{"title":"Field survey and evaluation method for fouled ballast using transmitted sound characteristics","authors":"Takahisa Nakamura, Takahiro Kageyama","doi":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As railway ballast crushing and refining progress with time, and the content of fine grains increases, the saturation of ballast increases during rainfall. The decrease in drainage and strength increase the likelihood for ballast to settle. Grain-size analysis is necessary to quantitatively evaluate the ballast condition at field spots by sampling the field ballast, and currently, the ballast condition is generally checked visually. Ballast renewal is based on the visual check results and track repair frequency. Therefore, we investigated the ballast conditions for different track repair frequencies in field-ballasted tracks and evaluated the grain-size distribution of the ballast sample. Moreover, we developed an inspection method using sound transmission to quantitatively evaluate ballast conditions. The proposed inspection method leverages the fact that it becomes difficult to transmit sound in the ballast as the ballast progresses to be crushed and refined from a new condition. We performed measurements using a full-scale model to examine the relationship between the fouling condition of the ballast and the sound that is transmitted. Furthermore, we verified the feasibility of evaluating the transmitted sound through field tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34480,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Engineering","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Large-scale activity-based demand generation modeling: A literature review and exploration of potential approaches","authors":"Ngoc An Nguyen, Joerg Schweizer, Federico Rupi","doi":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale, activity-based microscopic transport models provide a powerful framework for analyzing dynamic travel demand and assessing the impact of transportation policies on daily travel behavior. At the core of these models is the generation of travel demand, which necessitates the creation of detailed synthetic populations and daily travel plans associated with personalized activities. These time-dependent travel plans are then integrated into dynamic traffic assignment models to simulate agent-based systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing demand generation models within activity-based frameworks, focusing on various methodologies including constraint-based, utility-based, rule-based, learning-based, and hybrid approaches. A comparative analysis is offered, highlighting their theoretical foundations, data requirements, key outputs, and particularly their applications in large-scale microsimulations. In addition, the paper discusses the possibility of collecting input data for these models, as well as explores innovative approaches capable of modeling daily mobility patterns as sequences of activities linked by trips, offering greater flexibility in capturing dynamic travel behavior. Furthermore,potential research directions are also discussed, including the development of travel models for large-scale scenarios using big data sources and the optimization of their integration with dynamic traffic assignment. These methods hold significant promise for integration into large-scale, microscopic dynamic traffic assignment platforms. This study provides critical insights for researchers and practitioners focused on advancing large-scale microscopic traffic modeling to improve decision-making processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34480,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Engineering","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sachin Janardhanan , Leon Henderson , Mats Jonasson , Bengt Jacobson , Esteban R. Gelso
{"title":"Simulation-based assessment of wheel torque allocation strategies on heavy vehicles with drivetrains on multiple axles","authors":"Sachin Janardhanan , Leon Henderson , Mats Jonasson , Bengt Jacobson , Esteban R. Gelso","doi":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Battery electric heavy vehicles with a drivetrain on each axle and friction brake on each wheel offer significant opportunities to enhance vehicle performance and energy efficiency. This paper presents three actuator coordination algorithms for an all-wheel driven heavy vehicle to influence the wheel torque with the aim of optimising the power efficiency and vehicle stability. Two of these algorithms exploit the principle of instantaneous power loss minimisation by using the power loss models of actuators. The wheel force limits were included as a constraint to ensure safe vehicle operation. These strategies were simulated using a high-fidelity vehicle model, including simplified models for the powertrain and friction brakes. Measures such as the power loss of the actuators, longitudinal tyre slip losses, and energy consumption of the coordination strategies during a realistic drive cycle were analysed. Results show that the power loss minimisation algorithm including idle losses in the decision logic, can reduce the energy consumption by up to 7% compared to a strategy only maximising tyre grip.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34480,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Engineering","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatially heterogeneous impacts of built environment factors on traffic accidents: A multi-year analysis (2015–2021) in Suburban Bangkok, Thailand","authors":"Pawinee Iamtrakul , Sararad Chayphong , Junyi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The built environment serves as a critical determinant of road traffic accidents, alongside various other contributing factors. This study aims to systematically identify and analyze the spatially heterogeneous influences of built environmental factors on road traffic accidents. Using a dataset comprising 3,450 crash records collected between January 2015 and December 2021 in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, this research employs an area-based analysis with a 500 × 500-meter spatial resolution. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and Moran's I are applied to examine localized variations in crash determinants. The findings reveal that road characteristics, particularly traffic-related factors, exert a more pronounced influence on crash occurrences than other environmental variables. Furthermore, the study uncovers spatially divergent associations between built environment attributes and crash rates, emphasizing the variability of risk factors across different areas. This research highlights the key role of spatial statistical methodologies in deciphering localized accident patterns, thereby informing urban planning and design strategies aimed at enhancing travel safety. The demonstrated correlations between road safety and built environment configurations reinforce the necessity of integrating these factors into comprehensive road safety strategies. This integration not only prioritizes life-saving interventions but also contributes to the advancement of sustainable transportation development in urban mobility planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34480,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Engineering","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long Hoang Duong , Son Hoang Do , Hieu Xuan Vo , Minh Quang Pham , Thang Viet Vu , Thong Duc Hong
{"title":"Comparative study of Vibe 2-Zone and Multiple Vibe 2-Zone combustion models on combustion, performance, and emissions of a diesel engine","authors":"Long Hoang Duong , Son Hoang Do , Hieu Xuan Vo , Minh Quang Pham , Thang Viet Vu , Thong Duc Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work evaluates the differences in combustion, performance, and emission characteristics between two combustion models of the Vibe 2-Zone and Multiple Vibe 2-Zone on a single cylinder diesel engine. The AVL Boost software was used to investigate the engine at its 85 % load with differences in the PRs, ignition timings, and combustion durations. The simulation results based on the two combustion models will be analyzed and compared to show their similarities and differences. The findings indicate that there is an insignificant difference between the two models in terms of power, torque, and brake-specific fuel consumption. The highest differences between the two models are 0.75, 2.48, and 2.48 % for power, torque, and brake specific fuel consumption, respectively. For peak cylinder temperature and pressure, the largest difference between the two models is 2.07 % and 15.47 %. The difference in emissions between the two models is quite significant, especially with NOx. The most considerable differences between the two models are 7.52 %, 11.34 %, and 42.67 % for CO, soot, and NOx, respectively. The study highlights that the Vibe 2-Zone combustion model is preferable for engine performance simulations due to its advantages, including reduced input parameter requirements and time efficiency. However, the Multiple Vibe 2-Zone combustion model is recommended for greater accuracy, particularly in emission predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34480,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Engineering","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing motorcycle tire tread patterns to mitigate hydroplaning: Development and validation of a predictive mathematical model","authors":"Weerachai Chaiworapuek , Ravivat Rugsaj , Chakrit Suvanjumrat","doi":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroplaning is a critical hazard for motorcyclists, often resulting in severe injuries or fatalities, particularly on wet road surfaces and at elevated speeds. This study presents advanced methodologies to evaluate hydroplaning force, aiming to mitigate these risks and optimize motorcycle tire tread patterns. A state-of-the-art hydroplaning testing apparatus was developed to precisely measure tire behavior on wet surfaces under controlled conditions. Comprehensive analyses of various tire tread patterns were conducted to identify key parameters influencing tire-to-ground contact. Leveraging these insights, a refined mathematical model was formulated to predict the tire contact area, achieving a minimal error margin of 5.72 %. This model was integrated into a hydroplaning force equation that accounts for velocity, tire inflation pressure, supporting load, and groove area, demonstrating strong predictive accuracy with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.91288 when validated against empirical data. The proposed model provides a robust framework for designing motorcycle tires with enhanced performance and safety on wet road conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34480,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Engineering","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the cumulative settlement of railway embankments constructed with tunnel spoil","authors":"Fumika Tajima , Takahiro Kageyama , Takahisa Nakamura , Kazuki Ito , Hiroyuki Kawanakajima , Akira Sakata","doi":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In railway design, it is important not to allow large settlements on the embankment supporting slab tracks because it is difficult to repair track irregularities of slab tracks. Therefore, although the “<em>Design Standards for Railway Structures (Earth Structures)</em>” in Japan indicates that high-quality tunnel spoil can be applied as railway embankment material, a separate study is required about the cumulative settlement characteristics under cyclic train loading when using materials with large grain sizes. However, few studies have been conducted on the cumulative settlement characteristics when tunnel spoil is applied to embankments for the slab tracks of the Shinkansen. In this study, the cumulative settlement on an embankment built with tunnel spoil under cyclic loading was evaluated experimentally, using a vibrator machine, and through an analytical method. First, the authors constructed a test embankment using tunnel spoil and conducted cyclic loading tests employing a large vibratory machine. Next, the authors verified the validity of the analysis method, which combines the cumulative damage theory approach and two-dimensional analysis using the finite element method, by comparing the cyclic loading test results with the simulation results of the cyclic loading tests. Subsequently, using this analysis method, the amount of plastic settlement of the embankment under actual Shinkansen slab tracks was calculated and confirmed to be within the applicable range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34480,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Engineering","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khalid A. Ghuzlan , Ghazi G. Al-Khateeb , Waleed Zeiada , Alaa Sukkari , Mohammed W. Alani , Helal Ezzat
{"title":"Impact of Sasobit/Bio-oil Combination on The Performance of Asphalt Binders","authors":"Khalid A. Ghuzlan , Ghazi G. Al-Khateeb , Waleed Zeiada , Alaa Sukkari , Mohammed W. Alani , Helal Ezzat","doi":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asphalt pavements are the backbone of the highways. Research has been conducted to enhance the performance of asphalt binders and mixes. Part of the enhancement is utilizing waste bio-oil and warm mix additives. Sasobit, an organic wax, is used as the WMA additive, and date seed oil (DSO) was added to assess the high- and low-temperature performance. Mechanical tests were conducted to investigate the physical properties, while rheological tests were done to assess the viscoelastic performance. Two percent Sasobit was added to the asphalt binder and mixed with 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 % DSO. The results show an increased high-temperature performance at 2 % Sasobit + 0.5 % DSO, with a reduced performance with increased DSO content. Contrary to the performance, the viscosity decreases with the increase in DSO. An increase in DSO is favored at low temperatures to decrease thermal cracking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34480,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Engineering","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aggie Auto Shuttles: Technical Insights from the Public Road Demonstration","authors":"Jose Matute , Sarah Searcy , Ali Karimoddini","doi":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the viability of automated shuttles for urban and suburban transportation through the Aggie Auto Shuttles pilot project conducted by researchers at North Carolina A&T State University in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA. While the long-term goal is high-driving automation operation, this study focuses on conditional driving automation with human drivers ready to take control. The design of the shuttles, including their sensor suite for navigating complex suburban environments, is detailed. This paper discusses the testing procedures conducted in a controlled environment that replicated driving conditions expected in the public road demonstration with passenger service to evaluate core functionalities like mapping, localization, object recognition, and motion planning and tracking. Then, the real-world pilot project is detailed, and the results are analyzed employing objective and subjective measures and approaches, highlighting the challenges and opportunities encountered. By examining findings from both controlled and real-world settings, a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility of deploying automated shuttles as part of an integrated public transportation system is offered, contributing to the discussion on the practicality and limitations of automated shuttles in urban and suburban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34480,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Engineering","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tommaso Vannuccini , Riccardo Bartolozzi , Francesco Bucchi , Francesco Frendo , Marco Gabiccini
{"title":"Assessment of a simple methodology for the identification of inertial parameters of semi-trailers","authors":"Tommaso Vannuccini , Riccardo Bartolozzi , Francesco Bucchi , Francesco Frendo , Marco Gabiccini","doi":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.treng.2025.100315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road transport is the most common means of transporting goods in Europe. Heavy goods vehicles are largely employed for this sake and fully automated vehicles, even for heavy goods, are likely to play a role in the next few years. Within this context, models, and algorithms controlling the automated drive need to identify the mass and other inertia parameters related to the actual vehicle condition, which may vary during a mission (due to the transported goods arrangement).</div><div>In this paper, a simple methodology based on an identification algorithm for the inertial parameters of a semi-trailer is presented, as well as an assessment of its result quality. Two analytical models of a semi-trailer truck were developed: a longitudinal model, allowing to identify the mass and the center of gravity (COG) position of the trailer, and a ride model, allowing to identify the roll and pitch moments of inertia of the trailer. The input data for the identification algorithm were obtained performing dynamic maneuvers on a multibody model; the model was validated in previous activities and provides, in this study, ground-truth (reference) signals. Different sets of inputs were considered, referring to the availability of different sensors on the actual vehicle.</div><div>Based on such inputs, mass and inertia parameters were computed by the identification algorithm and were compared with the actual mass and inertia values. The error on the identification of the mass and the longitudinal position of the COG was always below 2% and the error on the identification of the vertical position of the COG was in the range 2%–10%, depending on the sensor configuration adopted. The error on the roll and pitch moments of inertia was about 25% using the baseline sensor configuration but reduces to 5% if a wider sensor set is used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34480,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Engineering","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}