Journal of Migration and Health最新文献

{"title":"Oral health literacy and oral health status of a german adult population with migration background – findings from the MuMi Study","authors":"Berit Lieske ,&nbsp;Christopher Kofahl ,&nbsp;Katrin Borof ,&nbsp;Kristin Spinler ,&nbsp;Anna Poth ,&nbsp;Demet Dingoyan ,&nbsp;Thomas Beikler ,&nbsp;Guido Heydecke ,&nbsp;Ghazal Aarabi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>People with migration background in Germany demonstrate poorer oral health and different oral health behaviors compared to people without migration background. One crucial factor for achieving and maintaining good oral health is a person's oral health literacy. This article presents results on oral health and oral health literacy from the baseline data of the cluster-randomized controlled MuMi study (Promotion of oral health literacy and oral health of persons with migration background).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Comparative cross-sectional data on oral health and oral health literacy of patients with and without migration background were examined in 40 dental practices in Hamburg, Germany. Oral examination included a full dental status, the degree of caries restoration, and the approximal plaque index (API). To assess oral health literacy, the Oral Health Literacy Profile (OHLP) was used. Associations between migration status and oral health or oral health literacy were analyzed with linear mixed regression, adjusted for age, sex, education level. The relationship between oral health literacy and oral health was calculated using logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants with and without migration background differed significantly in oral health literacy and clinical parameters of oral health. The former showed significantly lower oral health literacy (lower OHLP-Scores) and poorer oral health (higher API values as well as a more problem-oriented dental service use). Furthermore, the degree of caries restoration is significantly lower among participants with migration background than those without. Lastly, the logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between better oral health literacy and lower API values.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Migration background appears to be a risk factor in its own right, as the differences in oral health literacy and oral health status remain even after statistically controlling for several confounders. In order to better reflect the diversity within the population with migration background, information on potential access barriers and migration-related factors must be included in further analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Oral health literacy has been found to be a strong predictor for an individual's oral health outcome. Improving the oral health literacy of patients may help in the efforts to improve oral health behaviors and the overall treatment outcomes. Thus, future research should focus on tailored preventive measures for improving oral health literacy, thereby helping to strengthen equal opportunities in oral health in Germany.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health in Transit: A case study on the migratory trajectories of Haitian populations in Chile and Mexico","authors":"Loreto Watkins ,&nbsp;Francesca McLaren ,&nbsp;Lindsey Carte ,&nbsp;Carla Olivari ,&nbsp;Kenya Lazos ,&nbsp;Teresita Rocha-Jiménez","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current migration journeys often involve crossing several borders, exposing migrants to numerous difficulties and dangers. This article qualitatively describes the migrant trajectories of twenty-five Haitian migrants who intended to travel from Chile to Mexico in an attempt to cross into the United States, delving into the dynamic physical and mental health outcomes at different phases of their journey. Our findings reveal that Haitian participants began their journeys in a context of instability, violence, insecurity, and precariousness from their country of origin, and factors such as stress, sadness, feelings of disappointment, and unfulfilled expectations followed them into their receiving societies. Participants in transit encountered severe health issues, including starvation, sickness, fatigue, exposure to contaminated water, violence, and sexual abuse—all without access to healthcare or medical assistance. Despite these adversities, migrants demonstrated a remarkable ability in surviving the hardships of their journey. The challenging physical and mental health situation faced by Haitian migrants on the move underscores the limitations of current health systems in effectively responding to this reality, and it should be recognized as a critical public health issue. This article focuses on the health challenges faced by Haitian migrants, who currently depend on the support of their community to ensure their well-being and emphasizes the need for policies that recognize the fluidity of migrant trajectories and foster collaboration to address health disparities throughout the migration journey.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emptying villages, overflowing glasses: Out-migration and drinking patterns in Rural China","authors":"Yaxin LAN ,&nbsp;Lei JIN","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rural-urban migration is a significant phenomenon in China, resulting in family separation and the emergence of left-behind populations in rural communities. Previous research suggests that migration can influence health behaviors through various pathways. However, limited empirical studies have examined the effects of migration on the drinking behavior of adults left behind. Moreover, the impact of migration at the household and community levels remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzes the relationship between migration and drinking behavior in rural China with data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS 1997–2015) (N = 20,264). Multilevel mixed-effects models are employed to test how household and community levels migration status affects rural residents' weekly alcohol intake.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Weekly alcohol intake would increase by 7.51 g (SE = 2.976, <em>p</em> = 0.012) for men and 0.98 g (SE = 0.419, <em>p</em> = 0.019) for women in families whose members have moved out, while the influence of household migration was no longer significant after controlling for community-level effects. One percentage change in community migration rates would increase men's alcohol intake by 0.6319 g (SE = 26.494, <em>p</em> = 0.017) and women's by 0.0823 g (SE = 2.394, <em>p</em> = 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study emphasizes the importance of considering migration at different levels of analysis. The findings indicate that out-migration is associated with increased alcohol consumption among left-behind adults in rural China. Intervention policies should also consider the unique neighborhood relations in rural China, potentially leveraging social ties within rural communities to spread health awareness and reduce alcohol consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emigration and tobacco smoking among those staying behind","authors":"Artjoms Ivlevs ,&nbsp;Roswitha M. King","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High or growing rates of smoking tobacco and high rates of emigration are salient features of many low- and middle-income countries, yet the links between migration and smoking remain underexplored. We study the effects of household member emigration on the likelihood of smoking among those staying behind in the countries of former Yugoslavia. Using instrumental variable analysis, we find that the emigration of household members reduces the likelihood of smoking, especially among women and older respondents. These findings support the ‘social remittances’ hypothesis that migration contributes to the transfer of smoking-related norms from destination to source countries. Migration may thus contribute to socioeconomic development of source countries by reducing one of the world's biggest health epidemics: smoking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving nutrition for migrant children in Europe through policy: A scoping review","authors":"Rebecca Lawes,&nbsp;Professor Debbi Marais,&nbsp;Professor Mariza Louw,&nbsp;Ms Beatrice Bennett","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nutrition research concerning migrant populations is abundant, with a surplus of prevalence data related to diverse aspects of malnutrition. However, there is a lack of studies on European country interventions. This gap is more pronounced when examining interventions specific to children. The challenges are clear, but the policy impetus for solving them is not. Examining European interventions on nutrition in refugee and asylum-seeking (RAS) children and families allows for an assessment of the unmet needs in the United Kingdom regarding migration, nutrition, child support, and food security.</div><div>This scoping review followed the guidelines in the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, and 20 documents which covered a mixture of policy interventions were eligible. Meaningful comparisons can be made by assessing the interventions made in migrant nutrition from various European countries with varying political approaches to immigration. This creates a fuller picture of the policy landscape for paediatric migrant nutrition, and in due course, policy decisions can be taken.</div><div>This scoping review found a lack of diversity in RAS nutrition policies across Europe and a lack of transparency in those in place, likely rooted in the challenging political landscape of increasing RAS populations in Europe. Improving nutrition interventions requires separating food and health from politics. No interventions focusing on the double burden of malnutrition were found. However, policies addressing the double burden in RAS children should be considered as they may be more politically palatable and financially beneficial to implement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of paternal emigration on children ‘left-behind’—A cohort analysis","authors":"Natalia Norori ,&nbsp;Lucy Barrass ,&nbsp;Maria Theresa Redaniel ,&nbsp;Nanette R. Lee ,&nbsp;Laura D. Howe ,&nbsp;Duleeka Knipe","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous work has shown that children ‘left-behind’ as a consequence of parental migration experience worse outcomes, although the majority of this evidence focuses on short- rather than long-term effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey cohort (n = 1651), we assessed the association of paternal emigration (identified based on evidence of remittances sent back by mother's spouse) during childhood with the mental health and educational attainment at age 18 of Filipino children, adjusted for sex, socioeconomic position and paternal education. We explored whether timing of emigration, and household composition modified associations observed.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Children who had migrant fathers were found to be 1.24 times more likely to have high educational attainment at age 18 than children who did not have migrant fathers, although the association was imprecise (95 % confidence intervals: 0.83-1.85). We found no statistical evidence of a difference between children who experienced paternal migration compared to those who did not in terms of depressive symptoms or suicidal ideation at age 18. There was evidence that experiencing paternal migration in older childhood (≥10 years) was associated with better mental health. We found evidence that household composition modified associations for depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This study does not suggest a detrimental long-term impact of paternal emigration on children ‘left-behind, either for educational attainment or mental health. This may reflect beneficial effects of paternal migration and/or pre-existing socioeconomic and health differences amongst families who do and do not experience paternal migration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of institutional delivery service utilization among internally displaced vulnerable populations in Benadir region, Somalia: A community based cross-sectional study","authors":"Hassan Abdullahi Dahie,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdullahi Osman,&nbsp;Yusuf Ali Jimale,&nbsp;Falis Ibrahim Mohamud,&nbsp;Hamdi Ahmed Hussein,&nbsp;Mohamed Osman Alasow,&nbsp;Abukar Abdi Osman,&nbsp;Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi,&nbsp;Mohamed Maalin Dakane,&nbsp;Dek Abdi Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Every day, nearly 830 women succumb to preventable pregnancy and childbirth-related complications, with 99 % of maternal deaths occurring in developing nations. Maternal mortality is disproportionately higher among women in rural areas and impoverished communities, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where approximately 85 % of cases are concentrated. In Somalia, a country grappling with prolonged conflicts and a healthcare system in disarray, maternal mortality remains alarmingly high at 692 per 100,000 live births. Delivery institutions in the IDP camps are mainly operated by humanitarian agencies and offer their services free of charge. We aim to investigate the prevalence of institutional delivery and factors associated with it among internally displaced mothers in Benadir region.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Community-based survey was conducted in ten Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps in the Benadir region of Somalia from September to October 2023. Questionnaires were administered to 410 women who had given birth in the last 6 months. Subsequent to data collection, a logistic regression analysis was performed to reveal associations between covariates of interest and the outcome variable.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study observed a 25 % prevalence of institutional delivery, with key associations identified. Women who were married during the data collection period had more than twice the odds of opting for healthcare facility deliveries (AOR 2.283, CI: 1.272–4.097), while employed women demonstrated nearly double the odds (AOR 1.916, CI: 1.109–3.312). Those who experienced their first pregnancy before the age of 20 had 1.7 times higher odds of delivering at a health facility (AOR 1.741, CI: 1.088–2.785). ANC attendees displayed over thirteen times the odds of choosing health facilities for delivery (AOR 13.299, CI: 6.752–26.196), and women knowledgeable about danger signs exhibited four times higher odds (AOR: 4.483, CI: 2.381–8.438). On the other hand, home deliveries are driven by various factors such as financial constraints, distant facility locations, urgent labor situations, lack of transportation, facility closures, a preference for the comfort of home, and fear of surgical procedures at health facilities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion &amp; recommendation</h3><div>The study highlights a troublingly low prevalence of institutional delivery compared with the national target, underscoring challenges in promoting healthcare facility utilization for childbirth. To improve rates, interventions should address socio-economic factors, emphasize healthcare benefits, and enhance community awareness of danger signs and antenatal care importance. Tackling access barriers, including financial constraints and facility distance, is pivotal in reducing the preference for home deliveries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating healthcare pathways: Cascade of prevention and care for chronic viral hepatitis in asylum seekers and refugees. A multicenter analysis in Northern Italy","authors":"Beatrice Formenti ,&nbsp;Roberto Benoni ,&nbsp;Jacopo Testa ,&nbsp;Giulia Bertoli ,&nbsp;Giacomo Stroffolini ,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Pizzi ,&nbsp;Barbara Menzaghi ,&nbsp;Niccolò Ronzoni ,&nbsp;Paola Magro ,&nbsp;Issa El Hamad ,&nbsp;Carla Scolari ,&nbsp;Angiola Spinetti ,&nbsp;Serena Zaltron ,&nbsp;Francesco Castelli ,&nbsp;Valentina Marchese ,&nbsp;Alberto Matteelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of mortality and a global public health challenge that, until recently, has been largely neglected as a health priority. This study describes the prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in asylum seekers and refugees who participated in screening across three cities in Northern Italy. The analysis highlights significant pitfalls in linkage and retention in care, as well as factors associated with continuing or discontinuing the healthcare pathways, controlling for WHO Region of origin, gender, age and study site. Hospital records provided demographic and clinical data. Screening for HBV, HCV, and HIV was conducted, followed by clinical management and vaccination where appropriate. Multinomial logistic regression identified distinct care pathways. Of 1,514 participants, 80.2 % underwent screening, with 87.3 % testing negative for all infections. For those with chronic infections, 20.8 % missed their first infectious disease consultation, and only 39.3 % were retained in care after one year. Among the 591 individuals (55.8 % of the total) eligible for HBV vaccination, 10.0 % (59 out of 591) actually received the vaccine. Seven distinct care pathways were identified, where significant differences were observed based on the region of origin and the specific study site, highlighting the impact of local healthcare infrastructure and support systems. This study highlights the critical need for innovative, intersectoral and community-based approaches that are responsive to migrants' needs and perspectives. Key recommendations include enhancing linkage to care, improving followup strategies, and establishing a robust national and European network to ensure continuity of care and to integrate public health efforts across the entire care pathway and deliver fair and equitable healthcare..</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risk of adverse maternal pregnancy outcomes among undocumented migrants in Norway","authors":"Ragnhild Misje ,&nbsp;Frode Eick ,&nbsp;Odd Martin Vallersnes ,&nbsp;Heidi E. Fjeld ,&nbsp;Ingvil K. Sørbye ,&nbsp;Cecilie Dahl","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Migrants are known to have an increased risk for adverse complications during delivery. However, it is not known whether undocumented migrants have a different risk profile compared to documented migrants and non-migrants. Better knowledge about undocumented migrants’ reproductive outcomes is crucial to enable targeted preventive interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We performed a historical register-based population study based on numbers from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) from 1999 to 2020. Women aged 18–49 years with singleton births were included, in total 1,247,537 births. Legal status, i.e., undocumented migrants (without a Norwegian identity number), documented migrants (with a Norwegian identity number and born abroad) and non-migrants (with a Norwegian identity number and born in Norway), was used as the exposure. We used logistic regression to estimate the association between legal status and adverse maternal birth outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total 5856 undocumented migrant women gave birth during the study period, representing 0.5 % of all births in Norway. Undocumented migrants had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.39 (95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 1.28–1.50) for an acute CS and OR=0.86 (95 % CI 0.76–0.98) for a planned CS, both compared to non-migrants. Similarly, the OR for severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) was =1.22 (95 % CI 1.03–1.43) and OR=0.69 (95 % CI=0.56–0.85) for anal sphincter injury. None of the results were significantly different when documented migrants were used as the reference group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Undocumented migrants have an increased risk of adverse maternal birth complications compared to non-migrants, but not different from documented migrants. This indicates that for maternal birth complications, factors concerning migration may affect the risk profile to a larger degree than legal status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among Italian and immigrant residents: A longitudinal population-based study","authors":"Martina Ventura ,&nbsp;Alessio Petrelli ,&nbsp;Anteo Di Napoli ,&nbsp;Sara Leone ,&nbsp;Enrico Grande ,&nbsp;Marilena Pappagallo ,&nbsp;Luisa Frova","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A socioeconomic mortality gradient, favourable to the most advantaged social groups, has been documented in high migratory pressure (HMPCs) and highly developed countries, including Italy. However, little is known about how this association differs between natives and immigrants. This study aimed to evaluate the association between education level, occupational class and mortality among Italian and immigrant residents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a longitudinal design, the 2011 Italian Census population was followed up to 2019. All-cause mortality was retrieved by record linkage with the Causes of Death register. The association between education/occupational class and mortality was evaluated in subjects aged 30–64, separately by sex, citizenship/macro area of origin. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) and 95 % confidence intervals were estimated using negative binomial regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 23,572,516 subjects analysed, 7 % were immigrants from HMPCs; of the 410,746 deaths, 3 % were from HMPCs. Among Italians, a mortality gradient by education was observed (low/high adjMRR: 2.37 [2.16–2.60] males; 1.79 [1.64–1.96] females), whereas a weaker association with no trend was found for HMPC immigrants (adjMRR: 1.12 [1.00–1.25] males; 1.12 [1.00–1.26] females). Regarding occupational class, for immigrants from HMPCs, a higher mortality was observed in male “farmers” and “inactives” compared to “non-manual workers” (adjMRR = 1.31 [1.06–1.61] and adjMRR = 1.67 [1.50–1.85], respectively); and in females for “inactive” subjects (adjMRR = 1.48 [1.35–1.62]).</div><div>A higher mortality for the less educated was observed for males from Romania, India and China, and for females from Central-Eastern Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa and Central and South America. A lower mortality was found for the least educated from Morocco.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The higher mortality among less educated subjects was confirmed among Italians, while it was less evident among immigrants from HMPCs. However, differences observed between citizenships, macro-areas of origin and sex highlight the need for social policies accounting for specific risk factors and cultural specificities affecting correct lifestyles and health service access.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}