International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Adopting complementary and integrative medicine: Effects of Antox® and Bactofort® administrations on clinico-pathological changes in pullets inoculated with a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus","authors":"A. Andamin, O. Orakpoghenor, T. Markus, F. Akade, P. Abdu, T. Aluwong","doi":"10.18488/ijvsr.v8i1.3394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijvsr.v8i1.3394","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of Antox® and Bactofort® on clinico-pathological changes in ISA Brown chicks inoculated with a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). Two hundred (200) ISA Brown day-old chicks were randomly assigned into four groups (A to D) of 50 birds each. Groups A, and B were administered with Antox®, and Bactofort®, respectively from day-old to 42 days of age, and inoculated with vvIBDV at 28 days of age. Groups C, and D served as positive, and negative controls, respectively. Clinical signs, morbidity and mortality rates, gross and histopathological changes were determined. The clinical signs were moderate in groups A and B, but severe in group C and absent in group D by 7 days post-inoculation (dpi). Morbidity and mortality rates were lower in groups A and B compared to C. Gross and histopathological lesions were less severe in groups A and B compared to C. Antox® and Bactofort® ameliorated the negative effects of vvIBDV. Antox® and Bactofort® could be recommended for use in vvIBDV outbreaks to ameliorate the negative effects due to the infection.","PeriodicalId":345372,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114080747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in antibody titres and comparative efficacy of some unconventional remedies in mitigating the effects of infectious bursal disease virus infection in pullet chicks","authors":"J. Shallmizhili, P. Abdu, O. Orakpoghenor, T. Markus, A. Andamin, S. Oladele, A. Wakawa","doi":"10.18488/ijvsr.v8i1.3358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijvsr.v8i1.3358","url":null,"abstract":"Unconventional remedies are used by farmers against infectious bursal disease (IBD). This study assessed changes in IBD antibody titres and efficacy of some unconventional remedies used by farmers against IBD. Day old ISA brown pullets were assigned into eight groups (A-H) and inoculated with a very virulent IBD virus (vvIBDV) at 21 days of age as follows; group A - administered aqueous leaf extract of Kaya senegalensis (KS); B, C, D, E, and F administered remedies designated as SEV, ENP, ASMS, DLP, and OVX, respectively; G, and H were negative, and positive control, respectively. Changes in IBD antibody (Ab) titres, clinical signs, morbidity and mortality rates, gross lesions, weights and organ ratios of bursal (BF), spleen (S) and thymus (T) were assessed. There were protective levels of Ab in groups of chicks at 2 and 7 days of age. SEV and ASMS potentiated Ab response to vvIBDV; SEV mitigated the severity of clinical signs, morbidity and mortality rates, gross lesions and changes in body and BF weights and SBR; KS clinical signs, morbidity and mortality rates, BF weight and BBR; ENP morbidity rate, spleen and thymus weights and TBR; ASMS thymus weight and TBR; DLP gross lesions, BF weight and BBR; OVX body, spleen weights and SBR. The remedies demonstrated varied actions against VVIBDV infection. SEV and KS leaves could be administered at the onset of IBD outbreak and before IBD vaccination. Processing of KS leaves to reduce concentration of antimetabolites is recommended.","PeriodicalId":345372,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115718287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report on an outbreak of theileriosis in a dairy herd: Could it be a co-infection of a virulent strain of Theileria mutans with Theileria parva?","authors":"D. F. Tarusikirwa, D. N. Ndhlovu, T. Hove","doi":"10.18488/ijvsr.v8i1.3357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijvsr.v8i1.3357","url":null,"abstract":"This case report aimed to alert veterinarians of the possibility of simultaneous infections with more than one Theileria species in cattle herds in Zimbabwe. Cows (N=7) and a postmortem specimen from a dairy farm located in Chivhu, Mashonaland East province, Zimbabwe were presented for clinical and postmortem examination, respectively. On history taking, the herd had a decrease in milk yield and high cow mortalities. The presented live animals had a heavy tick burden and were febrile and lethargic. Post-mortem findings revealed strong evidence suggestive of theileriosis. Theileria schizonts and piroplasms were identified in stained lymph node aspirate, impression, and blood smears. The herd was managed using tetracyclines and buparvaquone together with an intensive dipping protocol until deaths had stopped. Both the clinical and postmortem findings were strongly suggestive of the possibility of a simultaneous infection with more than one Theileria species in this herd. Thus, these finding highlight the need to characterise the Theileria species profile in Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":345372,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133700296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Shots of Immunization Effectively Induce Protective IgG against Canine Parvo-Viral Infection","authors":"E. R. Sarkar, Anika Hashem, Saida Zinnurine, Suchandan Sikder","doi":"10.18488/ijvsr.v7i2.3200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijvsr.v7i2.3200","url":null,"abstract":"Regardless of good hygiene and management, a significant number of dogs are lost every year due to deadly attack of parvo virus. The immunization schedules recommended by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) do not have exclusive suggestions on dogs living in Bangladesh. The WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group (VGG) suggested that vaccination recommendations that apply to a developed country may not be appropriate for a developing country. Due to inadequate sero-monitoring, emergence and re-emergence of Parvo viral infection following immunization is a common event. Therefore, the current study is designed to establish a definite guideline for Parvo viral immunization in dogs. We immunized group of dogs with commercially available parvo virus vaccine Nobivac Dog®, and a second dose was injected 14-days following the initial dose. Sera samples were collected before starting injections and 7-day following 1st and 2nd dose of vaccinations. We performed Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect protective serum IgG titer against the canine parvo virus type 2 antigen. Demographic data of the participated animals was compared to the status of antibody titer. Findings of this study revealed that two-shots of immunizations with a booster injection of 2-3 weeks apart from the primary immunization is essential to develop positive titer. The purebred female dogs of older than three-months had higher IgG when compared to local, crossbred, male and younger dogs. The results will provide valuable information to establish National Guidelines for Immunizations in Dogs of Bangladesh for effective prevention and control of this deadly disease.","PeriodicalId":345372,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132864392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field Trial on the Control of Flies in Cattle by Spraying Aqueous Extract of Leaves and Seeds of Moringa Oleifera","authors":"V. H. González-Álvarez, Gabriela Alvarado-Rodríguez, Esdras Reachi-Guzman, Joel Dolores-Rafael, Heladio Moreno-Melo, L. A. Saavedra-Jiménez","doi":"10.18488/ijvsr.v7i1.3018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/ijvsr.v7i1.3018","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle flies are external, blood-sucking parasites. Their control can be done by using repellents from plant extracts. The objectives of the research were, to determine the number of flies that infest cattle and to evaluate how long the aqueous extract of leaves and seeds of M. oleifera took to make effect. Through the study, fly counts on the wither or hump region were taken between 8:00-9:00 am and 5:00-6:00 pm. To obtain the aqueous extract, 2.5 kg of leaf and seed powder were used, diluted in 20 L of distilled water. The solution was left to stand for 24 h in a dark room. With the liquid obtained, four clinically healthy bovines, two females of the Gray Brahman and Suizbu breeds and two bulls of the Guzerat and Red Brahman breeds, were sprayed until the aqueous extract runoff. Once the treatment was applied, the fly count was performed on the surface of the animals. During the three days of the study, a total of 1,256 flies were counted in the four animals, with an average of 608 flies on days 1 and 3 of the experiment, while on day 2 it decreased to 52 flies, with an average of 10 flies in the morning. and 42 in the afternoon. The spraying with the extract of leaves and seeds prevented the flies from landing on the animals; however, a long-lasting repellent effect was not observed.","PeriodicalId":345372,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131936353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Ketosis Detected by an Electronic Cow Side Test and its Impact to Days Open on Dairy Cows","authors":"Duricic Drazen, Bacan Iva, Samardžija Marko","doi":"10.18488/journal.110.2021.62.14.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.110.2021.62.14.18","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to resolve and confirm the previous results of subclinical and clinical ketosis prevalence in northwestern Croatia detected by an electronic cow side test and its impact on days open in dairy herds. Cows (N=559) 2-8 years old from 96 farms located in northwestern Croatia were included in the study. The average milk yield was 7327.80 ± 968.21 kg. The cows were classified into two separate groups: ketotic cows group KET (n=73) with BHBA blood concentration of ≥1.4 mmol/L, and negative NEG (n=486) group with serum BHBA level of <1.4 mmol/L. One droplet of blood from the caudal vein was collect from randomly selected cows in the period 7 to 15 days after parturition. BHBA level determined with Precision Xceed BHBA devices. The period from parturition to first insemination (days open to the first (artificial) insemination, DOFI) was shorter in NEG than in the POS group (110.56±10.65 days vs.114.82±12.23 days, respectively) such as period from parturition to successful conception (days open to successful conception, DOSC), (139.97±15.18 days vs. 127.99±15.87 days, respectively). The prevalence of clinical and subclinical ketosis was 15.02%. Ketosis significantly prolonged days open to first artificial insemination and days open to successful conception in cows from northwestern Croatia.","PeriodicalId":345372,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126477762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Subclinical Mastitis on Reproductive Performance of Dairy Animals","authors":"M. W. Ghani, L. Bin, Muhammad Waseem Birmani, A. Nawab, L. G. Cun, Li Ye, Xiao Mei","doi":"10.18488/journal.110.2019.52.48.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.110.2019.52.48.57","url":null,"abstract":"According to the international dairy federation, the dairy sector provides up to one billion livelihoods around the globe. Albeit, it faces many challenges including the two potentially threatening diseases which are mastitis and infertility. Both are complex multifactorial diseases, and mastitis is associated with causing infertility. Mastitis is an intramammary infection (IMI) and it occurs in two forms, clinical and subclinical. Mastitis being the infection of mammary glands, directly affects milk production to reduce its quality and quantity and indirectly hinders the reproductive performance of dairy animals. It negatively affects the reproduction parameters of dairy animals including, an increase in days open, a decrease in pregnancy rates, and increases chances of early embryonic losses and abortion. The chronic cases of mastitis lead toward the infertility of dairy animals and both of these diseases are responsible for increasing the culling rate and decreasing the profitability of a dairy farm. The objective of this study is to illustrate the influence of subclinical mastitis on reproduction parameters of dairy animals including, days open, days to the first service after calving, pregnancy rates, abortion, and embryonic losses. The relation between mastitis and infertility will be explained mechanistically.","PeriodicalId":345372,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132753695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic Detection of Haemoparasites in Muscovy Ducks (Anas Platyrynchos) in Gombe State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Lawal, A. A. Biu, U. Ibrahim","doi":"10.18488/journal.110.2019.52.23.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.110.2019.52.23.31","url":null,"abstract":"This present study aimed to detect haemosporidians from the blood of Muscovy ducks in Gombe State Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 880 apparently healthy ducks of both sexes from the month of April, 2015 to February, 2016. Microscopic examination of Giemsa stained thin blood films revealed 16.14% overall prevalent rate of haemoparasites. The prevalence was found to be highest in Yamaltu/Deba LGA (23.08%) and least in Funakaye LGA (7.83%). Among the four genera of haemoparasites detected, Aegyptinella species (7.73%) was most prevalent followed by Leucocytozoon species (5.57%) and Haemoproteus species (2.16%) while Plasmodium specie (0.68%) was the least. Prevalence rate was found to be significantly higher (p","PeriodicalId":345372,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114203634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Arginine as Immune Regulator in Animal Nutrition","authors":"Muhammad Waseem Birmani, Aqeela Raza, A. Nawab, Shuyan Tang, M. W. Ghani, Guanghui Li, M. Xiao, L. An","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.110.2019.51.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.110.2019.51.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Arginine grouped in a gluconeogenic amino acid extensively found in the animal's cells. Fast growing animals require more arginine in their diet as broilers and pigs. It plays a critical role in ammonia detoxification and protein biosynthesis. Arginine is not only involved in the synthesis and catabolism of a variety of nutrients in the animal body but mainly act as an immunomodulatory mediator. Along with nutritional function has immune-related functions. In urea cycle act as an important intermediate and also catalyzes the production of ornithine by enzyme arginase and converted into polyamines that involved later in cell proliferation and wound healing. Nitric oxide synthases catalyze the production of nitric oxide from arginine and NO is a cellular signaling molecule for immune regulation. Many hormones secretion increased by arginine particularly the growth hormones which could enhance the immune function. Arginine metabolism pathway and its downstream metabolites like nitric oxide and polyamines might be vital for the activation of T-cell and ultimately take part in adaptive immunity. For immune regulation, arginine could stimulate the production of different immune cytokines. In this paper, in the perspective to provide significance reference about arginine in the immune study, the arginine immune mechanism and use of arginine in animals will review.","PeriodicalId":345372,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114319115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis and its Effects on Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows during the Postpartum Period in Gasabo District, Rwanda","authors":"Jean Baptiste Twagirayezu, V. Musanayire, L. Murerwa, M. M. Mouiche, J. N. Hakizimana, P. Nyabinwa","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.110.2021.61.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.110.2021.61.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis is one of the most important diseases affecting production and reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCMA) and its effects on reproductive performance in postpartum dairy cows. In a cross-sectional survey, sample cows (n = 200) within their 10-40 days in milk from smallholder farms (n = 159) were selected and tested for SCMA using California Mastitis Test. They were classified into two groups: cows with SCMA (SCMA group, n = 101) and cows without SCMA (WSCMA group, n = 99). Reproductive performance including calving-to-first-oestrus interval (CFOI), calving-to-first service interval (CFSI), calving-to-conception interval Contribution/Originality: This study is one of very few studies which have investigated the occurrence of subclinical mastitis and its effects on subsequent reproductive performance of zero-grazed dairy cows under existing smallholder farming conditions. The study has also contributed to the existing literatures concerning mastitis infections in dairy cows. WSCMA maintenance and sustainability of a optimizing the reproduction efficiency crucial These findings give the animal health service providers a further opportunity to improve the udder health, welfare and performance of Rwandan smallholder dairy herds. The observed findings are in accordance with that previously reported in Turkey & Gunay, 2008). In this study, the NSC and CCI were found to be 1.9±0.1 services and 107.8±7.4 days, respectively, lower than 3.1±0.3 services and 143.5±11.4 days for cows with SCMA reported by Schrick et al. in Knoxville. This shows that increased NSC was reflected in the prolonged CCI indicating a shorter inter calving interval in cows without SCMA leading to a decrease in herd profitability and sustainability. This is because smallholder farmers being unable to ensure proper feeding practices, they have to wait for long periods for dairy cows to resume ovarian functions in the postpartum period. Furthermore, poor body condition of sampled dairy cows as a proxy of inadequate feeding practices may result in more cows having a negative energy and protein balance which increases the exposure of cows to udder infections and this results in poor reproductive performance of dairy cows. Therefore, it is desirable to farmers to ensure good hygiene and proper feeding practices in the transition period to prevent SCMA and consequently improve the reproductive performance of their dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":345372,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133608556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}