AARN: Africa (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Human as Capital: An Imperative for Africa","authors":"E. Akpa, Henry Chigozie Onuoha, Friday Chika Nwakpa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3209400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3209400","url":null,"abstract":"This study established the imperative for treating the human being in Africa as ‘human capital’ and showing that countries that invested more in human capital development had better economic and human development prospects than the countries that do not. Using comparative analysis, it was found that South Africa had better economic and human development outcomes than Nigeria because it spends more on human capital development as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) than Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":344998,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Africa (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124899761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Customs Duties as a Key Function of Rwanda’s Economic Growth Case Study: Gatuna Border in Gicumbi District (2010–2016)","authors":"Dr. Jean Paul Mpakaniye","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3109461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3109461","url":null,"abstract":"The study was about “Customs duties as a key function of Rwanda’s economic growth, Case study of GATUNA Border in Gicumbi District” has the general objective of assessing the impact of customs duties on Rwanda’s Economic growth guided by the following specific objectives: to identify the constraints faced economic growth based on customs duties from Gatuna Border, to analyze the factors influencing customs duties from Gatuna Border to achieve economic growth in Rwanda and to find out the indicators of economic growth in Rwanda via customs duties from Gatuna Border. The hypotheses of the study were: Fraud, Informal cross-border, High level of interest rate and High level of penalties are constraints faced economic growth based on customs duties from Gatuna Border. Type of goods traded, knowledge of the customs union protocol and mode of transportation across the border have the influence influencing customs duties from Gatuna Border to achieve economic growth in Rwanda and Infrastructure development, Increase in PCY, Poverty reduction and Increase in GDP as well as GNP are the indicators of economic growth in Rwanda via customs duties from Gatuna Border. The study was qualitative and quantitative parts as a research design where it used both primary data and secondary data, for data collection techniques the study used interview and documentation techniques. 10 people were considered as the study respondents in interview technique and it referred on the seated data from concerned institutions. E-Views through Microsoft excel was used to estimate simple and multiple regression model by using OLS Method. The major findings of this study revealed that there are different constraints faced economic growth based on customs duties from Gatuna Border where all 10 interviewees equal to 100% of the respondents said that the fraud is one in these constraints and there are factors influencing customs duties to achieve economic growth as R-Square of 0.994 which means 99.4% change in GDP as the measurement of economic growth if the explanatory variables change illustrated and there are different indicators of economic growth in Rwanda through customs duties from Gatuna Border where all 10 interviewees equal to 100% agreed. The study concluded that all the three objectives of this study were achieved and three research questions were answered and help to verify and to confirm all three hypotheses of the study. Finally, the study proposed different recommendations to the concerned people such as international traders, government and future researchers.","PeriodicalId":344998,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Africa (Topic)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133691202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nigeria's Engagement with the Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review: Potential for Acculturation or Risk of Regression?","authors":"Damian Etone","doi":"10.3366/AJICL.2020.0313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/AJICL.2020.0313","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the effectiveness of Nigeria's engagement with the Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review Mechanism (UPR). Now into the third cycle of the UPR, questions on the impact of the UPR process on the ground are gaining increasing attention and there is now a growing focus on state implementation of UPR recommendations. This article analyses the extent of Nigeria's engagement with the UPR mechanism with a focus on UPR I and II. It considers the potential for acculturation and the extent to which the government's fight against terrorism has affected its engagement with the UPR mechanism.","PeriodicalId":344998,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Africa (Topic)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134005122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structure of Nigeria's Restructuring Rhetoric","authors":"A. Farayibi","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3035520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3035520","url":null,"abstract":"The recent narratives in the public domain focus on the national issue of Nigeria’s restructuring. This call seems to be highly ratifying as it cuts across every part of the country. There had been contributions from former leaders and public office holders including former presidents, vice president and former governors. The academia, civil societies, professionals, students, politicians, religious leaders, serving governors etc. are not left behind. However as laudable as this call sounds, there is a wide disagreement over the real meaning of restructuring or what exactly needs to be restructured. This divergence in views is showcased by the way many people perceive what constitutes Nigeria’s problem. Except these views are reconciled, the call might be an effort in futility. Unless the structure of the clamored Nigeria’s restructuring is understood, the whole brouhaha might be a travesty eventually. This paper reviews the recent ongoing agitations for restructuring in Nigeria with a view to understanding the structure and reconciling the views.","PeriodicalId":344998,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Africa (Topic)","volume":"353 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125636684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Mobile Phones on Staple Food Markets in Mozambique: Improved Arbitrage or Increased Rent Extraction?","authors":"W. Zant","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2914944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2914944","url":null,"abstract":"I exploit the quasi experimental nature of the roll-out of the mobile phone network from 1997 to 2009 in Mozambique, to estimate impact of search costs on the dispersion of maize prices and transport costs. The rollout explains a 4.5-11 percent reduction in maize price dispersion, and a larger reduction in per ton km transport costs. Traders benefit by capturing more rent income. Increased efficiency is mainly associated with lower prices for consumers. Various sources of heterogeneity are identified: the reduction is larger for markets that are far apart, for source markets with higher mobile phone coverage and during droughts.","PeriodicalId":344998,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Africa (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132243159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instability in the Greater Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: An Analysis of Violent Events 2011-2015","authors":"Christopher D. Zambakari","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2950879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2950879","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an analysis and evaluation of the violence in Nigeria and one of its regions, the Niger Delta Region, from 2011 to 2015. The objective is to provide insight into the stability and impact of that violence on the country. The analysis used in this report is based on the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED). The conflict events in the Niger Delta Region fluctuated between 2011 and 2015. The year 2011 had the lowest conflict events at 2.6 percent while the year 2015 saw the highest number of violent events standing at 39.6 percent. Riots/protests accounted for the majority of conflict events whereas violence against civilians accounted for the second most conflict events in the Niger Delta Region. The Niger Delta region had a total of 954 events from 2011-2015. There were six major groups of actors contributing to these events: Outside or External Force, Rebel Force, Government or Mutinous Force, Rioters, Militia (Political and Ethnic), and Protesters and Civilians. The number of events in the Niger Delta Region rose each year from 2011 (25) to 2015 (378), whereas the number of fatalities in the Niger Delta Region peaked in 2013 (213), declined in 2014 (110), and rose again in 2015 (167).","PeriodicalId":344998,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Africa (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121823827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop Yield Volatility Among Smallholder Farmers in Ghana","authors":"J. Peprah, C. Afoakwah, Isaac Koomson","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-44180-7_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44180-7_4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344998,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Africa (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122488043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and Efficiency of Government Home Grown Initiatives to the Development of Rwanda.","authors":"Theoneste Bambujijumugisha","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2815124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2815124","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated how, in the route of achieving the development of Rwanda, government policies can be effective especially cultural based ones. Specifically, the paper ascertained the extent to which cultural based policies such as Gacaca courts, girinka munyarwanda and umuganda have contributed a lot in helping getting some socio-economic solutions that were not possible to get otherwise. The results showed that these policies have been successful and reached more than the expected results. Even if a country has to implement several policies; some coming from the experience of other countries but the target is to reach the targeted objectives. The findings have shown that the above mentioned policies have helped Rwandan government to get socio-economic solutions that it could not get if not. This study showed that the financial resources used in Gacaca courts are far from what should be used if genocide cases were tried in classical courts; taking experience of United nations court of Arusha (Tanzania). The genocide cases were time and resource saving and resources saved could be used in other development projects that can help the country to reduce poverty. This study showed also the contribution of Girinka munywarwanda in reducing poverty and promoting the development of the country. The study again investigated the contribution of monthly community services (Umuganda) in building the country. The paper suggests that Rwandan government can see how to design a lot of cultural based policies in order to promote the socio-economic development of the country. These policies are well understood by the local population as they are originated from the culture and to sensitize the local population is very easy; so the implementation becomes much easier. As these cultural based policies have cross-cutting issues with other government policies, they can contribute to overall success of these government policies.","PeriodicalId":344998,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Africa (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131997853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Expulsion to Exclusion; Revisiting the Citizenship Conundrum for Migrant Communities in Uganda.","authors":"J. Oloka-Onyango","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3617265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3617265","url":null,"abstract":"Post-independence Ugandan history is pock-marked with the expulsion of both citizen and non-citizen minority and migrant communities. While the best known of such was the Asian expulsion of the early-1970s, large numbers of Kenyan Jaluo and Rwandese indigenous and migrant communities suffered a similar fate. Although the phenomenon of expulsion has ceased to be deployed as a tool of government policy and action since the emergence to power of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) government in 1986, this paper argues that various forms of exclusionary practice have been subtly deployed as a means to achieve similar objectives, i.e. the marginalization and discriminatory treatment of communities who allegedly have no claim to indigenuity. Such exclusion is manifest in the very manner in which a citizen of Uganda was defined in the 1995 Constitution and its relevant schedules as well as in recent developments around the recognition of dual citizenship, the treatment of long-term refugees and the law and practice on national identity cards.","PeriodicalId":344998,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Africa (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123169911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durban's Carlisle Street Refugee/Migrant Tenants’ ‘Shelter’ 2015","authors":"S. Mohamed","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2580799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2580799","url":null,"abstract":"The Organisation of Civic Rights (OCR) conducted a survey of the tenants of Carlisle Street Refugee/Migrant Tenants’ ‘Shelter’ after some of the tenants were concerned about its imminent closure by the Durban eThekwini Municipality. The inner city of Durban has become a haven for slumlords as it is for poor tenants who are desperate for accommodation and employment. The majority of the respondents were from Zimbabwe, occupying rooms in the main cottage and shipping containers on the property in Carlisle Street, Durban, South Africa. The survey was preceded by brief interviews with few tenants who provided ‘snapshots’ of possible tenures.In addition to establishing the type of tenure, it was important to include questions that would provide demographic information and a concise socio-economic profile. The investigations were to be as objective as possible, notwithstanding OCR’s position against landlords who exploited marginalised, vulnerable tenants. The questionnaires were followed up with second set of questions and several interviews and visits to clarify certain issues and to create a trustful relationship. This report is an analysis of the data and a critical examination of the living conditions of the tenants and of the court application that excluded the tenants, presumably on the grounds that they were ‘lodgers’.","PeriodicalId":344998,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Africa (Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114268405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}