Strides in Development of Medical Education最新文献

{"title":"Barriers and Facilitating Factors of Communication in Iranian Educational Health Care Centers: A Systematic Review","authors":"F. Kiani, A. Ahmadi","doi":"10.5812/SDME.80871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/SDME.80871","url":null,"abstract":"Context Communication, as an essential human skill, is one of the most influential factors in the performance of healthcare workers. In fact, the establishment of effective communication with the recipients of healthcare services and patients can increase their satisfaction and quality of life. Due to the paucity of comprehensive research in this area, the present study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitating factors concerning communication among healthcare workers. Evidence Acquisition This systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MagIran, Iranmedex, Google Scholar, and SID databases, using the following keywords: “communication”, “communication barrier”, “communication facilitator”, “health system”, “nurse”, “physician”, “faculty member”, “teacher”, “student”, “health manager”, and “patient”. All searches were conducted within a 10-year period from 2008 to 2018. Results According to our literature review, 44 articles (38 quantitative and 6 qualitative) met the inclusion criteria. In these studies, “pleasant greetings” and “tidy appearance” were the most important factors facilitating the patient-physician relationship, “teacher’s modesty”, “patience”, and “respect for students” were the main factors facilitating the teacher-student relationship, and finally, “responsibility”, “empathy”, and “companionship” were identified as the most significant factors in the patient-health care worker relationship. On the other hand, the most important barriers to communication in the clinical setting were “poor introduction of the healthcare provider to patients”, “high workload and fatigue”, and “lack of training on the principles of communication skills and environmental factors”. Conclusions Based on the findings, identifying the facilitating factors and barriers to communication is the most important step in the management of health services. Communication skills training can have a beneficial effect on the health education programs for the healthcare staff. In addition, it can improve the efficacy of health services.","PeriodicalId":34340,"journal":{"name":"Strides in Development of Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78748405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Backpack; a Tool for the Self-Assessment of International Communication Skills of Faculty Members","authors":"R. Dehnavieh, A. Haghdoost, S. Noorihekmat, Sara Poursheikhali, A. Masoud, R. Sheikhzadeh, Somayeh Borhani, Fatemeh Shiri, Atousa Poursheikhali","doi":"10.5812/SDME.88559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/SDME.88559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34340,"journal":{"name":"Strides in Development of Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83870354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Patient-Centered Attitude Improve During Internship? A Longitudinal Study","authors":"A. Rohani, R. Ebrahimi, H. Ahmadipour","doi":"10.5812/SDME.85239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/SDME.85239","url":null,"abstract":"Background The patient-centered approach improves the quality of health care. Promoting this approach will increase the patients’ satisfaction and improve interpersonal skills among health care providers. Objectives The aim of the current study was to compare the viewpoints of interns toward the patient-centered approach in the beginning and the end of the internship at the Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KUMS). Methods This longitudinal study was carried out at KUMS between March 2017 and July 2018. All medical students who had passed the internship entrance exam were selected through a census. The Persian version of the patient-practitioner orientation scale (PPOS) was completed at the start and the end of the internship. This instrument has 18 items in two 9-item subscales: sharing and caring. The minimum and maximum scores were 1 to 6, respectively. The higher the score, the more the patient-centered orientation. The data were analyzed by SPSS using independent and paired -tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Results The mean scores of PPOS were 3.92 ± 0.42 and 3.86 ± 0.37 at the beginning and the end of the internship, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant. The mean score of the caring subscale significantly increased during internship but no significant change was found in the mean score of the sharing subscale. Conclusions The results of our study showed that the patient-centered attitude toward patient caring improved during the internship in the majority of interns but no significant improvement was found in terms of patient sharing. Significant progress can be made in the quality of physician-patient communication and patient satisfaction if necessary training programs are run on patient-centeredness.","PeriodicalId":34340,"journal":{"name":"Strides in Development of Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83490998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey on the Present Status of the Course Plans at Tehran University of Medical Sciences: A Prelude to Future Decisions","authors":"A. Mirzazadeh, Amirhosein Jahanshir, S. Riazi","doi":"10.5812/SDME.68365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/SDME.68365","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives The development of a course plan is an essential activity before presenting each course, which enables effective education by mapping the road ahead. For this reason, the study of the status of course plans at universities is of particular importance, such that access to the documentations in this regard can lead to the discovery of the uncertainties of the status quo. Methods This was a survey study performed in two stages. In the first stage, data about the current status of course plans was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS software. Secondly, the content of the course plans was examined. The data was collected using a researcher-made checklist based on review of the related texts. Results In total, 99 (92.52%) of the 107 academic departments completed the questionnaire. Of the 6926 responded units, 2251 units (32.5%) had a course plan. Of the 173 disciplines, 15 (8.7%) had provided a course plan on the faculty website. Of the 99 departments, 39 (39.4%) had a defined plan for course design and 34 (34.3%) departments had a monitoring committee. Qualitative analysis of course plans showed that 45.3% had an acceptable status, 6.2% were somewhat acceptable, 10.4% were incomplete and 38.1% were unacceptable. The general characteristics of the course (96.1%), the general description of the course (45.6%), the general objectives (87.0%), the specific goals (63.2%), and the introduction of resources (45.9%) had a “complete” and “fairly complete” status respectively and had the highest scores in course design. Also, students’ role and tasks components-role dimensions (66.4%), student’s assessment at the end of the course- summative evaluation (56.0%) and course timetable (51.8%) respectively, had the “incomplete” and “non-observance” status more than other components, and did not have a proper situation in course design. Conclusions The results of this study lead to the recognition of the current status of course plan in Tehran University of Medical Sciences and can be considered in future decisions.","PeriodicalId":34340,"journal":{"name":"Strides in Development of Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78956077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress, Anxiety, and Depression and Their Related Factors Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Southeast of Iran","authors":"N. Shadman, Maryam Raoof, S. Amanpour, M. Mahdian, J. Haghani, M. T. Parizi","doi":"10.5812/SDME.74295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/SDME.74295","url":null,"abstract":"Background Dental students are exposed to various stressors that are related to treatment procedures, training, and administrative challenges in the college. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the stress, anxiety, and depression levels of dental students and their relationships with demographic factors. Methods This was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study on 297 dental students enrolled at the Kerman University of Medical Science in 2015 - 2016. The stress, anxiety, and depression levels were measured using the depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21). Data on demographic characteristics were also obtained. The statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS (version 11.0) using the chi-squared test. P 0.05). The students with higher scores in the entrance exam who were free of charge presented significantly higher levels of severe-to-extremely severe stress and depression (P = 0.003 and P = 0.033, respectively) than students who were charged tuition fees. Conclusions Based on the findings of the present study, the high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among dental students in Kerman is alarming. This emphasizes the need for interventions, with the development of appropriate support services for this group. However, further studies should be conducted to find major sources of depression, anxiety, and stress.","PeriodicalId":34340,"journal":{"name":"Strides in Development of Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83141572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Status of Medical Students and Residents' Thesis in Kerman University of Medical Sciences in Terms of Contribution to Scientific Development","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Hayatbakhsh Abbasi, A. Hosseininasab, Tahereh Alinaghi, Fatemeh Karami Robati","doi":"10.5812/SDME.66296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/SDME.66296","url":null,"abstract":"Background Dissertations or theses are valuable sources of information, which play an important role in scientific development because of their specific nature and characteristics. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the status of medical students and residents' dissertations in terms of contribution to scientific development in Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Methods This cross-sectional, analytical study examined the status of medical students and residents' dissertations, submitted to the Medical Faculty of Kerman University of Medical Sciences during 2012 - 2015. First, the research deputy of Kerman University of Medical Sciences provided the dissertation information. Then, the information was analyzed in terms of study design, study type, extraction of Persian and English articles, publication in domestic and international journals, and indexing in reputable scientific databases in two groups of medical students and residents' dissertations. SPSS was used for all statistical analyses. Results In total, 643 dissertations were studied, including 342 (53%) residents and 301 (47%) medical students' thesis. Overall, 267 (41.5%) dissertations were published as articles in domestic and international journals. The findings showed that 13.4% of articles were indexed in the Scopus database. The mean scores of medical students and residents' dissertations were 19.22 ± 0.70 and 19.15 ± 0.85, respectively. Conclusions Despite the large number of medical students and residents' dissertations submitted to Kerman University of Medical Sciences, a limited number of dissertations were published as scientific and research papers, and the number of articles indexed in international journals was insignificant. Thesis writing is generally a unique opportunity for students to learn research skills and methods. In addition, publication of thesis findings in domestic and international databases can lead to scientific development.","PeriodicalId":34340,"journal":{"name":"Strides in Development of Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72566002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Explanation of the Effect of Changes in the Educational System on the Development of Professionalism in Medical Residents","authors":"F. S. S. Aria, Parvin Samadi, S. Yazdani","doi":"10.5812/SDME.84144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/SDME.84144","url":null,"abstract":"Background The development of professionalism is one of the fundamental goals of educational systems, especially in medical sciences. Medical students, in addition to acquiring clinical knowledge and skills, should somehow benefit from moral values and professionalism in order to practice in a professional manner. The development of professional ethics is heavily influenced by the hidden curriculum affected by changes in the educational system. The health reform plan is launched in Iran in recent years. Objectives The current study aimed at qualitatively explaining the effects of changes to the educational system on the development of the professionalism in medical residents. Methods The current qualitative study was performed by the content analysis method. A total of 26 interviews were conducted with 12 prominent professors of medical education, 13 third-year internal medicine residents, as well as a focus group including 10 residents. The purposive sampling method with maximum diversity was used in the current study and continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The Lincoln and Guba criteria were used to increase the credibility of the findings. Results The most important finding of the current study was the challenge of developing professionalism due to environmental changes. The main theme included the challenges of professionalism development in the existing educational system, changes related to the sociocultural environment of the community, changes related to health reform plan, and the shift from training to health services and promtion of faculty member. Conclusions Changes and interventions in the health care services sector, such as the health reform plan, greatly affect the development of professionalism in medical residents. The plans that affect the health system, a special attention should be paid to the education section and the educational documents should be prepared initially and implemented simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":34340,"journal":{"name":"Strides in Development of Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90362295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Task Compliance of Medical Education Development Centers from the Viewpoint of the Managers of the Centers","authors":"A. Kalantari, N. rafiee, Saeed Hosseni, S. N. Hekmat, A. Haghdoost, R. Dehnavieh","doi":"10.5812/SDME.58885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/SDME.58885","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medicaleducationdevelopment(MED)centersareestablishedinordertoimprovethequalityof medicaleducation. It seems that after more than two decades since the establishment, the centers still have difficulties to perform some tasks. Objectives: Accordingtotheimportantroleof MEDcenters,thecurrentstudyaimedatadaptingtheperformancesof suchcenters with their assigned tasks. Methods: The current qualitative applied study was conducted in 2013. The statistical population of the study included managers of MED centers in Iran. Data were collected through a questionnaire containing open questions. During a national meeting the questionnaire distributed among 40 managers of MED centers and then analyzed using content analysis. Results: More than half of the major functions that the managers stated, were referred to the first, second, and fourth tasks of the centers, and only 18% of the major functions were related to other tasks (11 cases). About 28% of the functions performed in such centers had no direct correlation with any of the 14 tasks. Conclusions: Despite the history of MED centers for several decades, they are not justified in respect to their duties. It is recommended that guidelines be developed to address all duties and adequately monitor their implementation.","PeriodicalId":34340,"journal":{"name":"Strides in Development of Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76083244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Impact of Courses on Islamic Education and Religious Concepts on the Promotion of Medical Ethics: A Case Study on the Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences","authors":"Ali Arefi, Mohammadreza Zangiabadi, Nima Soltani-Nejad, Rahimeh Khademipoor","doi":"10.5812/SDME.61568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/SDME.61568","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to the status of ethics in medical education and owing to the students’ talent and rational spirit, it seems that the education system, despite the emphasis on courses such as medical ethics, should focus on the improvement of teaching quality of Islamic education and explanation of religious concepts, since emphasis on increasing the quality of Islamic education leads to the promotion of medical ethics. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the impact of courses on Islamic education and religious concepts on the promotion of medical ethics among the students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Methods: The current descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 5831 students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences as the statistical population in the academic year of 2016 2017. Using the Morgan table, 360 subjects were selected as the study sample using stratified random sampling method. In order to collect data, a standard questionnaire, which its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, was used. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with AMOS software. Results: Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The models could explain the measurement indices, and based on the adopted method, the fitting indices of the measurement models showed the acceptability of the measurement models for Islamic education, religious concepts, and medical ethics. Conclusions: In addition to the content-related relationship with medical ethics, the Islamic education promotes ethics in the target community and has a direct impact on the education of medical ethics. Also, the explanation of religious concepts has a major impact on the promotion of the quality of medical ethics, since religious concepts, as students’ subjective presuppositions, help them to better understand the content of medical ethics. By the evaluation of the research hypotheses, a direct relationship was observed between the education of Islamic education and promotion of medical ethics. Accordingly, a relationship between the religious concepts and the promotion of medical ethics was also confirmed. The course of Islamic education has a lower impact on medical ethics compared with that of religious concepts. The attention paid by the medical education system to the results of data analysis leads to an increase in the quality of Islamic education course offered to the students.","PeriodicalId":34340,"journal":{"name":"Strides in Development of Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72389626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Professionalism Using Hidden Curriculum in an Internship Course: Account of Experiences of Undergraduate Students of Surgical Technology","authors":"S. Kalantary, M. Chehrehgosha, N. Shirazi, Mehri Behmadi, F. Mojarad, L. Jouybari","doi":"10.5812/SDME.65704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/SDME.65704","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical students are in direct contact with patients due to their clinical situation, and one of the important goals of medical education is professional development of these students. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explain students’ experiences regarding professionalism training using hidden cur-","PeriodicalId":34340,"journal":{"name":"Strides in Development of Medical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79607888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}