with the group affiliation, as well as the established period, received daily intragastrically an aqueous plant extract of Centella asiatica at a dose of 30 mg/100 g of body weight animal, 1 ml: group 1 - intact animals (control); group 2 - females and males received an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica for 30 days before pregnancy; group 3 - an aqueous extract of Centella Asiatica for 30 days received females before pregnancy, and males - distilled water; group 4 - an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica for 30 days received males before mating, females - distilled water before mating; group 5 - an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica within 30 days before mating and up to 13 days of pregnancy, females received, and males - distilled water; group 6 - an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica within 30 days before mating and from 14 to 20 days of pregnancy, females received, and males - distilled water; group 7 - an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica from 1 to 13 days of pregnancy received females, males - distilled water; group 8 - water extract of centella asiatica from 14 to 20 days of pregnancy received females, males - distilled water; Group 9 - an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica within 30 days before mating and within 20 days of pregnancy, females received, and males - distilled water. Animals of the control group received daily intragastric distilled water, 1 ml. Standard methods were used to obtain dated gestation females. Accounting for the results of the experiment was carried out on the 20th day of pregnancy of rats by euthanasia of animals, the number of live, dead, reserved fetuses was counted, marking the implantation sites, the anatomical structure of the fetuses, their weight and size were evaluated; embryonic (pre- and post-implantation) death of fetuses was considered, anomalies of external and internal development were revealed.Results. Additional intragastric loading of male and female rats with an aqueous extract of centella asiatica contributed to an increase in the average number of fetuses in a litter, corpus luteum per 1 female, implantation sites, a decrease in pre-implantation death of embryos and overall mortality, as well as an increase in the weight of fetuses and their cranio-caudal sizes, moreover, the duration of the load was expressed in a more positive trend. The load for 50 days was reflected in the highest rates among the studied groups. With regard to the presence of anomalies in the external and internal development of the fetus, an extremely low percentage of individuals with defects should be noted, both in the control and experimental groups.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127731191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric indicators of the wall of the crop of broiler chickens when using some biologically active feed additives","authors":"N. Cherepanova, V. Malorodov, A. Semak, E. Prosekova, N. Belyaeva","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-68-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-68-75","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: describe the histological structure and morphometric parameters of the crop of broiler chickens and determine the effect of the multienzyme preparation and humic substances on its structure.Materials and methods. The multienzyme preparation contained beta-gluconase, pentosanase, proteolytic, lipolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes. Group 1 received the main diet, balanced in all respects. Group 2 received an enzyme preparation 1 g/kg of feed in addition to the main ration. Group 3 received 1 g/kg of sodium humate feed in addition to the main diet. Group 4 received both an enzyme preparation and sodium humate, 1 g/kg of compound feed, in addition to the main diet. Withdrawal from the experiment occurred at 28 and 49 days of age. For research, 5 samples of crop from the group were selected.Results. Studies have shown ongoing processes of growth and differentiation of structures within 49 days of cultivation. The thickness of the crop wall in birds of the control group decreases by 11.8 %, which may be due to an increase in the size of the organ, its fullness and the mechanical effect of the feed components on its wall. The decrease in the thickness of the wall of the crop by 49 days of age occurs mainly due to a decrease in the thickness of the muscular membrane by 38.5 %. The relative mucosal height increases with bird age from 44 % at 4 weeks of age to 53 % at 49 days of age. An increase in the height of the epithelium by 6.4 % is observed, and the thickness of the lamina propria decreases with age. By 49 days of age, in all experimental groups, the muscular coat is significantly larger, and the submucosa is smaller than in the control group. The maximum thickness of the muscular membrane in group 2 is 1.6 times more than in group 1. The relative height of the epithelium is minimal in groups 2 and 3 - 44 %. In these groups, a significantly greater wall thickness was observed than in the control group, mainly due to the muscular layer. Sodium humate does not adversely affect the structure of the crop. Long-term use of the multi-enzyme complex irritates the mucous membrane in the first period of cultivation. This is expressed in an increase in the thickness of the epithelium by 20%. Further, the wall adapts to the irritating effect of the drug, and in the second period of cultivation, no negative effect on the crop mucosa was found in this group. The complex use of additives in the first period of cultivation leads to inhibition of the development of all structures of the mucosa, except for the epithelium. Apparently, the negative effect of the enzyme preparation is affecting. But at the same time, the irritating effect of additives on the mucous membrane is not observed, since the height of the epithelium does not change significantly. Apparently, in this case, we see a positive adaptogenic effect of humic substances on the organ wall. In the second growing period, no negative effect of additives on the crop wall was found.Conclusi","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121663471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and functional features of boar erythrocytes under environmental and technological stress and their effect on the leukocyte composition of the blood","authors":"N. Garskaya, A. Tkachev","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-23-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2022-4-23-35","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: study the response possibilities of boar blood erythrocytes to the conditions of environmental and technological stress; to establish possible reference intervals for their morphological and functional parameters and to evaluate their effect on the leukocyte composition of the blood.Materials and methods. At the first stage, all the Poltava meat breed main boars of the breeding herd were examined. In accordance with the possibilities of providing the oxygen budget of the organism, the boars were divided into two groups according to the principle of analogue pairs. The control group (I) consisted of boars, in which the indicators of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin corresponded to the reference values indicated in the literature. The experimental group (II) consisted of animals that were not included in the control group. All animals belonged to the “elite” and “first” classes and were clinically healthy. Ecological and technological factors acted as stressors. The following was determined in the blood: the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, leukocyte blood picture (formula). Calculated: hemoglobin index (color index), hemoglobin content in 1 erythrocyte (pg) (MCH). To characterize the stage of stress, we used the integral hematological index of the ratio of lymphocytes and neutrophils – the leukocyte index. The results obtained were processed statistically.Results. The use of industrial production technology in the farm turned out to be stress-realizing for the boars of the main Poltava meat breed herd. Most of the examined boars of the herd (64.7±1.3 %) had, in these keeping conditions, in general, well-formed mechanisms for an adequate response of the adaptive potential, which manifested itself in maintaining the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood at the level of literary reference intervals. Under conditions of environmental and technological stress, with a probability of 95 %, the reference interval established by us in terms of the number of erythrocytes in the blood of boars in the control group was 5.63-7.12 x1012 /l, in terms of the amount of hemoglobin in the blood - 100.54-115 .65 g/l. After the “selection of animals” according to the “physiological” indicators of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, the average values of erythrocyte indices in boars of the control group significantly decreased compared to the experimental group. In boars with a physiological level of provision of the oxygen budget of the body, the stress reaction took place without straining the functional capabilities of the body. A more stable, lower value of the volume index of neutrophils and lymphocytes variability level in the blood; a significantly higher, but not out of the literature reference intervals, content of monocytes and stab neutrophils in the blood was observed.Conclusion. The action of environmental and technological factors in boars undoubtedly leads to the development of a stress reaction and causes changes in the co","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124667153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}