{"title":"Derivation of the Kalman filter in a Bayesian filtering perspective","authors":"R. Gurajala, P. Choppala, J. Meka, Paul D. Teal","doi":"10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581918","url":null,"abstract":"The Kalman filter is popularly known to be an optimal recursive implementation of the Bayesian prediction and correction in the sense that it minimises the estimated error covariance. The filter has been originally derived in this error minimising framework and there is extensive literature on the same. The Kalman filter has also been derived under other frameworks, like the maximum likelihood approach, etc., which all converge to the true posterior. In this paper we present a purely Bayesian filtering approach to the Kalman filter. We first build an analogy to the principles of Bayesian estimation and then present a step-by-step derivation for the Kalman filter following the Bayesian principles. From this derivation, we show that the Kalman filter gives a tractable solution to the Bayesian filtering process by computing the underlying probability densities exactly. This derivation is known to some in the research community but no formal article in the literature presents it in detail. This paper fills this gap and will be a good read for Bayesian enthusiasts. The filter is simulated in the proposed framework on a simple 4-D linear Gaussian model.","PeriodicalId":344816,"journal":{"name":"2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114825515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Star-Shaped Fractal Antenna with Triangular Slots Designed for Wideband Application","authors":"Sarita Rani, Madhusmita Mohanty, G. Sadhukhan","doi":"10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581436","url":null,"abstract":"A star-shaped fractal antenna with triangular slots has been proposed for the application in wide-band frequency range. The proposed design possess a wide operating bandwidth and also effective for S-band applications. The fractal design has been iterated subsequently until wide bandwidth in the frequency range of 1.82 GHz to 4.69 GHz is seen up to 3rd order of iteration. The simulated results for return loss, gain and radiation patterns are presented. The simulated 2D radiation pattern exhibit omnidirectional characteristics throughout the wide operating band. A maximum realized gain of 3.18 dB has been achieved at 3.5 GHz. The proposed design with an overall dimension of 70*40*1.6 mm3 with filleted partial ground structure is found to be suitable for wideband applications.","PeriodicalId":344816,"journal":{"name":"2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT)","volume":"12 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114059978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohapatra Kumar Gourab, U. Mandal, Angshuman Roy, G. Sadhukhan
{"title":"Remote Operation of Flight Termination System over Fiber Optic Media in Test Range Scenario","authors":"Mohapatra Kumar Gourab, U. Mandal, Angshuman Roy, G. Sadhukhan","doi":"10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581526","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel approach for implementing remote operation of flight termination system using single mode fiber optic link is demonstrated. The process involves RF signal generation and telecommand data modulation, RF to optical conversion at local end, transmission of modulated telecommand RF signal via single mode fiber over remote location, optical to RF conversion at remote end and transmitting through telecommand antenna. The received signal level at the optical to RF receiver module was analyzed for various RF input signal level at the transmitting end and maximum output level was recorded at −10.7 dBm. The CW FM modulated signal renders the expected spectrum after traveling the fiber of the required distance without any distortion. The measured maximum RF level has sufficient link margin above threshold of 10 dB for a target at 100 meters away from the telecommand antenna location.","PeriodicalId":344816,"journal":{"name":"2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121181131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SAR Image Classification using Transfer Learning","authors":"R. Praneetha, T. Dhipu, R. Rajesh","doi":"10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581609","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) is a prominent step in Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). These missions are aided by data from multiple sensors like Electro Optic-Infrared (EO/IR) cameras, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), etc. Recent studies of classifying SAR images have been accomplished using supervised deep learning techniques to enhance the performance of classification. In this paper, we use transfer learning on VGG-16 architecture pre-trained on ImageNet dataset. The VGG-16 architecture is extended using a 2-step modular approach for the data classes in MASATI-V2 binary and MSTAR-SAR multiclass datasets. The model is then trained by suitable tuning of hyperparameters, and we report accuracies of 100% for binary classification and 99.18% for SAR multiclass classification. This approach reduces the overfitting in case of smaller dataset volume that is typical in SAR imagery in maritime domain, while reducing the time taken for training and deployment of the model.","PeriodicalId":344816,"journal":{"name":"2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116740366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debipriya Dutta, Somnath Mahato, Sukabya Dan, Atanu Santra, Priya R Banerjee, A. Bose
{"title":"Ionospheric Effect on position solution accuracy using NavIC","authors":"Debipriya Dutta, Somnath Mahato, Sukabya Dan, Atanu Santra, Priya R Banerjee, A. Bose","doi":"10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9582070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9582070","url":null,"abstract":"NavIC is India's own regional satellite-based navigation system that operates in L5 and in the unique S-band of frequencies. Still now, NavIC single point positioning is done and NavIC PPP or RTK is not availabel. Therefore, to find out a method for obtaining the best possible solution quality using NavIC dual frequency operation, this paper studies the ionospheric delay in L5 and S bands and the associated dual-frequency position solution qualities from two locations in eastern India. It is seen that the ionospheric delay (ionodelay) values are least during early morning hours (3–6 am IST) and the ionodelay values are less in S-Band. The solution qualities are also found to be the best during that same time span as observed through repeated data for several days. Till the availability of NavIC PPP, differential NavIC or NavIC RTK, therefore, for obtaining the best possible precise location solution in NavIC standalone mode, data should be collected during 3–6 am IST.","PeriodicalId":344816,"journal":{"name":"2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121379193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observation and analysis of a typical thunderstorm event using Doppler Weather Radar products","authors":"B. Panda","doi":"10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581826","url":null,"abstract":"A typical decaying thunderstorm was detected on 25th April 2018 in close proximity to Chandipur region of Odissa, India. This decaying thunderstorm ultimately produced a warm downdraft known as heat burst. Within a short span of 10 minutes, ambient temperature increased almost 5.3°C and relative humidity plunged from 81 % to 22%. Radiosonde data indicated the presence of a dry layer at an altitude of 4km. The presence of a surface based temperature inversion and with sufficient downdraft momentum, the descending air could continue downward beyond its equilibrium level to reach the surface. Effect of downdraft on atmospheric pressure has also been studied thoroughly. Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) products are used to understand the thunderstorm activities.","PeriodicalId":344816,"journal":{"name":"2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115481270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UAV RF Fingerprinting with Power Spectra Estimates","authors":"Hilal Elyousseph, M. Altamimi","doi":"10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581796","url":null,"abstract":"There is a vital need to detect and classify different radio-controlled Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and that need will only grow as they gain wider use. Using Radio Frequency (RF) fingerprinting is a stealthy way to classify drone types and their operating modes without making any RF transmissions. In this work, we perform several tests to advance the current literature in detecting and classifying UAVs. We find that image classifiers can perform similarly to and even outperform 1D coefficient-based classifiers. We also demonstrate the effect of different Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) averaging, a common technique used to reduce the noise variance of power spectra estimates. We found that increasing the averaging before creating our images provides increased accuracy and reduced training time.","PeriodicalId":344816,"journal":{"name":"2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129692346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A sorted weighting lookahead sampling scheme for accurate and fast particle filtering","authors":"R. Gurajala, P. Choppala, J. Meka, Paul D. Teal","doi":"10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581396","url":null,"abstract":"The particle filter is known to be a powerful tool for estimating hidden Markov processes in nonlinear and nonGaussian state space models. The filter involves generating new particles from old ones, from regions of high importance in the state space using a proposal distribution and then weighing them using the incoming observation. However a poor choice of the proposal distribution may migrate the new particles into regions that do not contribute to the posterior and hence lead to one particle accumulating all the weight (termed particle degeneracy). This degeneracy is overcome using the resampling step that eliminates those particles with low weights and replaces them by those with large weights. However this resampling step is a computationally demanding operation. In the literature, the methods that speed up the particle filter, like the Gaussian particle filter, trade tracking accuracy with speed while methods that sample particles from high importance regions, like the auxiliary particle filters and lookahead particle filters, trade speed with accuracy. In this paper we propose a simple lookahead sampling scheme. Here the particles that fall into high importance regions are predetermined (seen ahead) and then propagated in copies to make up for those that should be discarded. This strategy avoids the resampling step and consequently leads to high speed and accuracy. Using two nonlinear models, we show the tracking efficiency of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":344816,"journal":{"name":"2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT)","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128867801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Horizontality Calibration of Electro Optical Tracking Pedestal using DFT","authors":"S. Barik, Satyabrata Sahu, Khageswar Sahoo","doi":"10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581803","url":null,"abstract":"Electro Optical Tracking System is a high precision trajectography system used for calibration of other trajectograpy sensors along with real time computation of trajectory. Apart from high resolution video analysis and measurement, it uses high performance calibration techniques to achieve the desired accuracy. In this paper we present an efficient methodology for implementation of horizontality calibration of Electro Optical Tracking System pedestal. This paper deals with the simulation of the pedestal mislevel calibration using tilt sensor data. A curve fitting method using least mean square algorithm and Discrete Fourier Transform are used and the results are compared. For both these mislevel and wobble error, a mathematical model is developed assuming the error to be sinusoid harmonics. In the present work, the fundamental harmonic is taken for the mislevel error and second harmonic is considered for wobble error. Simulated data with Gaussian noise are taken for calibration input. The output of both the error has been presented in this paper by considering different Gaussian noise and varied data sample rate","PeriodicalId":344816,"journal":{"name":"2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT)","volume":"438 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122930455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Umang Soni, Cdk Rajak, Biswajit Biswas, A. Shrivastava
{"title":"Development of Remotely Configurable Range Timing Display System","authors":"Umang Soni, Cdk Rajak, Biswajit Biswas, A. Shrivastava","doi":"10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORT52730.2021.9581584","url":null,"abstract":"In a Test Range, network configuration plan is decided on the basis type and trajectory of missile to be tested. This paper presents the development of Range timing display system with the facility of configuring its network credentials remotely from a central location. The paper explains the scheme which consists of client software and management software. Client software is dumped over Raspberry pi board to be placed at remote stations and management software to be placed at single central location for controlling all the time display devices. The comparison of performance of new device with conventional device is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":344816,"journal":{"name":"2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127879295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}