Journal of Advanced Joining Processes最新文献

{"title":"The effect of vacuum brazing time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4 V to 316 L dissimilar joint using BNi-2 filler metal","authors":"Milad Foumani,&nbsp;Homam Naffakh-Moosavy","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the distinct differences in physical and metallurgical properties, it is hard to join titanium alloys to stainless steels directly via conventional welding processes. In this research, the grade 5 titanium alloy was subjected to brazing with austenitic stainless steel through the vacuum furnace, and the process was conducted above the <em>β</em> transition temperature (BTT). In order to reduce brittle intermetallic formation, a nickel base filler metal (Ni-6.6Cr-4.5Si-3B) was employed under a vacuum condition, and the effect of time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints was investigated. The brazing temperature led to the thickening of the interface to 400 <em>µ</em>m, toward the titanium alloy, and the FeTi formed adjacent to the diffusion affected zone (DAZ). Moreover, the isothermal solidified zone (ISZ) widened during the whole process, which, led to higher dissolution of the titanium base metal in the ISZ. Because of the widening of the interfaces, there were no Ni-rich compounds or residual filler metal in this region. SEM result showed that TiB strengthening borides, which were distributed after 45 min, and this evolution caused an increase in the shear strength of the joint up to 67 MPa. Fractography analyses and XRD results of the fractured surfaces revealed that the Ti₂Ni phase, which formed in the athermaly solidified zone (ASZ) during a two-step solidification reaction, caused the brittle fracture in all joints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330923000389/pdfft?md5=0e438577d44be7eb650893bc666ab801&pid=1-s2.0-S2666330923000389-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of the S-N fatigue behaviour of adhesive joints","authors":"F.Castro Sousa ,&nbsp;P. Zamani ,&nbsp;A. Akhavan-Safar ,&nbsp;L.F.M. da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The complex fatigue failure mechanisms render it challenging to arrive at definitive conclusions regarding the behaviour of adhesive joints under cyclic loading. The goal of this review paper is to compile the various research conducted in this field and offer insights into the S-N fatigue response of adhesive joints. This review delves into experimental studies that investigate different factors influencing the fatigue life of bonded structures, encompassing joint geometry, environmental conditions, and loading conditions. Subsequently, the various approaches to improve the fatigue performance and durability of bonded joints are explored. It also examines S-N based life prediction methods, analysing their merits and limitations in assessing the fatigue life of adhesive joints under different conditions. In addition, this review pays attention to studies that focus on real bonded joints. It highlights the importance of bridging the gap between simplified conditions and real-world performance to ensure the durability and safety of bonded joints under service conditions.</p><p>The review demonstrates that factors such as adhesive/adherend thickness, fillet, and overlap shape (e.g., wavy pattern, step, scarf) do impact fatigue life. However, the critical role played by overlap length in the fatigue life of bonded joints stands out. Improving fatigue life through adjustments, such as adhesive/adherend thickness, depends on the specific case. Therefore, further investigations are warranted in this area. The review suggests that carbon nanoparticles can enhance bonded joint fatigue strength. Hybrid reinforcement with carbon and organic nanoparticles, like silica, offers a cost-effective path to improve joint life. Regarding life prediction, there is currently no universal fatigue model that considers all parameters impacting the fatigue life of adhesive joints. Fatigue analysis methods considered for real adhesive joints vary between sectors. Initial designs frequently employ indirect fatigue life assessment methods, yet direct fatigue analysis through testing actual joints remains essential for ensuring reliability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330923000407/pdfft?md5=27e90e4fe50e1ec7f6769f83da05d421&pid=1-s2.0-S2666330923000407-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138656116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-planar injection lap riveting","authors":"Miguel S.T. Sapage ,&nbsp;João P.M. Pragana ,&nbsp;Rui F.V. Sampaio ,&nbsp;Ivo M.F. Bragança ,&nbsp;Carlos M.A. Silva ,&nbsp;Paulo A.F. Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is focused on multi-planar hybrid busbars made from copper and aluminum for electric energy distribution systems. The objective is to provide an overview of its assembly by injection lap riveting in multidirectional tools and to compare the electrical performance of its joints against that of conventional (in-plane) busbars.</p><p>The injected lap riveted joints require a dovetail ring hole and a countersunk hole to be first machined in the overlapped copper and aluminum sheets and then to inject the semi-tubular rivets by compression through the lined-up holes in order to fix the sheets in position. In this work, the injection of the semi-tubular rivets was carried out in a laboratory multidirectional tool set that converts the vertical press stroke into two-orthogonal horizontal movements by means of cam slide units consisting of compression punch holders and sliding wedge actuators attached to the upper bolster.</p><p>Experimental results obtained for a multi-planar, three-conductor, rake-shaped elbow of a hybrid busbar system allow concluding that while the required compression force is proportional to the number of injected lap riveted joints, the electrical performance is non-proportional due to changes in the distribution of electric current density. Numerical simulation with finite elements gives support to the discussion and allows readers to recognize the pitfalls of designing busbar joints exclusively based on mechanical requirements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330923000377/pdfft?md5=1bcbfa1dff89476900d8d217f2c4be1b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666330923000377-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138564311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigations on microstructure and mechanical properties of wall structure of SS309L using wire-arc additive manufacturing","authors":"Rakesh Chaudhari ,&nbsp;Sakshum Khanna ,&nbsp;Jay Vora ,&nbsp;Vivek Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In present study, a wall structure of SS309L was constructed through Gas metal arc welding based Wire-arc additive manufacturing process. The wall structure of SS309L underwent investigation for microstructure and mechanical properties at three positions along the horizontal deposition direction. Mechanical assessments, including microhardness testing, impact testing, tensile testing, and fractography, were conducted at three positions of walls. Microstructure study has shown a fine granular structure in addition to colony of columnar dendrites in bottom section, a columnar dendrites in middle section, and a mix of dendritic structure with even coarser structures in top section. The mean microhardness values were observed to be 159 ± 4.21 HV, 162 ± 3.89 HV, and 168 ± 5.34 HV for the top, middle, and bottom sections, respectively. Results of impact testing for the wall structure indicated greater strength compared to wrought SS309L. The tensile strength of the built structure showed average values of yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation to be 409.33 ± 7.66 MPa, 556.66 ± 6.33 MPa, and 39.66 ± 2.33 %, respectively. In comparison, wrought 309 L steel typically exhibits tensile strengths in the range of 360–480 MPa for yield strength, 530–650 MPa for ultimate tensile strength, and 35–45 % elongation. Thus, the obtained tensile strength results for the wall structure fall within the range of tensile strength observed in wrought 309 L steel. Fractography of the tensile and impact specimens, as obtained through Scanning Electron Microscopy, revealed the superior ductility of the fabricated component. This study contributes valuable insights into the manufacturing of wall structure and their analysis regarding mechanical characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330923000341/pdfft?md5=ec7d4fe8830791dc9ac97ae69d603cbf&pid=1-s2.0-S2666330923000341-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138558503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of T-peel strength on functionally graded Al5083 and HDPE tri-laminated composites fabricated by colding-assisted friction stir additive manufacturing","authors":"Hadi Tagimalek,&nbsp;Masoud Mahmoodi","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Functionally graded composites offer impressive promise in overcoming the inherent weaknesses of Metal-polymer hybrid structures. In this study, functionally graded 5083 aluminum (Al5083) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tri-laminated composites were fabricated by colding-assisted friction stir additive manufacturing (CA-FSAM) and friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM). Functionally graded laminate composites have been used to overcome these drawbacks by varying the thickness of the raw laminate. The thickness changes in the user sheets were functionally 0.75 mm compared to the previous laminate. Finally, the initial sheets were transformed to three thicknesses: 3, 2.25, and 1.5 mm. The bond strength between the sheets was measured using the T-peel test. In the T-peel test, the initial crack length was 25 mm and the length of the weld zone was 111 mm. The results showed that the bond strength between the laminates improved with cooling after the CA-FSAM process. The bond strength is essentially determined by the amount of covalent bonding, which, in turn, is a function of the density on the treated surface. Dislocation forest at the surface of the tri-laminate composite can be considered a consequence of T-peel test. The joining mechanism could be ascribed to mechanical interlocking, adhesion bonding at the interface of the Al5083 alloy and HDPE polymer, and metal-chip reinforcement in HDPE of the stir zone. The maximum force (F_max) obtained in the FSAM and CA-FSAM specimens were 1057.58 and 1254.20 N, respectively. Average force of T-peel test (F_{avg peel}) obtained in the FSAM and CA-FSAM specimens was 984.36 and 1024.32 N, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330923000365/pdfft?md5=5bd1ab32a56c5b40933121d226c4a343&pid=1-s2.0-S2666330923000365-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the influence of joining processes on the vibration of structures","authors":"Pedro Millan ,&nbsp;A.Francisco G. Tenreiro ,&nbsp;João D.P. Amorim ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Kasaei ,&nbsp;Reza Beygi ,&nbsp;Jorge Ambrósio ,&nbsp;Lucas F.M. da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The joining of new and dissimilar materials in the transportation sector, to meet the demands for lighter structures, requires the use of alternative joining processes. However, it is not clear how different types of structural joints compare in terms of their contribution to the vibration and damping of structures. The present work aims to provide a comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis on the contribution of three structural joints – butt friction stir welding, single lap adhesive joint and hole hemmed joint – to the vibration and damping of two joined aluminium sheets. For this purpose, experimental analysis is performed to study the free-free vibration of the three structural joints. In addition, finite element models are developed to better understand the behaviour of these joints and discuss the challenges of the numerical modelling procedure. The first four natural frequencies, experimentally obtained for each structure, suggest that the adhesive joint has significantly higher natural frequencies, due to the thickness increase at overlap, while the hole hemmed joint presents the most significant contribution to damping, owing to sliding at the overlap region. The numerical models show a very good agreement with the experimental results in terms of the natural frequencies and mode shapes, with simple modelling providing accurate results. In conclusion, the main findings are that the adhesive joints allow for a stiffer structure, with the natural frequencies increasing with the overlap dimension, while hole hemming enhances damping. The butt-butt friction stir welding has a small effect on the structural behaviour, showing a similar dynamic stiffness and damping when compared to a solid sheet of the same dimension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330923000328/pdfft?md5=290fd94aebaf46678b32c17fb21c4c4e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666330923000328-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138490666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in understanding of multiple factors affecting vibration weld strength of thermoplastic polymers","authors":"Kamol Dey ,&nbsp;Anna Gobetti ,&nbsp;Giorgio Ramorino","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Joining is a key part of the manufacturing process including automobile, household appliances, aircraft manufacture, and medical sectors. Vibration welding (VW), also known as linear friction welding, is the most used technique to join thermoplastic components and composites mostly due to its simplicity, controllability, versatility of applications, and cost-effectiveness in terms of thermal efficiency, compared to conventional adhesive, mechanical fastening, and other fusion bonding techniques. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in understanding the multiple factors affecting vibration weld strength of thermoplastic polymers and their composites. The key process parameters such as weld pressure, frequency, amplitude and time are discussed along with their influence on weld strength of various materials. The effects of material characteristics like crystallinity, fiber reinforcement, and nanoparticles are summarized. Furthermore, the impact of joint design factors like thickness and geometry on mechanical performance is reviewed. The current challenges and future research directions for optimizing vibration weld strength through process, material, and design selections are highlighted. The overall goal is to present updated understanding on achieving strong vibration welded joints by considering the complex interplay between processing, structure, and properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330923000262/pdfft?md5=b94e4878bff09d64a0d5c331e2433dbe&pid=1-s2.0-S2666330923000262-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134656125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of aluminium solid self-piercing rivets for joining aluminium sheets by material and geometric modification","authors":"Felix Holleitner ,&nbsp;Karina Nowak ,&nbsp;Thomas Nehls ,&nbsp;Normen Fuchs ,&nbsp;Michael Reich ,&nbsp;Knuth-Michael Henkel","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Because of their excellent lightweight properties, aluminium alloys are processed in industries across the mobility sector. A suitable and efficient process for joining structural components made of aluminium sheet metal is solid self-piercing riveting (SSPR). It eliminates the need for time-consuming preparatory work, such as the insertion of pilot holes, while making the joining process highly automatable.</p><p>Due to the process technology, the rivet itself first acts as a punching tool and then as a fastener to transfer the load of the joint. This leads to high requirements for the rivet in terms of strength and ductility.</p><p>In this paper, a new rivet design will be presented that focuses on adjusting the rivet geometry, as well as the material, to enable sufficient functionality in the installation and operational phase. Consequently, aluminium sheet metal can be joined in a wider range of applications using aluminium-based SSPR. With this newly developed aluminium rivet, it is possible to join the aluminium alloy EN AW-6111 PX, which is widely used in the automotive industry, up to a total sheet thickness of 3.1 mm for the first time. This development contributes to aluminium-based lightweight structures and ensures a good recyclability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330923000237/pdfft?md5=e6203df3e494d1370d14a12466019e92&pid=1-s2.0-S2666330923000237-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72286605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissimilar joining of carbon steel, pure nickel and aluminum alloys by center-driven double-sided linear friction welding","authors":"Tetsuro Ito,&nbsp;Masayoshi Kamai,&nbsp;Takuya Miura,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Morisada,&nbsp;Hidetoshi Fujii","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a center-driven double-sided linear friction welding (LFW) process was employed to join three dissimilar materials: A7075-T6, S45C, and pure Ni. High pressure was applied to the A7075-T6 side, as it was intended to be joined at a low temperature, while low pressure was applied to the S45C side, which needed to be joined at a high temperature. By setting the applied pressure on the A7075-T6 side to 300 MPa, which corresponds to the intersection in the graph of the strength dependence of A7075-T6 and pure Ni on temperature, the joint with a joining efficiency of 92% was obtained. SEM and TEM observations were carried out on the joint, confirming the absence of the welding defects at both the A7075-T6/Ni and Ni/S45C interfaces. A thin intermetallic compound layer of approximately 100 nm thick was formed at the A7075-T6/Ni interface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330923000274/pdfft?md5=53710b85b59da9fd0b31a4cd7c45f85a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666330923000274-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138471661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric performance of hybrid busbar joints under service and high voltage conditions","authors":"G.R. Prieto ,&nbsp;J.P.M. Pragana ,&nbsp;R.F.V. Sampaio ,&nbsp;I.M.F. Bragança ,&nbsp;C.M.A. Silva ,&nbsp;P.A.F. Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is focused on hybrid busbar joints with a twofold objective of understanding the differences in electrical resistance under service conditions and evaluating their performance when subjected to hazardous high voltages. Three different types of joints fabricated by conventional bolting, friction stir spot welding and injection lap riveting are selected and two different experimental setups are used to allow the hybrid busbars to be tested up to high voltage electrical discharges of 30 kV. The work is an enhancement of previous experimental and numerical investigations of the authors in the field with results showing no signs of damage or catastrophic failure when the different types of busbars are subjected to high voltage electrical discharges. Results also confirm the good overall performance and advantages of injection lap riveted hybrid busbar joints against bolted and friction stir spot welded.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330923000316/pdfft?md5=618c195c2edfa5bdfb611a4745257a17&pid=1-s2.0-S2666330923000316-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138558996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}