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Comparison of GARP and Maxent in modelling the geographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis in Zimbabwe GARP和Maxent在津巴布韦炭疽芽孢杆菌地理分布建模中的比较
Zimbabwe veterinary journal Pub Date : 2017-09-06 DOI: 10.4314/ZVJ.V35I1
S. Chikerema, I. Gwitira, A. Murwira, D. Pfukenyi, G. Matope
{"title":"Comparison of GARP and Maxent in modelling the geographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis in Zimbabwe","authors":"S. Chikerema, I. Gwitira, A. Murwira, D. Pfukenyi, G. Matope","doi":"10.4314/ZVJ.V35I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZVJ.V35I1","url":null,"abstract":"A number of presence-only models can be used in the prediction of the geographic distribution of diseases and/or their vectors. The predictive performance of these models differs depending on a number of factors but primarily the modeled species’ ecological traits. In this study, the performance of GARP and Maxent, two of the most commonly used modelling methods were compared in predicting presence and absence of anthrax in Zimbabwe using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Kappa statistic and the Jaccard coefficient as measures of model performance. The results showed that GARP had higher accuracy than Maxent (GARP = 0.70, Maxent = 0.67). Both methods had equal sensitivity (sensitivity = 0.71), but GARP had higher specificity (GARP=0.70, Maxent=0.67). Both Kappa and the Jaccard coefficient were also higher for GARP (0.335; 0.36) than for Maxent (0.295; 0.34). The results imply that GARP has superior performance over Maxent and is recommended for modelling species habitat suitability.Keywords: ENMs, GARP, Maxent, Anthrax","PeriodicalId":345251,"journal":{"name":"Zimbabwe veterinary journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121264299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Detection and levels of aflatoxin M₁ in raw milk of dairy cows from selected small scale and commercial farms in Harare, Zimbabwe 津巴布韦哈拉雷选定小规模和商业农场的奶牛原料奶中黄曲霉毒素M 1的检测和水平
Zimbabwe veterinary journal Pub Date : 2016-11-18 DOI: 10.4314/zvj.v34i1
R. Stewart, Oswin Choga, Blessing Chiriseri, D. Pfukenyi
{"title":"Detection and levels of aflatoxin M₁ in raw milk of dairy cows from selected small scale and commercial farms in Harare, Zimbabwe","authors":"R. Stewart, Oswin Choga, Blessing Chiriseri, D. Pfukenyi","doi":"10.4314/zvj.v34i1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/zvj.v34i1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the presence and concentration levels of aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) in raw milk from commercial and small-scale dairy farms in Harare, Zimbabwe. The screening for AFM 1 was performed using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the limit of detection was 0.05μg/kg, this is the acceptable limit for aflatoxins in milk as set by the EU so any sample is considered positive if above this limit. Overall, 79.2% (38/48) of the samples were positive, with the commercial sector recording a higher percentage (92.1%, 35/38) of positive samples compared to the small scale sector (30.0%, 3/10). The overall mean concentration of AFM 1 levels for positive samples from the commercial sector was 1.9 and there was a significant difference (p < 0.003) in mean concentration levels between the two commercial farms. In contrast the mean concentration level for the small-scale was 0.9. The mean concentration levels of AFM 1 for commercial farm 1, commercial farm 2 and the small-scale sector were 46, 26 and 38 times above the limit, respectively. The results of the study showed the presence of aflatoxin M 1 in raw milk from commercial and small-scale dairy farms. Aflatoxin M 1 concentration levels in the sampled raw milk could have negative impacts on public and animal health. Hence, further studies are required to ascertain the extent of the problem and the factors associated with high aflatoxin M 1 levels in raw milk in the studied areas. Keywords: Aflatoxin M 1","PeriodicalId":345251,"journal":{"name":"Zimbabwe veterinary journal","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127049256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Helminth parasites of antelope in Zimbabwe: An update 津巴布韦羚羊的蠕虫寄生虫:最新进展
Zimbabwe veterinary journal Pub Date : 2004-12-15 DOI: 10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5374
O. Madzingira, S. Mukaratirwa
{"title":"Helminth parasites of antelope in Zimbabwe: An update","authors":"O. Madzingira, S. Mukaratirwa","doi":"10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5374","url":null,"abstract":"An updated list of helminth parasites of impala ( Aepyceros melampus ), blue wildebeest ( Connochaetes taurinus ), sable antelope ( Hippotragus niger ), waterbuck ( Kobus ellipsiprymnus ), common duiker ( Sylvicapra grimmia ), eland ( Taurotragus oryx ), tsessebe ( Damaliscus lunatus ) and bushbuck ( Tragelaphus scriptus ) is given based on the results of a study of helminths of antelope reared with cattle. The helminths are listed according to host species. The list will constitute an update of the helminth checklist reported by Jooste (1989). New helminth species were recorded in impala, tsessebe, sable antelope, waterbuck, common duiker and bushbuck. Zimbabwe Vet. J. Vol.33(2) 2002: 109-115","PeriodicalId":345251,"journal":{"name":"Zimbabwe veterinary journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133219990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Haematology and clinical chemistry parameters in indigenous Mukota, Large White and Large White x Mukota crossbred pigs in Zimbabwe 津巴布韦本土Mukota猪、大白猪和大白与Mukota杂交猪的血液学和临床化学参数
Zimbabwe veterinary journal Pub Date : 2004-12-15 DOI: 10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5371
J. Chulu, M. E. Dlamini, M. Tivapasi, M. Chimonyo, K. Erlwanger, K. Dzama
{"title":"Haematology and clinical chemistry parameters in indigenous Mukota, Large White and Large White x Mukota crossbred pigs in Zimbabwe","authors":"J. Chulu, M. E. Dlamini, M. Tivapasi, M. Chimonyo, K. Erlwanger, K. Dzama","doi":"10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5371","url":null,"abstract":"The study was designed to compare blood parameters of three-month old, apparently healthy Mukota, Large White (LW) and LW ´ Mukota pigs. The blood picture of three- and six-month old Mukota pigs was also assessed. Red cell indices were higher (P 0.05) in the haematology and clinical chemistry parameters. Six-month old Mukota pigs had higher values (P Zimbabwe Vet. J. Vol.33(2) 2002: 85-95","PeriodicalId":345251,"journal":{"name":"Zimbabwe veterinary journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114566741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Refractoriness to Leishmania donovani and L. major in experimentally infected domestic and wild birds 实验感染家禽和野禽对多诺曼原虫和大利什曼原虫的抗性
Zimbabwe veterinary journal Pub Date : 2004-12-15 DOI: 10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5369
P. Mbati
{"title":"Refractoriness to Leishmania donovani and L. major in experimentally infected domestic and wild birds","authors":"P. Mbati","doi":"10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5369","url":null,"abstract":"In the first of a series of experiments, a wild rock pigeon ( Columba guinea ), a wild guinea fowl ( Numidia meleagris ), a domestic chicken ( Gallus gallus ) and a domestic feral pigeon ( Columbia livia ) were subcutaneously challenged each with 1´107 culture-derived stationary phase Leishmania major (NLB-144) promastigotes. No parasites were recovered from any of the birds during a weekly sampling over a period of eleven weeks from both smears and cultures and neither was a lesion or nodule suggestive of a cutaneous infection observed. All the birds except the guinea fowl were sacrificed at twelve weeks post L. major -infection and cultures and smears prepared from the liver, heart, bone marrow and blood were negative for parasites. In a second series of experiments, uninfected birds that included a rock pigeon, a chicken, and a feral pigeon together with the guinea fowl previously infected with L. major were challenged subcutaneously with an inoculum dose of 1´108 culture derived L. donovani promastigotes. At fours weeks post challenge, the animals were sacrificed and touch smears and cultures prepared from the liver, heart, bone marrow and blood were negative for parasites. Serum from all the experimental groups when assayed for Leishmania specific antibodies using the Direct Agglutation Assay showed evidence of humoral response to infection. However, as it is not possible to experimentally infect these birds with even high doses of either L. major or L. donovani parasites, it is logical to conclude that domestic and wild birds may not be reservoirs of Leishmania infection. Zimbabwe Vet. J. Vol.33(2) 2002: 73-78","PeriodicalId":345251,"journal":{"name":"Zimbabwe veterinary journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125439632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of cranial dysraphism in a breed of crested duck (Hollandse kuifeend) and in the bovine 一种冠鸭(荷兰鸭)与牛颅骨发育异常的比较
Zimbabwe veterinary journal Pub Date : 2004-12-15 DOI: 10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5368
B. Mushonga, W. Kersten, M. Frankenhuis, E. Gruys
{"title":"Comparison of cranial dysraphism in a breed of crested duck (Hollandse kuifeend) and in the bovine","authors":"B. Mushonga, W. Kersten, M. Frankenhuis, E. Gruys","doi":"10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5368","url":null,"abstract":"The dysraphic state in the Dutch crested duck is a breed specific autosomal trait with an incomplete penetrance. We have observed similarities between the lesions found in the head of the normal Dutch crested duck ( Hollandse kuifeend ) and cases of dysraphism found in calves that have continuously been brought to our laboratory. The comparison between these lesions in different animal species has not been described before. Breeding studies have shown that dysraphic state in the duck is a lethal trait but, as in other airmails with undesirable traits, such as the British bulldog and crested chicken breeds, the crested duck continues to flourish. Based on the gross similarities of the lesions proposed that the pathogenesis of the condition could be the same and the duck could be adopted as an animal model for the study of this condition in the bovine although the pattern of inheritance of this condition in the bovine has not been established. Zimbabwe Vet. J. Vol.33(2) 2002: 64-71","PeriodicalId":345251,"journal":{"name":"Zimbabwe veterinary journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129487764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Case Report: Ulcerative gastritis in a semi-captive rock hyrax ( Procavia capensis ) 半圈养岩兔(Procavia capensis)溃疡性胃炎病例报告
Zimbabwe veterinary journal Pub Date : 2004-12-15 DOI: 10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5372
B. Dzoma, M. Tivapasi, T. Dzikiti
{"title":"Case Report: Ulcerative gastritis in a semi-captive rock hyrax ( Procavia capensis )","authors":"B. Dzoma, M. Tivapasi, T. Dzikiti","doi":"10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5372","url":null,"abstract":"An adult, semi-captive rock hyrax was presented to the University of Zimbabwe Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a history of anorexia and lethargy. Medical investigations showed evidence of abdominal pain, and marked red blood cell hypochromasia and macrocytosis. The rock hyrax later died and post mortem examination showed a severe ulcerative gastritis of the pars oesophagea. Histopathological examination of the pars oesophagea revealed a deep, nonproliferative, haemorrhagic ulcerative gastritis with a predominant lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltration. The adjacent epithelium presented both ortho- and parakeratosis. The gastritis was probably related to unsuitable feeding habits of the hyrax. Zimbabwe Vet. J. Vol.33(2) 2002: 97-100","PeriodicalId":345251,"journal":{"name":"Zimbabwe veterinary journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124383004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isolation of Toxoplasma gondii in a pig from a local abattoir in Zimbabwe 津巴布韦当地屠宰场猪中刚地弓形虫的分离
Zimbabwe veterinary journal Pub Date : 2004-12-15 DOI: 10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5370
T. Hove, S. Mukaratirwa
{"title":"Isolation of Toxoplasma gondii in a pig from a local abattoir in Zimbabwe","authors":"T. Hove, S. Mukaratirwa","doi":"10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5370","url":null,"abstract":"Inoculation of pepsin digested muscle (mixed heart and diaphragm) from a slaughter pig into six Balb C mice resulted in the isolation of Toxoplasma gondii which proved to be pathogenic to mice. These infected mice were retarded in growth when compared to the two uninoculated control animals. Mouse No.3 and Mouse No.6 died on days 14 and 16-post inoculation, respectively. Parasites were observed in lung smears of both mice. However, no parasites were observed in the brain tissue. Serology at day 15 post-infection revealed anti- T. gondii antibody titres of 1/500 in the modified agglutination test (MAT) in 4/5 of the surviving inoculated mice. All the surviving mice were sacrificed 13 weeks post-infection and multiple T. gondii tissue cysts were seen in the cerebrum of the mice that had been inoculated with the muscle digest but not in the control group. Zimbabwe Vet. J. Vol.33(2) 2002: 79-83","PeriodicalId":345251,"journal":{"name":"Zimbabwe veterinary journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129908362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A review of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Tanzania and the potential for spread to Southern Africa 坦桑尼亚传染性山羊胸膜肺炎及其向南部非洲传播的可能性综述
Zimbabwe veterinary journal Pub Date : 2004-12-15 DOI: 10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5373
L. Kusiluka
{"title":"A review of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Tanzania and the potential for spread to Southern Africa","authors":"L. Kusiluka","doi":"10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZVJ.V33I2.5373","url":null,"abstract":"Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia is (CCPP) a serious epizootic disease\u0000of goats that causes significant socio-economic losses in East Africa. The disease\u0000was officially confirmed in Tanzania in 1998 and since then it has spread widely\u0000throughout the country causing tremendous losses in the goat industry. So far,\u0000there is no clearly defined policy for the control and eradication of the disease in\u0000the country, a fact that favours its vast spread. The occurrence of the disease in\u0000the southern regions of Tanzania poses a serious risk to the goat industry of\u0000Tanzania and the neighbouring countries of southern Africa. Unless concerted\u0000efforts are made to eradicate it, the disease will remain a threat to the goat industry\u0000in the region. In this paper, the history, epidemiological features and control\u0000strategies for CCPP in Tanzania are reviewed. The potential for the spread of the\u0000disease to southern Africa is discussed and strategies to combat the situation are\u0000suggested. Zimbabwe Vet. J. Vol.33(2) 2002: 101-107","PeriodicalId":345251,"journal":{"name":"Zimbabwe veterinary journal","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124480864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The effects of imidocarb dipropionate on gastric acid secretion in the anaesthetised adult female rat 二丙酸咪唑威对麻醉成年雌性大鼠胃酸分泌的影响
Zimbabwe veterinary journal Pub Date : 2004-10-25 DOI: 10.4314/ZVJ.V32I2.5363
K. Erlwanger, Claudia O' Connell
{"title":"The effects of imidocarb dipropionate on gastric acid secretion in the anaesthetised adult female rat","authors":"K. Erlwanger, Claudia O' Connell","doi":"10.4314/ZVJ.V32I2.5363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZVJ.V32I2.5363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":345251,"journal":{"name":"Zimbabwe veterinary journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116905102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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