Journal of Applied Sports Sciences最新文献

{"title":"PERSONAL QUALITIES AND CAREER LONGEVITY OF ELITE LATVIAN ATHLETES","authors":"Dace Eikena, T. Iancheva","doi":"10.37393/jass.2024.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37393/jass.2024.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, sports psychology researchers have shown a growing interest in exploring various facets of sports careers, career transitions, the personal qualities profile of athletes who achieve peak sports performance, and the existing models and distinctions within career stages. This research aimed to examine the link between the mental qualities and skills and the sports careers of elite Latvian athletes and to seek potential differences dependent on sports career stages, level of qualification, and gender. The research was done among 109 elite athletes from Latvia aged 17 to 40, practicing 19 sports – 71 men and 38 women. For the purposes of the research, the subjects were divided into groups according to two criteria: 1) depending on the different stages of their sports career and 2) depending on the type of development of their sports career. The research methods included: Latvian personality survey (LPA-v3, Perepjolkina et al., 2011); Sports et al. (SMTQ; Sheard et al., 2009), adapted for Latvian conditions by Astaficevs et al. (2020); Psychological Performance Inventory Alternative version (PPI-A; Golby et al., 2007), adapted for Latvian conditions by Astaficevs et al. (2020.); General et al. (GSE; Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995), adapted for Latvian conditions by Astaficevs et al. (2020); Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (PSIS-R5), adapted for Latvian conditions by Fernāte Andra, 2008. The obtained results revealed some differences in the personal profiles of the Latvian athletes depending on the stages and type of their sports careers, level of qualification, and gender. We found higher results along the factors conscientiousness, honesty and modesty, and the lowest results along the factor neuroticism among the elite athletes. We found significantly higher values of the mental skills: anxiety control, concentration, mental preparation, motivation, self-confidence, and control among the men.","PeriodicalId":34626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sports Sciences","volume":"4 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF 16-YEAR-OLD FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS WITH CHRONOJUMP SYSTEM","authors":"M. Borukova, Ivan Kalinov","doi":"10.37393/jass.2024.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37393/jass.2024.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"In the basketball game, lower extremity strength plays a key role in various game actions. The jumping mat (Chronojump), an open-source (free software and open hardware), is available to the public on official servers, emphasizing peer review and corrections by the user community. The aim of this study was to establish the explosive power of the lower limbs of 16-year-old female basketball players from the Bulgarian National Basketball Team. We used specialized software, a signal transducer, and an electro-contact mat Chronojump. The subject of the study was the explosive power of the lower limbs of 16-year-old female basketball players from the national team of Bulgaria. The object of the study was the performance of the Chronojump platform tests to establish the explosive strength of the lower limbs. The study was conducted among 16 active female basketball players selected for the Bulgarian national team. Each participant performed all jumps at the same time of day. They performed CMJ - 90-degree squat jump; SJ - Squat, two-second hold, and jump; CMJAT - Jump with arms extended forward and up; RCMJ - Manipulative 90-degree squat jump; Stiff ness - Manipulative ankle jump. The test’s mathematical-statistical results were processed with variance analysis and One-way ANOVA, with a critical value of the F-criterion (F = 2.38) and high statistical reliability (Pt ≥ 95%). Results showed that hand involvement is key in rebounding. In terms of jumping endurance and explosiveness quotient, female athletes had a lower level of development. This research has the potential to significantly impact the training and performance of female basketball players.","PeriodicalId":34626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sports Sciences","volume":"54 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LEBED METHOD THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION ON PHYSICAL STABILITY AMONG ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY","authors":"Micky Olutende Oloo, E. Wamukoya, James Aggrey Oloo","doi":"10.37393/jass.2024.01.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37393/jass.2024.01.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In Kenya, falls among individuals over 60 years of age are a major concern. Despite physical activity being known to reduce fall risks, existing studies face challenges like high drop-out rates and limited exercise types. The Lebed Method, a dance program originally developed for breast cancer survivors by Sherry Lebed Davis, has shown potential to improve physical and emotional well-being. This study aimed to explore its effectiveness in improving physical stability among the elderly in Kakamega County. Methods. The study involved a community-based randomized control trial with 30 participants aged 60 and older, selected based on low social support scores. They were divided into intervention and control groups, meeting specific inclusion criteria. Baseline functional stability (mobility and balance) was assessed by Timed Up and Go (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores, gait speed time, and de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) score. To ensure the reliability of the study, biases such as selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting biases were addressed. Changes in physical stability between the groups were analyzed using the Analysis of Covariance, accounting for baseline differences, while within-group changes were evaluated using the dependent sample t-test. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. The findings showed that the intervention group improved significantly in physical stability compared to the control group. Specifically, notable enhancements were observed on TUG times (p < .001, ηp2 = 0.53, d = 3.38), BBS scores (p < .001, ηp2 = 0.64, d = 1.97), gait speed (p < .001, ηp2 = 0.65, d = 1.99) and DEMMI score (p < .001, ηp2 = 0.38, d = 1.94). Conclusions. The intervention significantly improved mobility and balance among participants, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Lebed method for elderly individuals. Future research could explore specific components of dance-based therapy that contribute to functional mobility and balance improvements","PeriodicalId":34626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sports Sciences","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE POST-ACTIVATION EFFECT OF COMBINED RESISTED AND ASSISTED SPRINTS","authors":"D. Cochrane","doi":"10.37393/jass.2024.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37393/jass.2024.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Resisted and assisted training methods aim to increase neural activation, or post-activation potentiation (PAP), to enhance sprint performance. A preloaded stimulus causes a temporary performance increase that is more significant than what warm-up alone can provide. Resistance activities have traditionally been used to induce post-activation potentiation. Little is known when assisted and resisted sprints are combined and their effect on PAP. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the acute potentiating effect of combined resisted and assisted sprints on subsequent 20 m sprint performance. Sixteen physically active young males performed a baseline 20 m sprint followed by four assisted 20 m and four 20 m resisted sprints using a bungee cord. After the assisted-resisted stimulus, the participants performed one 20 m sprint at 4, 6, and 8 minutes. There was no significant improvement in 5, 10, or 20-m sprint times following the assisted-resisted stimulus. Therefore, the additive effect of assisted-resisted sprints failed to induce post-activation potential. The additive effect of assisted-resisted sprints could not induce post-activation potential to enhance subsequence sprint performance.","PeriodicalId":34626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sports Sciences","volume":"64 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE LOW SERUM FERRITIN AS AN INDICATOR OF INADEQUATE NUTRITION IN INTERNATIONAL-LEVEL FEMALE SWIMMER","authors":"L. Petrov, M. Kachaunov, A. Alexandrova","doi":"10.37393/jass.2024.01.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37393/jass.2024.01.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Iron deficiency is a common feature in athletes, and optimizing iron levels may become a contributing factor to improved athletic performance. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate body iron stores and their relationship with sports performance. It also sought correlations between the swimmers’ hematological, hormonal, anthropometric, and functional status and their sports achievements. Methodology: The research involved 19 athletes (11 women and 8 men) from the Bulgarian national swimming team. They were tested for maximal aerobic capacity on a cycle ergometer and had blood samples taken to determine iron status and hematological and hormonal markers. Their swimming achievements (Swimming points) were evaluated as a percentage of the world records in the respective discipline. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the female and male swimmers for Unbound Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC) and ferritin. A higher UIBC in women indicated lower iron levels in them. Among female swimmers, five had ferritin levels below 40 ng/mL. In women, a highly reliable correlation between the Swimming points and ferritin concentration (r = .68) was observed. All male swimmers had ferritin values above 40 ng/mL, and there was no reliable correlation between ferritin concentration and Swimming points, probably because ferritin was in the optimal range and is no longer a significant performance factor. Conclusions: In swimmers, the optimal serum ferritin concentration is probably in the range of 40–90 ng/mL. Many female swimmers have a relative iron deficiency with sub-optimal ferritin values. In competitive female swimmers, low ferritin level is an indicator of both iron deficiency and inadequate diet. It can be expected that an adequate nutritional regime in athletes with low ferritin values will lead both to the replenishment of iron stores and to an increase in muscle mass and, ultimately, to an improvement in sports performance.","PeriodicalId":34626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sports Sciences","volume":"63 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR ABILITIES IN VOLLEYBALL","authors":"P. Peev, Oleg Hristov, Anisa Nurja, Serafim Lazov, Petya Petkova, Milena Zdravcheva, Vera Antonova, Vlаdimir Kotev, Hristo Andonov","doi":"10.37393/jass.2024.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37393/jass.2024.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"There are a large number of publications related to conditioning in volleyball and in general. However, a very small part of them are related to the development of motor abilities in an age aspect. Such a study would be very difficult to implement, but at the same time, it would be beneficial in terms of the selection and sports orientation of youth volleyball. Volleyball as a sport has developed extremely dynamically in recent years, which makes it even more demanding in terms of fitness. The basic skills necessary for successful implementation in sports are complex and based on the athletes' ability to jump, sprint, and hit. From this point of view, the interest in this research was dictated, with the primary goal of determining the values of the main signs related to the volleyball game and compiling normative tables for control and assessment of preparedness. The research tasks also arise from the goal set in this way. To investigate the differences in the main essential characteristics of the volleyball game regarding age. To propose standards of control and evaluation. The methods we used to solve the problems are anthropometry, chronometry, tensiometry, speedometry, and mathematical-statistical methods (frequency, variation analysis, and sigma method). Results: The most significant increase in women was observed in the results of the jump tests and the speed of the serve (over 20 %) and smaller within 10% in the running tests. We attribute these results to the fact that the listed movements emphasize the training and competition process. Based on the obtained results, norms for evaluating the readiness of the contestants have been drawn up.","PeriodicalId":34626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sports Sciences","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENERGY AND MACRONUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FEMALE SOCCER ATHLETES: WHAT SPORT PRACTITIONERS MIGHT BE INTERESTED TO KNOW","authors":"Khutso Matlaila Ramokolo, S. Masoga, S. H. Makuse","doi":"10.37393/jass.2024.01.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37393/jass.2024.01.8","url":null,"abstract":"Female soccer sport is recently gaining popularity across the world. However, there remains little research on nutritional recommendations devoted to this group. This can pose a challenge for sports and health practitioners when conducting interventions in this group. A few authors suggested nutritional recommendations for energy and macronutrients close or similar to those used in males, usually around 7 – 12 g/kg/day for carbohydrates, 1.2 -1.7 g/kg/day for protein, 0.5 – 1 g/kg/day for fat and different resting energy expenditure formulas for energy. Still, these recommendations have not been made quite clear or at least emphasized for use amongst female soccer athletes, including the timing of these macronutrients before, during, and after training or competition. Noting the physiological and body composition differences between males and females, this review aims to explore available nutritional recommendations for female athletes so that they, coaches, and sports practitioners have a clear guide for adherence during training and intervention sessions.","PeriodicalId":34626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sports Sciences","volume":"29 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SODIUM NITRITE (E250) AND ZINC AS MODULATORS OF THE BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BLOOD IN SPORTS","authors":"Ivan Ivanov, Y. Gluhcheva, E. Petrova","doi":"10.37393/jass.2024.01.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37393/jass.2024.01.7","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional supplements are often used by athletes to support their performance. However, if there is no nutrient deficiency, supplementation may not improve performance and may even have a detrimental effect on both performance and health. The aim of this study was to review the influence of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and zinc (Zn) on the hemorheological status of different types of blood cells with application in sports. Sodium nitrite, known as food preservative E250, and zinc are proven modulators of the biomechanical properties of blood, influencing its hematometric and hemorheological properties. Our previous experimental results demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of NaNO2 in mature rats had a diverse effect on the leukocyte and platelet populations. After the treatment, the number of monocytes and granulocytes decreased significantly, thus increasing the susceptibility to infections. The number of platelets increased, altering the coagulation status of blood. Scientific research data show that the proper intake of NaNO2 and Zn improves glucose metabolism, a key factor in maintaining energy levels during physical activity, muscle strength, and endurance. Zn also exhibits protective effects against bone loss. Excessive intake of zinc for long periods may interfere with other essential elements of metabolism. This review proves that hemorheological parameters such as whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, as well as the main hematometric indices are suitable quantitative biological markers for monitoring nitrite and/or zinc supplementation.","PeriodicalId":34626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sports Sciences","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SALIVARY BIOMARKERS AND EXTERNAL LOAD IN PROFESSIONAL MALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS DURING A GAME","authors":"D. Cabarkapa, Drake A. Eserhaut, Anthony B. Ciccone, Damjana V. Cabarkapa, Nicolas M. Philipp, Andrew C Fry","doi":"10.37393/jass.2023.02.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37393/jass.2023.02.9","url":null,"abstract":"In a sport-specific setting, the external load represents the cumulative amount of stress placed on the athlete during a specific activity, while the internal load describes the athlete’s individual physiological response to that particular activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between external load measured with a tri-axial accelerometer and salivary testosterone (T), cortisol (C), and testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T/C) as measures of internal load during a 5-on-5 basketball game. Six professional male basketball players volunteered to participate in the investigation (age=28.3±1.9 years; height=193.3±10.6 cm; body mass=90.7±10.7 kg). Upon completing a standardized warm-up protocol, athletes played a simulated basketball game composed of four 10-minute quarters with the Elam Ending. Each athlete wore a tri-axial inertial measurement unit (StriveTech, Bothell, WA, USA) embedded within tightly fitted compression shorts throughout the competitive period. The salivary samples were collected immediately upon arrival at the gym and immediately after each quarter. To determine the relationship between the external load and T, C, and T/C, separate restricted maximum likelihood linear mixed-effects models were fitted (p<0.05). External load demonstrated a strong positive relationship with C (p<0.001, F=49.03, R2=0.59, R2CI=0.36-0.78) and a strong negative relationship with T/C (p<0.001, F=56.53, R2=0.61, R2CI=0.39-0.79). Overall, these findings simply that C may be a valuable biomarker for assessing the summative psychophysiological stress experienced during competitive 5-on-5 basketball play as a gradual rise in C was observed along with accumulating external loads.","PeriodicalId":34626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sports Sciences","volume":"44 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPORTS MOTIVATION AND PECULIARITIES OF SELF-REALIZATION AMONG KAZAKHSTAN ATHLETES","authors":"Julia Krasmik, T. Iancheva, Rahmalin Bolat","doi":"10.37393/jass.2023.02.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37393/jass.2023.02.7","url":null,"abstract":"Athletes’ true self-realization depends on the degree of mobilization of personal resources, particularly the motivational ones, which act as long-term regulators of athletes’ activity. The optimal management of motivation at each stage of the sporting career, both in elite and amateur sports, predetermines athletes’ self-realization to a great extent. The aim of the research was to examine the motivational determinants, resilience and self-realization components and their specificity among elite athletes, amateurs, and para-Olympians. The research was conducted among 180 athletes: 60 elite athletes, 60 amateurs, and 60 para-Olympians. For the purposes of the study, we used: Questionnaire for researching the motives of sports activity, Tropnikov; Questionnaire “Motives of Sports activity”(MSA), Kalinin, adapted by Y. Krasmik (2022); Psychic Resistance Test, Muddy, adapted by D. A. Leontiev and E. I. Raskazova; Multidimensional questionnaire on personality self-realization, Kudinov. The results revealed different motivational profiles of elite athletes, amateur athletes, and para-Olympians and a specific hierarchy of motives. The level of self-realization of the athletes belonging to the three groups corresponds to the adaptive one. The established differences showed a higher level of self-realization in the group of elite athletes.","PeriodicalId":34626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sports Sciences","volume":"59 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}