{"title":"Ionic resistance measurements of battery separators","authors":"T. Danko, A. Sybeldon","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.1997.574085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.1997.574085","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of a secondary battery is affected by the ionic resistance of the separator used to separate the anode from the cathode. If the ionic resistance is too high, the power output from the battery is diminished because the flow of ions is hindered. This paper examines issues that affect the ionic resistance of regenerated cellulose membranes. In particular, changes in the pore size, or molecular weight cut off, of the membranes are correlated with ionic resistance to show that changes in molecular weight cut off do affect ionic resistance.","PeriodicalId":344507,"journal":{"name":"The Twelfth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128987281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Short circuit testing of a nickel-hydrogen cell for compliance with range safety requirements","authors":"W.A. Tracinski, A. Applewhite","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.1997.574078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.1997.574078","url":null,"abstract":"Short circuit testing was performed on a single stack, independent pressure vessel (IPV) aerospace nickel-hydrogen cell with axial terminals for compliance with range safety requirements. The cell contained two brazed ceramic seals, was 3 1/2 inches in diameter, and had a nameplate rating of 85.5 Ah. The majority of the energy was released in the first ten minutes with peak terminal temperature reaching 192 degrees Celsius. No breaching of the cell was evident and the cell returned to normal open circuit voltage within fifteen minutes of the load being removed.","PeriodicalId":344507,"journal":{"name":"The Twelfth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114429037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TMF ultra-high rate discharge performance","authors":"S. Nelson","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.1997.574094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.1997.574094","url":null,"abstract":"BOLDER Technologies Corporation has developed a valve-regulated lead-acid product line termed Thin Metal Film (TMF/sup TM/) technology. It is characterized by extremely thin plates and close plate spacing that facilitate high rates of charge and discharge with minimal temperature increases, at levels unachievable with other commercially-available battery technologies. This ultra-high rate performance makes TMF technology ideal for such applications as various types of engine start, high drain rate portable devices and high-current pulsing. Data are presented on very high current continuous and pulse discharges. Power and energy relationships at various discharge rates are explored and the fast-response characteristics of the BOLDER/sup R/ cell are qualitatively defined. Short-duration recharge experiments will show that devices powered by BOLDER batteries can be in operation for more than 90% of an extended usage period with multiple fast recharges.","PeriodicalId":344507,"journal":{"name":"The Twelfth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124700295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of sintered fiber nickel electrodes for aerospace batteries","authors":"J. Francisco, D. Chiappetti, J. Brill","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.1997.574119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.1997.574119","url":null,"abstract":"The nickel electrode is the specific energy limiting component in nickel battery systems. A concerted effort is underway to improve NiH/sub 2/ performance while decreasing system cost. Increased performance with electrode specific energy (mAh/g) is the major goal of this effort. However, cost reduction is also an important part of the overall program, achieved by reducing the electrode weight. A lightweight, high energy density nickel electrode is being developed based on a highly porous, sintered fiber, nickel substrate. This developing technology has many applications, but is highly applicable to the military and aerospace industries.","PeriodicalId":344507,"journal":{"name":"The Twelfth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125107706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The recyclability of lead alloys","authors":"A. Worcester, M. J. Sankovitch","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.1997.574082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.1997.574082","url":null,"abstract":"In 1996, the production of battery lead and alloys from the recycle industry was 3 times the primary lead production in the United States. The Buick Resource Recovery Center of the Doe Run Lead Company at a capacity of 90000 tons per year is one of 25 plants recycling lead metal in the United States. This plant was commissioned in 1991 and has been running with a 0.30 Lost Time Accident rate per 2,000,000 hours of work. The paper delineates and ranks the cost of treating various impurities found in lead.","PeriodicalId":344507,"journal":{"name":"The Twelfth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115838094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent new additives for electric vehicle lead-acid batteries for extending the cycle life and capacity","authors":"A. Kozawa, K. Fujita, A. Sato, D. Brodd","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.1997.574117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.1997.574117","url":null,"abstract":"An electrochemically prepared colloidal graphite was found to be an excellent additive for lead-acid batteries. The new additive extends the capacity and cycle life of new and old batteries and can regenerate old, almost dead, batteries. The colloidal graphite is stable in aqueous solution and the extremely fine particles are adsorbed mainly on the positive electrode. This additive has been given the name, /spl alpha/-Pholon. The amount required is very small: only 6% to 10% of volume of the /spl alpha/-Pholon solution (about 2% colloidal graphite in water solution). The beneficial effect of the new additive was demonstrated with motorcycle batteries and forklift batteries.","PeriodicalId":344507,"journal":{"name":"The Twelfth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122125125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design considerations for lithium-ion cells. II. Safety and abuse testing","authors":"M.W. Juzkow, S. Mayer","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.1997.574101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.1997.574101","url":null,"abstract":"The development of lithium-ion battery systems, a relatively new technology in comparison to conventional rechargeable battery systems, has encompassed an extensive number of design considerations. These considerations are based primarily on safety, performance and cost. In this section of the paper, the authors focus on safety and abuse testing of lithium-ion cells.","PeriodicalId":344507,"journal":{"name":"The Twelfth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126591440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A low pressure bipolar nickel-hydrogen battery","authors":"M. Golben, K. Nechev, D. DaCosta, M. Rosso","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.1997.574122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.1997.574122","url":null,"abstract":"Ergenics is developing a low pressure high power rechargeable battery for electric vehicles and other large battery applications. The Hy-Stor/sup TM/ battery couples a bipolar nickel-hydrogen electrochemical system with the high energy storage density of metal hydride technology. In addition to its long cycle life, high specific power, and energy density, this battery offers safety and economic advantages over other rechargeable batteries. Results from preliminary testing of the first Hy-Stor/sup TM/ battery are presented.","PeriodicalId":344507,"journal":{"name":"The Twelfth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129455678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cycle life testing of a 24-V, 15-Ah sealed lead-acid aircraft battery","authors":"D.G. Vutetkis, V.V. Vaiswanathan","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.1997.574067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.1997.574067","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of cycle life testing of 24-V, 15-Ah sealed lead-acid batteries intended for use in the B-1B aircraft. Test samples were procured from two different manufacturers and subjected to cycle testing at 33% and 100% depth-of-discharge (DOD). The cycle life at 33% DOD ranged from 500 to 750 cycles. The cycle life at 100% DOD ranged from 160 to 260 cycles.","PeriodicalId":344507,"journal":{"name":"The Twelfth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130240464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cell balancing considerations for lithium-ion battery systems","authors":"W. Bentley","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.1997.574107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.1997.574107","url":null,"abstract":"Charge algorithms for Li-ion batteries require that charging current stop once a maximum voltage threshold is reached. Each battery in a Li-ion pack must be individually monitored for this condition, so charging of the entire pack ceases as soon as one cell reaches this voltage limitation. Cell balancing algorithms seek to remove charge from the offending cell to equalize voltage and enable additional charging of the pack. This paper considers the technical merits of this approach and the issues associated with its implementation.","PeriodicalId":344507,"journal":{"name":"The Twelfth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129563607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}