The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context最新文献_第2页

Civil Liability for Clinical Misdiagnosis of Suicidal Intention: Procedure and Guidelines to Minimize Fatal Diagnostic Error 自杀意图临床误诊的民事责任:减少致命诊断错误的程序和指南

The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.5093/ejpalc2023a8

Raúl Quevedo-Blasco, María José Pérez, Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme, Tatiana Hess

{"title":"Civil Liability for Clinical Misdiagnosis of Suicidal Intention: Procedure and Guidelines to Minimize Fatal Diagnostic Error","authors":"Raúl Quevedo-Blasco, María José Pérez, Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme, Tatiana Hess","doi":"10.5093/ejpalc2023a8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2023a8","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objectives: A fatal diagnostic error of suicidal intention, i.e., an error implying death or serious injuries (i.e., incapacitating, chronic injury) to the patient, may have civil liability (punishable error) for the clinician. The Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI) is the reference psychometric instrument used to measure suicidal intention. A meta-analytical review was designed with the aim of estimating the true reliability of the SSI in general and in different settings (moderators) with the aim of correcting unreliability raw scores. Method: A total of 90 primary studies reporting SSI’s reliability (internal consistency) was found in the literature, yielding a total of 92 effect sizes. Bare-bones meta-analysis of correlation coefficients correcting effect by sampling error were run. Results: The results showed an overall mean true internal consistency of .8904, 95&percnt; CI [.8878, .8930], meaning that 42.6&percnt; of the population standard deviation is error and 18.11&percnt; of an individual’s measure is error. Additional estimations (moderators) of SSI’s reliability for gender (men: .8873, women: .8808) adaptation version (English: .9212, Korean: .9052, Chinese: .8402, Italian: .9163, Persian: .8612), and population (subclinical: .8769, general: .9230, mental illness: .9040) were obtained. All mean true estimations were under the desirable standard for applied settings where critical decisions are made, .95. Furthermore, for populations with risk of suicide, such as prison inmates and militaries, mean true reliability could not be computed as k was insufficient. Conclusion: Implications of true reliabilities obtained for the estimation of individuals’ true scores and population standard deviations are discussed. Examples of computation of true scores to minimize fatal diagnosis errors were performed for both known reliability and unknown reliability settings (e.g., risk populations).","PeriodicalId":344860,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Maltreatment History and Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Out-ofhome Care: A Three-Level Meta-analysis 家庭外护理的虐待史与内化和外化症状:一项三水平元分析

The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.5093/ejpalc2023a10

Eunice Magalhães, Cláudia Camilo

引用次数: 2

Combining the Devil’s Advocate Approach and Verifiability Approach to Assess Veracity in Opinion Statements 结合魔鬼代言人法与可验证法评估意见陈述的真实性

The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.5093/ejpalc2023a6

Sharon Leal, Aldert Vrija, Haneen Deeb, Oliwia Dabrowna, R. Fisher

{"title":"Combining the Devil’s Advocate Approach and Verifiability Approach to Assess Veracity in Opinion Statements","authors":"Sharon Leal, Aldert Vrija, Haneen Deeb, Oliwia Dabrowna, R. Fisher","doi":"10.5093/ejpalc2023a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2023a6","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: We examined the ability to detect lying about opinions with the Devil’s Advocate Approach and Verifiability Approach. Method: Interviewees were first asked an opinion eliciting question to argue in favour of their alleged personal view. This was followed by a devil’s advocate question to argue against their alleged personal view. Since reasons that support rather than oppose an opinion are more readily available in people’s minds, we expected truth tellers’ responses to the opinion eliciting question to include more information and to sound more plausible, immediate, direct, and clear than their responses to the devil’s advocate question. In lie tellers these patterns were expected to be less pronounced. Interviewees were also asked to report sources that could be checked to verify their opinion. We expected truth tellers to report more verifiable sources than lie tellers. A total of 150 participants expressed their true or false opinions about a societal issue. Results: Supporting the hypothesis, the differences in plausibility, immediacy, directness, and clarity were more pronounced in truth tellers than in lie tellers (answers to eliciting opinion question sounded more plausible, immediate, direct, and clear than answers to the devil’s advocate question). Verifiable sources yielded no effect. Conclusions: The Devil’s Advocate Approach is a useful tool to detect lies about opinions.","PeriodicalId":344860,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131594419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Spain: A Survey Study 西班牙儿童性虐待的普遍性:一项调查研究

The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.5093/ejpalc2023a9

D. Pineda, P. Muris, A. Martínez-Martínez, J. A. Piqueras

引用次数: 1

Investigating the Memory Reports of Retractors Regarding Abuse 关于滥用牵开器记忆报告的调查

The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.5093/ejpalc2023a7

Chunlin Li, H. Otgaar, Tessa van Daele, Peter Muris, Sanne T. L. Houben, Ray Bull

{"title":"Investigating the Memory Reports of Retractors Regarding Abuse","authors":"Chunlin Li, H. Otgaar, Tessa van Daele, Peter Muris, Sanne T. L. Houben, Ray Bull","doi":"10.5093/ejpalc2023a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2023a7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Legal cases and research have shown that due to suggestive therapeutic interventions, people can start to remember abuse that they never experienced. Some of these people eventually retract their claims of abuse. This study examined the memory reports of self-defined retractors of abuse and the prevalence of nonbelieved memories. Method: In this study, a retrospective survey method was used to investigate 56 individuals who had retracted their claims of abuse. We examined details, plausibility, beliefs, and recollections of the abuse before and after retraction, as well as the reasons for withdrawing their belief and the outcomes of both recovered and retracted memories. Results: Twenty-four participants took significantly longer to retract the memories than to initially recover them. The belief in the occurrence of the abusive event and personal plausibility scores were significantly lower after the retraction, whereas the recollection scores were similar before and after the retraction. The main reason for withdrawing the belief in the abuse-related memory was the emergence of external evidence putting doubt on the retractors’ claims. After the withdrawal of the memories, some retractors (n = 17, 70.83%, 95% CI [52.6%, 0.89%]) believed that they gained more benefits (e.g., giving them a new chance to re-build their lives and to establish new relationships with others). Conclusion: While the reliability of retractors’ reports is unclear, these findings support related work on retractor memory reports and highlight the presence of nonbelieved memories within retractors’ memory reports.","PeriodicalId":344860,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127525948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Child-to-parent Violence Offenders (Specialists vs. Generalists): The Role of Direct Victimization at Home 儿童对父母的暴力犯罪者(专家与通才):家庭中直接受害的角色

The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5093/ejpalc2023a2

M. C. Cano-Lozano, L. Contreras, Mª-José Navas-Martínez, Samuel P. León, F. J. Rodríguez-Díaz

引用次数: 7

Interaction of Parental Discipline Strategies and Adolescents’ Personality Traits in the Prediction of Child-to-Parent Violence 父母管教策略与青少年人格特质在预测亲子暴力中的交互作用

The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5093/ejpalc2023a5

Aitor Jiménez-Granado, Joana del Hoyo-Bilbao, L. Fernández-González

引用次数: 1

Network Analysis of Emotional Symptoms and their Relationship with Different Types of Cybervictimization 情绪症状的网络分析及其与不同类型网络受害的关系

The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5093/ejpalc2023a3

M. M. Molero, M. C. Pérez-Fuentes, África Martos, R. M. Pino, J. J. Gázquez

引用次数: 3

The Interaction between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Neuropsychological Deficits for Explaining Dropout and Recidivism of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators 注意缺陷多动障碍与神经心理缺陷的相互作用:对亲密伴侣暴力施暴者辍学和再犯的解释

The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5093/ejpalc2023a4

Á. Romero-Martínez, M. Lila, C. Sarrate-Costa, J. Comes-Fayos, L. Moya‐Albiol

引用次数: 0

Verbal Cues to Deceit when Lying through Omitting Information: Examining the Effect of a Model Statement Interview Protocol 通过省略信息撒谎时的言语暗示:检验标准陈述访谈协议的效果

The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5093/ejpalc2023a1

Sharon Leal, Aldert Vrij, Haneen Deeb, Jennifer Burkhardt, Oliwia Dabrowna, Ronald P. Fisher

{"title":"Verbal Cues to Deceit when Lying through Omitting Information: Examining the Effect of a Model Statement Interview Protocol","authors":"Sharon Leal, Aldert Vrij, Haneen Deeb, Jennifer Burkhardt, Oliwia Dabrowna, Ronald P. Fisher","doi":"10.5093/ejpalc2023a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2023a1","url":null,"abstract":"Background/objectives: Practitioners frequently inform us that lying through omitting information is relevant to them, yet this topic has been largely ignored by verbal lie detection researchers. Method: In the present experiment participants watched a video recording of a secret meeting between three people. Truth tellers were instructed to recall the meeting truthfully, and lie tellers were instructed to pretend that one person (John) was not there. Participants were or were not exposed to a Model Statement during the interview. The dependent variables were ‘total details’ and ‘complications’. Results: Truth tellers reported more complications than lie tellers but lie tellers reported more details than truth tellers. The Model Statement resulted in more complications and details being reported. The Veracity x Model Statement interaction effect was not significant. In terms of self-reported strategies, the main veracity difference was that truth tellers were more inclined to ‘be detailed” than lie tellers. Discussion: We discuss the atypical finding (most details reported by lie tellers) and ideas for future research.","PeriodicalId":344860,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135419949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1