Manglar Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.013

Ramiro Juan Vega gonzalez, Daniel Castro Salinas, Fredy Marcial Pajuelo Risco, César Eduardo Honorio Javes, Juan Ernesto Hernandez-Valdez

{"title":"Subproductos de cacao (Theobroma cacao) en la alimentación animal: ¿Una alternativa viable y sostenible?","authors":"Ramiro Juan Vega gonzalez, Daniel Castro Salinas, Fredy Marcial Pajuelo Risco, César Eduardo Honorio Javes, Juan Ernesto Hernandez-Valdez","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.013","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that seven hundred billion tons of cocoa beans are processed worldwide per year, in contrast to its production process, only the seeds are used, which represents 20-23% of the fruit, the other proportion of the fruit such as the cob or husk, placenta, husk and mucilage juice are the main byproducts and are lost as waste. Due to its availability and high nutritional value, it is being used in new areas of application. Therefore, this review focuses on updating knowledge about the use of cocoa by-products in animal production, new approaches to its viability and sustainability. In this context, the byproducts are used in feeding monogastric and polygastric animals, reporting favorable results and greater profitability, representing a viable and valuable alternative for animal feed. It has been proven that these byproducts are composed of various bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical, industrial and food interest, which are already giving them new uses and applications. It is anticipated that cocoa by-products will be widely adopted for other purposes. Consequently, it is expected that soon its availability for animal feed will decrease and its prices will increase.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"232 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Caza y comercio de carne de origen silvestre: Estudio de caso en tres comunidades nativas amazónicas de Ucayali, Perú 狩猎和丛林肉类贸易：秘鲁乌卡亚利三个亚马逊土著社区的案例研究

Manglar Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.007

Diego Shoobridge, Z. Cruz-Burga, Waldemar Mercado, Ademar Romeiro, Raymundo Mogollon, Jaime Porras Cerrón, Thomas Valqui

{"title":"Caza y comercio de carne de origen silvestre: Estudio de caso en tres comunidades nativas amazónicas de Ucayali, Perú","authors":"Diego Shoobridge, Z. Cruz-Burga, Waldemar Mercado, Ademar Romeiro, Raymundo Mogollon, Jaime Porras Cerrón, Thomas Valqui","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.007","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about how bushmeat markets operate in the Peruvian Amazon and the influence they have on levels of extraction for food and commercial purposes. The research analyzes how the price of wildmeat is related to the intensity of hunting in native communities near the city of Pucallpa. The study confirms that the extraction, trade and use of bushmeat in these native communities are related to the trade of the resource in the city. The amount of meat shared, meat sold, and the average price influence the total amount of meat hunted. If prices vary, the quantities of meat hunted for sale also vary. It is recommended to promote local self-regulation, through which the communities organize themselves to guarantee the permanence of healthy populations of wildlife and benefit without harming the ecosystem. It is suggested to promote the legal sale of bushmeat in formal markets of Pucallpa for managed species so that it can be subject to greater control, allowing prices to achieve a sustainable level of equilibrium in the extraction and sale of bushmeat.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

¿Cuál es el rol de los fitobióticos en la producción animal?: Beneficios, biodisponibilidad, desafíos actuales y futuros 植物生物素在动物生产中的作用：益处、生物利用率、当前和未来的挑战？

Manglar Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.012

Fredy Marcial Pajuelo Risco, Daniel Castro Salinas, César Eduardo Honorio Javes, Juan Hernández Valdez, Ramiro Juan Vega gonzalez

{"title":"¿Cuál es el rol de los fitobióticos en la producción animal?: Beneficios, biodisponibilidad, desafíos actuales y futuros","authors":"Fredy Marcial Pajuelo Risco, Daniel Castro Salinas, César Eduardo Honorio Javes, Juan Hernández Valdez, Ramiro Juan Vega gonzalez","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"More and more countries are incorporating new safety, health and food safety regulations, responding to the growing concern about the use of antibiotic growth promoters (APC) in animal production, the scientific community has been forced to seek new alternatives that reduce or replace the use of (APC), with the ability to safeguard public health. Within these alternatives, phytobiotics are considered a very promising option, since they are natural substances made up of complex bioactive compounds. This document reviews the different applications and functionality of phytobiotics in animal production. Firstly, the main effects and mechanism of action are shown, highlighting and explaining their functionality as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, growth promoters, improvers of the organoleptic characteristics of foods and reduces the generation of gases that cause the greenhouse effect. Second, notable applications of phytobiotics to different species of zootechnical interest and their effect are reviewed. Finally, their bioavailability and the current and future challenges of phytobiotics are investigated.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"96 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efecto de la biofertilización en la biomasa de alfalfa y engorde de cuyes 生物施肥对紫花苜蓿生物量和豚鼠育肥的影响

Manglar Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.004

Clinton Alex Ventura Espinoza, Antonio Cornejo y Maldonado, Paul Simion Palacin - Guerra, Fleli Ricardo Jara Claudio

{"title":"Efecto de la biofertilización en la biomasa de alfalfa y engorde de cuyes","authors":"Clinton Alex Ventura Espinoza, Antonio Cornejo y Maldonado, Paul Simion Palacin - Guerra, Fleli Ricardo Jara Claudio","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.004","url":null,"abstract":"In the peruvian highlands, the production of alfalfa and the fattening of guinea pigs face issues that impact the breeders' economy. A study in the hamlet of Coñaica (Panao, Pachitea, Huánuco) was conducted to assess the impact of biofertilization on alfalfa biomass and guinea pig fattening. Two experimental designs were implemented: the RCBD to measure alfalfa biomass and a CRD to study the fattening of weaned guinea pigs (both males and females). The three evaluated treatments included the application of Effective Microorganisms (EM) to the foliage (T1), EM to the soil (T2), and a control group without EM, with a dosage of 10% every 15 days. Biofertilized alfalfa was used as feed for male and female guinea pigs for a period of nine weeks. It was distinguished that the EM treatment to the foliage significantly increased the biomass of alfalfa and favorably affected the fattening of guinea pigs, although a significant improvement in the feed conversion rate was only observed in male guinea pigs. These findings suggest that foliar EM applications with a dosage of 10% every 15 days promote higher alfalfa productivity and enhance the guinea pig fattening process.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Control in vitro e in vivo de Thielaviopsis paradoxa y Colletotrichum musae con biofungicidas en frutos de banano orgánico 用生物杀真菌剂对有机香蕉果实上的 Thielaviopsis paradoxa 和 Colletotrichum musae 进行体外和体内控制

Manglar Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.006

René Aguilar Anccota, Silverio Apaza Apaza, Edgar Abraham MALDONADO DUQUE, Yuri Holsin Calle Cheje, Robert Richard Rafael Rutte, Kenny Ruben Montalvo Morales, Mercedes Milagros More Yarleque, Ricardo Chávez C., Pierina Lizet Chuquicusma Culquicondor, Davies Arturo Morales Pizarro

{"title":"Control in vitro e in vivo de Thielaviopsis paradoxa y Colletotrichum musae con biofungicidas en frutos de banano orgánico","authors":"René Aguilar Anccota, Silverio Apaza Apaza, Edgar Abraham MALDONADO DUQUE, Yuri Holsin Calle Cheje, Robert Richard Rafael Rutte, Kenny Ruben Montalvo Morales, Mercedes Milagros More Yarleque, Ricardo Chávez C., Pierina Lizet Chuquicusma Culquicondor, Davies Arturo Morales Pizarro","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.006","url":null,"abstract":"Piura is the region with the largest organic banana production in Peru; however, the post-harvest disease crown rot has generated large economic losses. Therefore, the following objectives were raised: to evaluate the efficacy of biofungicides in vitro and in vivo for the control of this disease. The products used were: oregano extract, citric acid; ascorbic acid, bioflavonoids; biofertilizer and tea tree oil. In vitro, the \"poisoned medium\" method was used. In vivo, fruits were inoculated with conidial suspensions at 1 x 104 CFU ml-1 of the phytopathogens Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Colletotrichum musae. The biofungicides were prepared according to the commercial dose. The products were applied, and the fungi were inoculated with manual sprayers. The banana clusters with treatment were placed in 18,4 kg cardboard boxes and packed, incubating at 13 °C for 18 days and 4 days in a maturation chamber with ethylene gas. In vitro, the biofungicides: oregano extract (1450 ppm) and citric acid (2825 ppm) obtained 100% inhibition in the growth of the mycelium of T. paradoxa and C. musae. In fruits, the lowest severity index was for the citrus extract biofungicide (4275 ppm), registering 0,0% against T. paradoxa and C. musae.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"99 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional value and chemical composition of quinoa leaves (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) at different phenological stages 不同物候期藜麦叶（Chenopodium quinoa Wild.）的营养价值和化学成分

Manglar Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2023.044

Edwin O. Baldeón Chamorro, Augusto Sanchez Pizarro, Ritva Repo Carrasco-Valencia, J. Barat, Raúl Grau Meló, Attilio Israel Cadenillas-Martínez, Raúl Comettant‐Rabanal

{"title":"Nutritional value and chemical composition of quinoa leaves (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) at different phenological stages","authors":"Edwin O. Baldeón Chamorro, Augusto Sanchez Pizarro, Ritva Repo Carrasco-Valencia, J. Barat, Raúl Grau Meló, Attilio Israel Cadenillas-Martínez, Raúl Comettant‐Rabanal","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2023.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2023.044","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the phenological profile and nutritional characteristics of the leaves of four different quinoa varieties. The researchers analyzed the chemical composition, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant capacity (AC) of quinoa leaves at various stages of growth. Two varieties, Blanca Junín and Blanca Criolla, displayed similar phenological profiles, while Pasankalla and Salcedo had earlier flowering stages. The study found that the early stages of quinoa leaves contained higher levels of protein, moisture, ash, magnesium, TPC, and AC. In contrast, the late stages had higher amounts of carbohydrates, calcium, and crude fiber. The third phenological stage showed the highest protein content, with Pasankalla and Blanca Junín having 36.00 g/100g and 42.44 g/100g, respectively. Salcedo reached this protein content at the second phenological stage, with 38.25 g/100g. Quinoa leaves were also found to be rich in potassium, magnesium, and calcium, with Blanca Junín and Pasankalla having the highest calcium levels in the sixth phenological stage. The second phenological stage consistently yielded the highest levels of TPC and AC in all quinoa varieties. Overall, this study highlights the nutritional value of quinoa leaves and suggests that they could be a promising plant-based protein ingredient.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"28 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beef marbling measurement using spectral imaging: A multiple linear regression approach 利用光谱成像测量牛肉大理石纹：多元线性回归方法

Manglar Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2023.038

Victor Aredo, Lía Ethel Velásquez Castillo, Nikol Siche

引用次数: 0

La chicharra machaca Fulgora ceariensis (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) en Tumbes, Perú 秘鲁通贝斯的鲭蝉 Fulgora ceariensis（半翅目：Fulgoridae

Manglar Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2023.048

Pedro Saul Castillo Carrillo, Patricia RUZ CORDOVA

引用次数: 0

Manglar Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2023.047

Javier Armando Azabache Requena

{"title":"Similaridad de 11 especies pertenecientes a las familias Falconidae y Strigidae a partir de sus vocalizaciones","authors":"Javier Armando Azabache Requena","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2023.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2023.047","url":null,"abstract":"Knowing biological aspects of the families Falconidae and Strigidae as vocalization is relevant, since we could use this aspect as a basis to group species and evaluate their similarity. In this sense, the vocalizations of 11 species belonging to the Falconidae and Strigidae families were characterized, through the download of 53 audios per species from the Xeno Canto public access database. The variables considered in this study were: frequency, amplitude, duration, number of frequency peaks, crest factor, mean amplitude envelope and index of acoustic complexity. Once the vocalizations were characterized, the species similarity was evaluated, using hierarchical grouping (connectivity index = 9.415, Dunn index = 0.819). Keeping similarity from the characteristics of their vocalizations Falco peregrinus and F. columbarius, F. rufigularis and F. femoralis; while F. sparverius had more similarity with the first 2 species. All these species differ from the species of the family Strigidae having here Glaucidium brasilianum, G. jardini and G. peruanum more similarity; Likewise, Glaucidium hardyi and Aegolius harrisii have more concordance between them and finally Megascops roboratus presents similarity with all species of the genus Glaucidium (agglomeration coefficient = 0.67).","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"362 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efecto del ácido indolbutírico en la propagación de Hylocereus undatus “pitahaya” bajo condiciones de invernadero 吲哚丁酸对在温室条件下繁殖 Hylocereus undatus 'pitahaya' 的影响

Manglar Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2023.039

S. E. López Medina, José Mostacero-León, C. A. Vásquez-Boyer, A. E. Gil Rivero, Anthony J. De La Cruz-Castillo, Luigi Villena-Zapata, Roly Anderson RAFAEL AMAYA, Anthony Joel Gonzáles Pacheco

{"title":"Efecto del ácido indolbutírico en la propagación de Hylocereus undatus “pitahaya” bajo condiciones de invernadero","authors":"S. E. López Medina, José Mostacero-León, C. A. Vásquez-Boyer, A. E. Gil Rivero, Anthony J. De La Cruz-Castillo, Luigi Villena-Zapata, Roly Anderson RAFAEL AMAYA, Anthony Joel Gonzáles Pacheco","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2023.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2023.039","url":null,"abstract":"Hylocereus undatus \"pitahaya\", is a tropical species of cactus that has been established throughout Latin America. Its fruit is considered a potential nutraceutical food because it provides numerous beneficial antioxidant and probiotic properties for health. Reason for which its cultivation has increased both for the national and international market, one of the main limitations being the rapid propagation and establishment of the cuttings. Given this, it was proposed as a research objective to determine the effect of indole butyric acid on the propagation of Hylocereus undatus \"pitahaya\", as a promoter of root growth. In the greenhouse, stems of mother plants were used, which were subjected to different doses of IBA (0, 5000, 10000 mg/L). A completely randomized design was used, evaluating the longest root length, number of primary roots, root mass weight, root dry weight, stem weight and stem length. The data were analyzed using the software R version 4.1.2, showing the not existence of significant differences between the treatments. It is concluded that treatment 1, constituted by 0 mg/L of IBA, is the best, since a better response was evidenced in relation to the greater root length, number of primary roots and root mass weight, in the same way. for weight and stem length of H. undatus \"pitahaya\". Therefore, for its propagation the use of indole butyric acid is not essential.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"30 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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