Acta Medica Lituanica最新文献

{"title":"Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption Complicated by Steroids: A Case Report and Review of Literature.","authors":"Aniket Goswami, Shikha Verma, Chingshubam Bikash, Pranjal Kalita","doi":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.2.4","DOIUrl":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kaposi varicelliform eruption (KVE) is a severe disseminated cutaneous infection mainly caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 or HSV-2). Herein, we report a case of KVE which was misdiagnosed elsewhere as a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis and received systemic steroids, following which, the patient's condition deteriorated. After being diagnosed as a case of KVE with the aid of tzanck smear, the patient was initiated on acyclovir and responded dramatically to the treatment. This case underscores the critical value of simple bedside tests, such as the tzanck smear, for rapid diagnosis of KVE and the timely initiation of treatment, facilitating prompt recovery. Additionally, it highlights the importance of histopathological evaluation in ambiguous cases so that to prevent mismanagement and ensure accurate diagnosis and the appropriate care.</p>","PeriodicalId":34365,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Lituanica","volume":"32 2","pages":"348-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Assessments of PET and ASL MR Perfusion in the Evaluation of Early Dementia.","authors":"Savyasachi Jain, Shailesh B Gaikwad, Bheru Dan Charan, Anu Gupta, Madhvi Tripathy","doi":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.10","DOIUrl":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overtly morbid dementing diseases have a prodromal MCI (mild cognitive impairment) phase which is crucial to recognize. Clinical scores provide an easy bedside assessment tool for holistic cognitive evaluation but fail to provide lead time. While routine biomarkers of brain atrophy are late to appear, non-contrast MRI perfusion studies like ASL may serve as a valuable alternative to 18F-FDG-PET for the recognition and classification of the degree of neurodegeneration in individuals with MCI, especially when FDG-PET is not available. Our study adds confidence as we noted brain regions where PET-ASL concordance was most robust and devised concordance with ACE-3 scores.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective study from Jan 2021 to Jan 2024. Cases were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which have objective cognitive impairment. Healthy controls were selected. MRI and PET scans were performed in all cases. Perfusion values of arterial spine labeling, PET, and clinical examination were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 33 patients and 15 healthy controls in the study. We compared ASL and PET for all selected individuals. Our study showed that ASL can detect a hypo-perfusion region with a 91% sensitivity, 85.98% specificity, 89.8% PPV, and 87.62% NPV, with a diagnostic accuracy of 88.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ASL was a dependable replacement for the gold-standard FDG-PET. ASL may serve as a valuable alternative to ¹⁸F-FDG-PET for classifying the degree of neurodegeneration in individuals with prodromal AD, especially when FDG-PET is unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":34365,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Lituanica","volume":"32 1","pages":"92-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-Cavitary Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): A Rare Case Report and Management Approach.","authors":"Rajeev Bharadwaj, Deb Boruah, Bhupen Barman, Suman Kalita","doi":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.16","DOIUrl":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with mid-cavitary obstruction (MCO) is an uncommon condition affecting approximately 10% of HCM patients which is associated with serious outcomes, including sudden cardiac death and heart failure. We present the case of a 43-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus who experienced worsening dyspnea and palpitations, leading to the diagnosis of HCM with MCO without outlet obstruction. Cardiac MRI with gadolinium contrast reveals significant mid-cavitary obstruction without left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with a scar burden of 27% and the absence of other high-risk factors such as apical aneurysm and NSVT runs on Holter monitoring. The patient was treated conservatively with the oral beta-blocker therapy, resulting in symptomatic improvement. Given the high risk of an adverse outcome, it is crucial to recognise MCO early and provide the appropriate treatment. This case report discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a patient with HCM and mid-cavitary obstruction, highlighting the unique treatment considerations associated with this condition.</p><p><strong>Take home message: </strong>Mid-cavitary obstruction (MCO) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with high-risk outcomes of sudden cardiac death and heart failure.While beta-blockers can improve symptoms in many MCO patients, treatment should be personalized based on the symptom severity and risk factors.Patients with MCO are at risk of complications like apical aneurysms, thromboembolism, and arrhythmias.</p>","PeriodicalId":34365,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Lituanica","volume":"32 1","pages":"138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructed Hemivagina, Uterine Didelphys, and Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis: A Case Report of OHVIRA Syndrome.","authors":"Mehtap Güneş, Sevinç Taşar, Hayriye Nihan Karaman Ayyıldız, İbrahim Kale, Funda Alp Uydu, Murat Muhcu","doi":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.2.19","DOIUrl":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly of the female urogenital tract. This report presents the clinical features, diagnostic approach, and management of an adolescent girl with OHVIRA syndrome.</p><p><strong>Clinical case: </strong>A 14-year-old female was admitted with abdominal pain and irregular menstruation. Ultrasonography and MRI demonstrated uterus didelphys with right-sided hematometrocolpos and ipsilateral renal agenesis. External genital examination revealed an intact hymen with a bluish bulge 2 cm above the hymenal ring. Surgical exploration confirmed an obstructed right hemivagina, which was opened while preserving hymenal integrity. Menstrual blood was drained, and a Foley catheter was placed temporarily to ensure patency. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the second day.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>This case illustrates successful surgical management of OHVIRA syndrome while preserving hymenal integrity. Early diagnosis and imaging are essential to prevent complications such as hematometrocolpos, endometriosis, and infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":34365,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Lituanica","volume":"32 2","pages":"453-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cocaine-Induced Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES): A Case Report Highlighting Neurological and Clinical Outcomes.","authors":"Patricija Griškaitė, Eleonora Kvaščevičienė, Gabija Laubner Sakalauskienė","doi":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.20","DOIUrl":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare neurological condition characterized by disrupted cerebral autoregulation, often associated with clinical features such as hypertension, encephalopathy, seizures, and visual disturbances. Although it primarily affects females aged 20-65, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome can present across diverse demographics. This case underscores the critical importance of identifying uncommon risk factors to facilitate early diagnosis and optimal management.</p><p><strong>Clinical case: </strong>A 37-year-old male with stage 3 chronic kidney disease secondary to hereditary nephropathy and a history of cocaine and alcohol misuse presented to the emergency department with recurrent seizures, hypertension, hyperthermia and altered consciousness. Imaging demonstrated cortical-subcortical hypodensities on CT and parieto-occipital FLAIR hyperintensities on MRI, consistent with the diagnosis of PRES. A diagnosis of PRES was confirmed based on the patient's history, neurological evaluation, and characteristic radiological findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Raising awareness of PRES and its less recognized but increasingly relevant risk factors, such as stimulant drug use - particularly cocaine - remains a critical aspect of improving diagnostic accuracy and management. Although PRES is typically reversible, delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to permanent neurological complications, including cerebral infarction and hemorrhage.</p>","PeriodicalId":34365,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Lituanica","volume":"32 1","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal Outcome of Suicidal Multi-Substance Ingestion Involving Sodium Nitrate and Nitrite Toxicity: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Sofija Saulė Kaubrytė, Sigitas Chmieliauskas, Giedrė Salyklytė, Sigitas Laima, Diana Vasiljevaitė, Jurgita Stasiūnienė, Paulius Petreikis, Robertas Badaras","doi":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.11","DOIUrl":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Nitrate and nitrite toxicity, particularly from sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate ingestion, has become a critical public health issue due to its role in accidental poisoning, foodborne exposure, and intentional self-harm. Sodium nitrite, commonly used in food preservation, is increasingly linked to suicide, with online resources providing accessible information on lethal dosages. This trend underscores an urgent need for regulatory action and preventive strategies. This report details a fatal case of nitrate and nitrite toxicity in a 19-year-old female, presenting a complex toxicological profile involving ethyl alcohol, amphetamines, and additional pharmaceuticals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic literature search was conducted across &lt;i&gt;PubMed&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Google Scholar&lt;/i&gt; databases, spanning articles published over a period of the last 10 years, utilizing keywords relevant to the topic under consideration and their combinations. 58 pertinent articles were selected, supplemented by data from the &lt;i&gt;Lithuanian State Forensic Medicine Service&lt;/i&gt;, involving a clinical case. Autopsy findings, toxicological analyses, and contextual details were meticulously examined to elucidate the mechanism and circumstances of death.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case presentation: &lt;/strong&gt;A 19-year-old female was found deceased in her home, alongside a suicide note indicating intent to self-harm through ingestion of sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, and multiple medications. The autopsy findings included cherry-brown lividity, dark, non-coagulated blood within the heart chambers, and significant multi-organ congestion, consistent with methemoglobinemia and systemic hypoxia. Toxicology results confirmed a blood alcohol concentration of 1.22‰, with trace levels of amphetamine, atropine, and quetiapine, while nitrites detected in the gastric contents confirmed sodium nitrite as a primary toxic agent. The toxic synergy of these substances ultimately led to fatal multi-organ compromise.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This case emphasizes the serious risks associated with nitrate and nitrite ingestion, particularly in instances of intentional overdose facilitated by readily accessible online information on lethal dosages. The autopsy findings reveal characteristic signs of methemoglobinemia and systemic hypoxia; however, a thorough forensic assessment must also consider additional factors, including the presence of a suicide note, the scene context, and any substances collected at the location.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lessons: &lt;/strong&gt;Due to the inherent instability of nitrite in blood, its post-mortem detection is often challenging, thereby complicating toxicological confirmation. The increasing accessibility and misuse of sodium nitrite underscore an urgent need for regulatory oversight, public awareness, and enhanced preventive measures to address the rising incidence of intentional sodium nitrite toxicity, particularly within","PeriodicalId":34365,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Lituanica","volume":"32 1","pages":"160-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rescue Strategy in Cardiogenic Shock: Emergency Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Failed Bioprosthetic Valve - Case Report.","authors":"Ricardas Kundelis, Vilhelmas Bajoras, Sigitas Čėsna, Giedrius Davidavičius","doi":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.1","DOIUrl":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Transcatheter aortic valve implantation</i> (TAVI) has emerged as an essential therapeutic intervention for patients with severe aortic valve disease, providing a less invasive alternative to traditional surgery, particularly in high-risk individuals. TAVI is also increasingly utilized as a valve-in-valve strategy in cases of a bioprosthetic valve failure. However, data on the efficacy of TAVI in the context of a hemodynamic collapse remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This report represents a young, high-risk patient with a failed bioprosthetic valve and cardiogenic shock treated successfully with TAVI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emergency TAVI using a <i>Medtronic Evolut Pro+</i> device achieved rapid hemodynamic stabilization and favorable post-procedural clinical and functional outcomes. Intermittent complete atrioventricular block necessitated the implantation of a permanent pacemaker.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the potential of TAVI as a safe and effective intervention in critical clinical scenarios. Emergency TAVI is a viable therapeutic intervention for patients with failed surgical bioprostheses presenting with cardiogenic shock.</p>","PeriodicalId":34365,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Lituanica","volume":"32 1","pages":"126-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma - A Review of Evidence.","authors":"Hima Bora, Gautam Sarma, Partha Pratim Medhi","doi":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.18","DOIUrl":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of its remarkable precision in providing targeted radiation, recent evidence supports <i>Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy</i> (SABR) as a promising non-invasive treatment approach for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, minimizing harm to adjacent healthy tissues. With regards to its heterogeneous nature with diverse clinical presentations, rapid progression and metastatic potential, <i>Renal Cell Carcinoma</i> (RCC) is known to make therapy more challenging, and also to reduce the survival rates. Even though <i>Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors</i> (ICIs) remain the gold standard for treating metastatic RCC (mRCC), certain patients with one or a few distant metastases seem to have a longer survival period if the metastases are surgically removed. However, complete responses are not always the case, with radiation being increasingly incorporated as a component of multidisciplinary care. Moreover, studies proving the immunogenic qualities of hypofractionated SABR and the safety and potential of combining SABR with immune-based and surgical therapy for mRCC are becoming more prevalent in the literature. SABR helps induce local inflammation with the tumour, promoting T cell activation and antigen presentation. Multiple retrospective and prospective reports have also demonstrated that SABR assigned to the metastatic locations of mRCC, while using ablative dosages, achieves high local control rates with a good toxicity profile, thus disproving earlier theories of RCC radioresistance. This review outlines the key evidence favouring SABR being administered to metastatic tumours, including the results of recent prospective phase 2 trials in patients with oligometastatic, oligoprogressive, and unselected mRCC. The body of data that has been gathered points to SABR as a promising indicator that is being utilized more and more in the multidisciplinary management of mRCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":34365,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Lituanica","volume":"32 1","pages":"22-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Silent Shunt: Traumatic Splenic AV Fistula Revealed and Treated Endovascularly.","authors":"Gulshan Sharma, Resham Singh, Puneet Garg","doi":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.2.10","DOIUrl":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Splenic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare vascular anomaly that can arise from trauma, aneurysmal rupture, or congenital conditions. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to preventing complications such as portal hypertension and high-output cardiac failure.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present the case of a 62-year-old male with a traumatic splenic AVF resulting from a road traffic accident (RTA), associated with a Grade IV splenic injury and multiple pseudoaneurysms. The patient underwent successful endovascular coil embolization and experienced an asymptomatic follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endovascular coil embolisation is a minimally invasive and effective first-line treatment for traumatic splenic AVFs, particularly in hemodynamically stable patients, providing excellent outcomes and organ preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":34365,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Lituanica","volume":"32 2","pages":"393-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidepressant Prescription to Children/Adolescents and Its Effects on the Cardiovascular System, Comprising the Actual Questions of Periodicity of the Checkups, Cooperation among Pediatricians, Family Doctors, Cardiologists and Children-Adolescent Psychiatrists.","authors":"Reda Montvilaitė","doi":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.15","DOIUrl":"10.15388/Amed.2025.32.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmacological treatment is one of the most effective ways to help psychiatric patients with depressive disorders. However, prescription of antidepressants to children and adolescents creates controversial thoughts due to possible negative effects on the cardiovascular system. Despite being beneficial in controlling serious illnesses, there is less research done on the side effects of antidepressants which would require periodical checkups and cooperation among medical specialists. This literature review was completed to evaluate effects of antidepressants on the cardiovascular system and the necessity of regular assessment while treating children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To review the cardiovascular effects of antidepressants prescribed to children and adolescents; to discuss the need for regular patient checkups with a multidisciplinary team: pediatricians, family doctors, cardiologists and children-adolescent psychiatrists.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Literature sources were selected from the <i>Pubmed, Google Scholar, Clinical Key</i>, and <i>Research Gate</i> databases by following dates from 2013 to 2024 while using the following keywords and their combinations: antidepressant, cardiovascular, side effects, cardiovascular risk, children and adolescents, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), psychotropic medication, antidepressants in pediatrics, atypical antidepressants, benzodiazepines, lipid metabolism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antidepressants, including SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, atypical antidepressants and benzodiazepines, are associated with significant cardiovascular risks in children and adolescents. SSRIs, like citalopram and escitalopram, can disturb the heart rhythm by prolonging the QT interval, or increasing the risk of serious arrhythmias. SNRIs have been linked to an elevated blood pressure and heart rate. TCAs are known for their proarrhythmic effects, particularly in overdose situations, posing a high risk of sudden cardiac events. Atypical antidepressants like bupropion can cause cardiovascular disturbances, especially when overdosed. Additionally, less commonly prescribed benzodiazepines contribute to cardiovascular risks when combined with SSRIs during pregnancy, due to increasing the likelihood of congenital heart defects. These risks underscore the importance of careful monitoring, dosage management and thorough cardiovascular assessment when prescribing these medications to children, adolescents, and pregnant women. A team consisting of professional specialists - children-adolescent psychiatrists, cardiologists, pediatricians and family doctors - should detect long-term effects of pharmacotherapy by checking up the young patients regularly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of antidepressants in children and adolescents, though crucial for managing se","PeriodicalId":34365,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Lituanica","volume":"32 1","pages":"52-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}