Journal of Migration and Health最新文献

{"title":"Are migrants diagnosed with a trauma-related disorder at risk of premature mortality? A register-based cohort study in Denmark","authors":"Line Bager ,&nbsp;Esben Agerbo ,&nbsp;Niels Skipper ,&nbsp;Janne Tidselbak Larsen ,&nbsp;Thomas Munk Laursen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Mental illness is common among refugees displaced by conflict and war. While evidence points to the relatively good health in terms of longevity of migrants resettled in the destination country, less is known about the mortality of the most vulnerable migrants with a trauma-related diagnosis alone and those with an additional comorbid psychotic disorder. This study aimed to provide an overview of the number and mortality of foreign-born individuals diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or Enduring Personality Change after a Catastrophic Event (PTSD/EPCACE), a psychotic disorder or both.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A nationwide register-based cohort study, including residents in Denmark, followed from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2016. The exposure was PTSD/EPCACE and psychotic disorders as well as region of origin. Relative all-cause mortality was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models and calculated for migrants with one or both groups of disorders compared to those from the same region without the disorder.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>During the study period, 6,580,000 individuals (50.4% women) were included in the cohort. Of these 1,249,654 (50.5% women) died during follow-up. For men and women from the former Yugoslavia, the Middle East and Northern Africa, a PTSD/EPCACE diagnosis alone or with comorbid psychotic disorder was not associated with increased mortality after adjusting for region of origin. A psychotic disorder alone, however, was associated with an increased mortality rate.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Despite the severity of many refugees’ traumatic experiences, a diagnosis of a trauma-related psychiatric disorder did not appear to increase the mortality rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/bd/main.PMC10365948.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9882257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning up the heat: A conceptual model for understanding the migration and health in the context of global climate change","authors":"Aqsa Khalid ,&nbsp;Jabran Ali Babry ,&nbsp;Jo Vearey ,&nbsp;Dominik Zenner","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The triangular relationship between climate change-related events, patterns of human migration and their implications for health is an important yet understudied issue. To improve understanding of this complex relationship, a comprehensive, interdisciplinary conceptual model will be useful. This paper investigates relationships between these factors and considers their impacts for affected populations globally.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A desk review of key literature was undertaken. An open-ended questionnaire consisting of 11 items was designed focusing on three themes: predicting population migration by understanding key variables, health implications, and suggestions on policy and research. After using purposive sampling we selected nine experts, reflecting diverse regional and professional backgrounds directly related to our research focus area. All responses were thematically analysed and key themes from the survey were synthesised to construct the conceptual model focusing on describing the relationship between global climate change, migration and health implications and a second model focusing on actionable suggestions for organisations working in the field, academia and policymakers.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Key themes which constitute our conceptual model included: a description of migrant populations perceived to be at risk; health characteristics associated with different migratory patterns; health implications for both migrants and host populations; the responsibilities of global and local governance actors; and social and structural determinants of health. Less prominent themes were aspects related to slow-onset migratory patterns, voluntary stay, and voluntary migration. Actionable suggestions include an interdisciplinary and innovative approach to study the phenomenon for academicians, preparedness and globalized training and awareness for field organisations and migrant inclusive and climate sensitive approach for policymakers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Contrary to common narratives, participants framed the impacts of climate change-related events on migration patterns and their health implications as non-linear and indirect, comprising many interrelated individual, social, cultural, demographic, geographical, structural, and political determinants. An understanding of these interactions in various contexts is essential for risk reduction and preventative measures. The way forward broadly includes inclusive and equity-based health services, improved and faster administrative systems, less restrictive (im)migration policies, globally trained staff, efficient and accessible research, and improved emergency response capabilities. The focus should be to increase preventative and adaptation measures in the face of any environmental changes and respond efficiently to different phases of migration to aim for better “health for all and promote universal well-being” (WHO) (<span>World He","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10074782/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9273427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccines, mobility, and pandemic bureaucracies: Undocumented migrants’ perspectives from Italy's Alpine border","authors":"Costanza Torre,&nbsp;Elizabeth Storer","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While scholars have noted the deeply unequal effects of the pandemic containment, there has been limited attempt to map the socio-political lives of vaccination policies, particularly from the perspective of undocumented persons moving at state margins. This paper explores how undocumented migrants, who were predominantly male travellers attempting to cross Italy's Alpine borders, encountered Covid-19 vaccines and contemporary legislation. Based on ethnographic observations and qualitative interviews with migrants, doctors, and activists at safehouses both on the Italian and French sides of the Alpine border, we trace how mobility centred decisions to accept or reject vaccines were significantly shaped by exclusionary border regimes. We move beyond the exceptional focus of the Covid-19 pandemic to show how centring visions of health connected to viral risk diverted attention from migrants’ wider struggles to move to obtain safety. Ultimately, we argue for a recognition of how health crises are not merely unequally experienced, but may result in the reconfiguration of violent governance practices at state borders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e1/fa/main.PMC10118066.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of legal status and uncertainty in the reproductive aspirations of 1.5 and second generation Mexican-origin immigrant young women: An exploratory study","authors":"Kate Coleman-Minahan ,&nbsp;Melissa Villarreal ,&nbsp;Goleen Samari","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The 1.5 generation, brought to the U.S. prior to age 16, faces barriers that the second generation, U.S.-born to immigrant parents, does not, including only temporary legal protection through the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Program. Little is known about how legal status and uncertainty shape cisgender immigrant young women's reproductive aspirations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Drawing on the Theory of Conjunctural Action with attention to the immigrant optimism and bargain hypotheses, we conducted an exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with seven 1.5 generation DACA recipients and eleven second generation Mexican-origin women, 21-33 years old in 2018. Interviews focused on reproductive and life aspirations, migration experiences, and childhood and current economic disadvantage. We conducted a thematic analysis using a deductive and inductive approach.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Data resulted in a conceptual model on the pathways through which uncertainty and legal status shape reproductive aspirations. Participants aspired to complete higher education and have a fulfilling career, financial stability, a stable partnership, and parents’ support prior to considering childbearing. For the 1.5 generation, uncertainty of their legal status makes the thought of parenting feel scary, while for the second generation, the legal status of their parents makes parenting feel scary. Achieving desired stability before childbearing is more challenging and uncertain for the 1.5 generation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Temporary legal status constrains young women's reproductive aspirations by limiting their ability to achieve desired forms of stability prior to parenting and making the thought of parenting frightening. More research is needed to further develop this novel conceptual model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/60/91/main.PMC9922978.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9771825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-migration food habits of New Zealand South Asian migrants: Implications for health promotion practice","authors":"Sherly Parackal","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>South Asian migrants in western countries have a high risk for diet related diseases post-migration. Hence knowledge on food habits that change post-migration, which are detrimental to health, are critical for health promotion initiatives to reduce this disease burden.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>to describe food consumption changes post-migration according to sex and duration of residence in New Zealand among South Asian migrants.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional mail survey of 150 self-selected people of South Asian ethnicity aged 25–59 years in New Zealand.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study achieved responses from 112 participants (75%) with a mean age of 36 (7.5) years. Consumption of green leafy vegetables reduced post-migration for females and in new migrants (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Fruit consumption increased in both genders and across duration of residence (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Only 15% of males and 36% of females met the 3 + a day recommendation for vegetable consumption. Consumption of traditional breads, breakfast items and rice (males) decreased whilst that of breakfast cereals increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Consumption of low-fat milk, cheese, ice-cream, butter (females) and margarine increased, whilst ghee decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Consumption of fish, lentils, traditional sweets and savouries decreased, whilst meat, processed meat, chicken, potato chips, cakes and pastries (females) and alcohol (males) increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), post-migration. Thirty-three percent of males and 24% of females consumed takeaways “weekly or more often”, with the majority (male: 51%; female: 36%) consuming European foods such as pizzas and pastas. Thirteen percent of males and 26% of females consumed festival foods “weekly or more often.” More than half the participants were obese with BMI increasing with duration of residence (<em>P</em> = 0.025).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A food-based health promotion initiative focused on inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, increased consumption of dairy foods such as cheese and ice cream, and high fat European takeaway foods would be warranted particularly in new South Asian migrants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/f6/main.PMC10041552.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9213831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic test accuracy of screening tools for post-traumatic stress disorder among refugees and asylum seekers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Olivia Magwood ,&nbsp;Kara Bellai-Dussault ,&nbsp;Grace Fox ,&nbsp;Chris McCutcheon ,&nbsp;Owen Adams ,&nbsp;Ammar Saad ,&nbsp;Azaad Kassam","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Refugees and asylum seekers often experience traumatic events resulting in a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Undiagnosed PTSD can have detrimental effects on resettlement outcomes. Immigration medical exams provide an opportunity to screen for mental health conditions in refugee and asylum seeker populations and provide links to timely mental health care.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To assess the diagnostic accuracy of screening tools for PTSD in refugee and asylum seeker populations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We systematically searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CENTRAL and CINAHL up to 29 September 2022. We included cohort-selection or cross-sectional study designs that assessed PTSD screening tools in refugee or asylum seeker populations of all ages. All reference standards were eligible for inclusion, with a clinical interview considered the gold standard. We selected studies and extracted diagnostic test accuracy data in duplicate. Risk of bias and applicability concerns were addressed using QUADAS-2. We meta-analyzed findings using a bivariate random-effects model. We partnered with a patient representative and a clinical psychiatrist to inform review development and conduct.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our review includes 28 studies (4,373 participants) capturing 16 different screening tools. Nine of the 16 tools were developed specifically for refugee populations. Most studies assessed PTSD in adult populations, but three included studies focused on detecting PTSD in children. Nine studies looked at the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) with diagnostic cut-off points ranging from 1.17 to 2.5. Meta-analyses revealed a summary point sensitivity of 86.6% (95%CI 0.791; 0.917) and specificity of 78.9% (95%CI 0.639; 0.888) for these studies. After evaluation, we found it appropriate to pool other screening tools (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, the Impact of Event Scale, and the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale) with the HTQ. The area under the curve for this model was 79.4%, with a pooled sensitivity of 86.2% (95%CI 0.759; 0.925) and a specificity of 72.2% (95%CI 0.616; 0.808).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our review identified several screening tools that perform well among refugees and asylum seekers, but no single tool was identified as being superior. The Refugee Health Screener holds promise as a practical instrument for use in immigration medical examinations because it supports the identification of PTSD, depression, and anxiety across diverse populations. Future research should consider tool characteristics beyond sensitivity and specificity to facilitate implementation in immigration medical exams.</p></div><div><h3>Registration</h3><p>Open Science Framework: <u>10.17605/OSF.IO/PHNJV</u></p></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ae/32/main.PMC9772565.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10436367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreter services and effect on healthcare - a systematic review of the impact of different types of interpreters on patient outcome","authors":"Morten Heath ,&nbsp;Anne Mette Fløe Hvass ,&nbsp;Christian Morberg Wejse","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Utilization of interpreters to facilitate communication between health care providers and non-native speaking patients is essential to provide the best possible quality of care. Yet use and policy on the subject vary widely, as does knowledge on the effect of different types of interpreters. This paper systematically reviews the literature on use of interpreters in the medical setting to evaluate their effects on the quality of care.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>We conducted a literature search of PubMed and Embase, supplemented with references from relevant previous literature. We included any report in a medical setting comparing one type of interpretation to any other, including no interpretation and measuring a patient outcome. No limit was set on time or language. Risk of bias was assessed using the Evidence Project Risk of Bias assessment tool and the CASP checklist for qualitative studies. Results were synthesized using REDCap and presented in tables.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified 29 reports represented by five types of studies. Types of interpreter intervention examined were professional, ad hoc, relational, any and no interpreter. Outcomes measured were <em>satisfaction, communication, utilization</em> and <em>clinical outcomes</em>. Results were indicative of in-person professional interpreter resulting in highest <em>satisfaction</em> and <em>communication</em>, reaffirming that any interpreter is better than none and relational interpreters can be a valuable interpreter resource for patients in the private practice setting. To be able to further differentiate on outcome for interventions of ad-hoc or relational interpreters, further data is needed.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>In-person Professional interpreter is the interpreter type resulting in greatest satisfaction and best communication outcome for the patients. This review is limited by most data originating from one country, interpretation from mainly Spanish to English and in one cultural setting.</p></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><p>No funding was provided for this review.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/26/32/main.PMC9932446.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10824610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 case management in a Greek migrant camp: The Hellenic Red Cross Mobile Health Unit intervention in Nea Malakasa temporary accommodation center","authors":"Zisimangelos Solomos ,&nbsp;Alexandra Michaelidou Mothoneou ,&nbsp;Georgios Boukouvalas ,&nbsp;Ilias Niakos ,&nbsp;Anna Kavga ,&nbsp;Dimitra Tsekoura","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic the scientific community had expressed its concerns about increased transmission of the virus within asylum seeker accommodation centers due to substandard living conditions and poor sanitation. Studies regarding management of Covid-19 cases in such facilities are urgently needed in order to guide international strategies on future pandemics within the humanitarian setting. Our study's paradigm of Covid-19 case management in a Greek migrant camp aims to add on existing data.</p></div><div><h3>Data and Methods</h3><p>A retrospective analysis of epidemiological and demographical data collected as part of a healthcare intervention in a Greek migrant camp during three Covid-19 epidemic waves is presented in this study. Descriptive statistics were generated using STATA 12.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>During the first wave, the camp's administration adopted a 2-month strict lockdown strategy and no positive cases were recorded. During the second wave, suspected coronavirus cases were referred for PCR testing and, in case of positivity were hospitalized. 3% (<em>n</em> = 28) of the camp's population were referred for PCR, with 1% of the population (<em>n</em> = 10) being tested positive for Covid-19 and admitted to hospital. Close contacts of positive cases were encouraged to comply with non-pharmaceutical interventions and were offered medical care if symptoms developed. During the third epidemic wave, in-camp management was decided by on-site operators, with rapid antigen testing of symptomatic individuals, daily monitoring of positive cases by the medical team and mass screening of their closed contacts. 4% (<em>n</em> = 33) of the camp's residents were tested positive, while none was hospitalized. 19% (<em>n</em> = 148) of the camp's population were considered close contacts, were advised to self-isolate and were offered mass screening with rapid antigen test, from which another 21 positive cases emerged. In total, 7% (<em>n</em> = 54) of the camp population, (<em>n</em> = 21) female adults, (<em>n</em> = 24) male adults and (<em>n</em> = 9) children, were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the third epidemic wave, with no deaths being recorded. During the study period, only 50 residents had received one dose of Covid-19 vaccines.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We recommend an in-camp Covid-19 response featuring regular follow up of positive cases and prompt referral to tertiary centers based on clinical criteria, while overemphasizing the need for equitable access to primary healthcare for asylum seekers in Greece, primarily during the current pandemic. Prolonged camp lockdowns should be avoided as they pose substantial health risks for their vulnerable population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10033494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9282457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported health among migrants. Does contextual discrimination matter?","authors":"Philippe Wanner ,&nbsp;Marco Pecoraro","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Switzerland is characterised by significant flows of migrants from different countries of origin and with different levels of education. More than half of recent migrants have reported experiencing prejudice or discriminatory practices in the last 24 months.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Based on a 2018 survey of 7,740 adult migrants (aged 24-64) who arrived in Switzerland in 2006 or later, we examine whether self-reported health is statistically associated with the perception of being a victim of prejudice or discrimination. Ordered logistic regressions are estimated using two indicators of discrimination: the frequency of discrimination and the number of places where discrimination occurs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The regression results show that discrimination, which is not necessarily based on ethnicity or migrant status, is associated with health status, even after controlling for possible confounding factors.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Our results confirm those already observed in other countries of immigration. They suggest a likely association between perceived discrimination and self-reported health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f2/75/main.PMC10392132.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10308387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The migrant Hazara Shias of Pakistan and their social determinants for PTSD, mental disorders and life satisfaction","authors":"Sara Rizvi Jafree ,&nbsp;Syed Mujtaba Hasnain Nadir ,&nbsp;Qaisar Khalid Mahmood ,&nbsp;Syeda Khadija Burhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Ensuring safety and wellbeing of all the minority populations of Pakistan is essential for collective national growth. The Pakistani Hazara Shias are a marginalized non-combative migrant population who face targeted violence in Pakistan, and suffer from great challenges which compromise their life satisfaction and mental health. In this study, we aim to identify the determinants of life satisfaction and mental health disorders in Hazara Shias and ascertain which socio-demographic characteristics are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used a cross-sectional quantitative survey, utilizing internationally standardized instruments; with an additional qualitative item. Seven constructs were measured, including household stability; job satisfaction; financial security; community support; life satisfaction; PTSD; and mental health. Factor analysis was performed showing satisfactory Cronbach alpha results. A total of 251 Hazara Shias from Quetta were sampled at community centers through convenience method based on their willingness to participate.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Comparison of mean scores shows significantly higher PTSD in women and unemployed participants. Regression results reveal that people who have low community support, especially from national and ethnic community, religious community, and other community groups, had higher risk of mental health disorders. Structural equation modeling identified that four study variables contribute to greater life satisfaction, including: household satisfaction (β = 0.25, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001); community satisfaction (β = 0.26, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001); financial security (β = 0.11, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05); and job satisfaction (β = 0.13, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Qualitative findings revealed three broad areas which create barriers to life satisfaction, including: fears of assault and discrimination; employment and education problems; and financial and food security issues.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The Hazara Shias need immediate assistance from state and society to improve safety, life opportunities, and mental health. Interventions for poverty alleviation, mental health, and fair education and employment opportunities need to be planned in partnership with the primary security issue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/da/main.PMC9922968.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10745491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}