Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies最新文献

{"title":"A Look at Yuri Bondarev in Turkey from Past to Present","authors":"Badegül Can Emir, H. Saraç","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2021.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.210","url":null,"abstract":"Yuri Vasilyevich Bondarev is one of the well-known names of 20th century Russian literature, and he is one Russian writer familiar to Turkish readers. A successful author of war prose, Bondarev attracted the attention of the Turkish audience with a wide range of literary works which includes novels, novellas, short stories, poems, articles, essays, interviews, etc. In this respect, the years in which he produced writings on the universal theme of war have an important place in Turkish politics. Bondarev began to be published in Turkey during the politization process following the military coup (1980) and he continued to be present in Turkey until the day he died. Especially in the 80’s when he was adopted as a war prose writer he was a guide for left-wing people in the struggle after the events of September 12. It is worth noting that the recent significant increase of interest in Bondarev’s work among Turkish linguists and philologists indicates that he is popular with the Turkish reader no less than the recognized classics of Russian literature. In this article, Bondarev’s position in Turkey from past to present will be analyzed in view of the studies on him in Turkish press and literature, and it will be emphasized that the author engrossed the Turkish reader with his artistic expertise and the ideology relayed through his works.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"63 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114130923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies of Cultural and Pragmatic Adaptation of Karachay-Balkarian Children Fairy Tales in Translation: The Limits of What is Possible and Permissible (Based on Translations of Karachay-Balkarian Fairy Tales into Russian and English)","authors":"N. Timko","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2022.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.109","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of this study is due to the growing interest in translations of fairy tales of small peoples and methods of linguistic and cultural translation of the content of the text in the process of translation. The work is interdisciplinary in nature and is at the intersection of cultural linguistics, folklore studies, comparative linguistics, and translation. The aim of the work is to determine how information about the values of the Karachay-Balkarian linguoculture is verbalized in the texts of fairy tales in the Karachay-Balkarian language, as well as to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of strategies of linguocultural adaptation (explication or elimination of national color) of this type of text into Russian and English. To solve the set tasks, two complementary research methods were used: an introspective method, oriented to the process (the author’s translation of five Karachay-Balkarian fairy tales into English), and the traditional method of retrospective analysis for translation studies by comparing the originals of Karachay-Balkarian fairy tales and their published translations into Russian. The material for this study was the Collection of Karachay-Balkarian fairy tales and legends, the Collection of Karachay-Balkarian fairy tales (transl. by A. Alieva, A. Kholayev, 1983), the Collection of Karachay fairy tales (transl. by I. Rumyantseva, 1981), the Collection of folk tales of Balkarians and Karachays (transl. by A. Alieva, A. Kholayev, 2003). The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the Karachay-Balkarian fairy tale as a cultural narrative of the people is considered in the aspect of translation criticism. The translation of such tales is conditioned by both a culturally specific plot and the form that is its basis - cultural details, peculiarities of mentality, expressed in language and constituting a special axiological background of the Karachai-Balkarian fairy tale. When translating, a significant part of these formal elements can be neutralized by translators for the sake of children’s perception (use of analogues in the target text, omission, deliberate domestication of the source text), which, however, leads to the loss of the main thing - the national and cultural originality of the source text. When explicating the cultural characteristics, the translator makes the reader familiar with the national flavor of another culture, however, at the same time, some excessive culturally specific information is transferred into the target text, which can cause misunderstanding or distorted perception on the part of the child reader (for example, the topic of polygamy and the peculiarities of the distribution of roles in family). In this regard, a balanced approach to the choice of the optimal strategy for the cultural and pragmatic adaptation of fairy tale texts during translation is necessary: the translator’s decision to explicate or eliminate national cultural specificity is of a compromise nat","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114176950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsheathing Poet’s Sword Again: The Crusades in Arabic Anticolonial Poetry before 1948","authors":"O. Sokolov","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2022.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.211","url":null,"abstract":"Both Arab and Western scholars agree that, starting in the mid-20th century, the correlation of Western Europeans with the Crusaders and the extrapolation of the term “Crusade” to modern military conflicts have become an integral part of modern Arab political discourse, and are also widely reflected in Arab culture. The existence of works examining references to the theme of the Crusades in Arab social thought, politics, and culture of the second half of the 20th century contrasts with the almost complete absence of specialized studies devoted to the analysis of references to this historical era in Arab culture in the 19th century and first half of the 20th. An analysis of references to the era of the Crusades in the work of Arab poets before 1948 shows that, already in the period of the Arab Revival, this topic occupied an important place in the imagery of anti-colonial poetry, and not only in Egypt, Syria, and Palestine, historically attacked by the Crusaders, but also in other regions of the Arab world. If, before World War I, Arab poets only praised the commanders of the past who defeated the Crusaders, then afterwards the theme of the Crusades was also used to liken the European colonialists to the “medieval Franks”. The authors of the poems containing images from the era of the Crusades were, among others, the participants of the Arab Uprising of 1936–1939 and the Arab-Israeli War of 1947–1949, who set their goal with the help of poetry to mobilize the masses for the struggle.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"81 2-3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116588465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erzhenzhuan: A Reflection of Shamanistic Culture in the Folk Art of Northeast China","authors":"Hui Yang, A. Borisova","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2023.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.112","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the actual problems of the inheritance of the ethnic traditions of shamanic culture in the modern song and storytelling dance art of the genre of comedy miniatures Erzhenzhuan of northeast China, which have preserved elements of the culture of shamanism in traditional art. In China, the term shaman first appeared in the historiography of the Southern Song Dynasty (南宋) over 800 years ago. Shamanism in a broad sense is a multicultural tradition, and at the same time integrates various ethnic cultures, including folk beliefs, traditional medicine, etc. Erzhenzhuan (二人转) is a folk song and storytelling dance art, when performers sing, tell and dance at the same time. In this case, the dance of the sorcerer in shamanism developed into a unique form of Erzhenzhuan folk art as a secularization of religious classics. Later, the sorcerer’s dance became the Balaman dance (巴拉莽式舞), the Balaman dance became the Yangge (秧歌), the Yangge became the Erzhenzhuan. The article traces the history of the development of the Erzhenzhuan style as a folk art with strong local characteristics. Erzhenzhuan was first recognized by the national literary and artistic circles of China in the fifties of the 20th century. The first Erzhenzhuan program was presented by the northeastern delegation of the People’s Republic of China. Very interesting are the original ways of performing songs, storytelling and dancing, such as Danchutou (单出头) and Lachansi (拉场戏). The transformation of the shamanic attire into the modern costume of Erzhenzhuan performers is interesting. The following describes the musical accompaniment of sacred prayers preserved from shamanic sacrificial songs. At present, Erzhenzhuan is not only flourishing in the northeast of China, but also popular with the entire Chinese people. Erzhenzhuan is now becoming more famous in the rest of China because many Erzhenzhuan performers appear on television and star in TV series. In the process of research, it is supposed to determine that in Erzhenzhuan there is an influence of the culture of shamanism on the costumes of performers, song, storytelling and dance art in a conceptually fused syncretic form.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129488780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophet Sulaymān in Classical Persian Poetry: Semantics and Structure of the Image","authors":"A. Moiseeva","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2020.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2020.306","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses structure, semantic content, and functioning of the image of the Qur’anic prophet Sulaymān (Biblical Solomon) in Persian medieval poetry. Analysis of the poetic material leads to a conclusion about the main spheres of application of this image and its semantic connotations both in eulogistic and religious-mystical poetry. The article defines the main motifs of the Qur’anic story of this prophet that became a part of Persian poetic tradition and how they relate to the various themes that poets touch upon. For instance, motives of Sulaymān’s power over winds and demons, as well as images of his throne and the ring that gave him that power, were used primarily in eulogies when poets compared their patrons to the legendary king. A special place in Sufi poetry is occupied by the image of the hoopoe and the motif of the bird’s language that reveal topics of a disciple-mentor relationship and leadership in the path of mystical knowledge. As a global characteristic of Sulaymān’s image, we can outline its ambivalence which has its roots in the biblical narrative, where along with wisdom one can find mention of Solomon’s arrogance. Further exegetical tradition speaks of dethronement of Sulaymān by a demon as a punishment for arrogance. Later on, these themes can be found in Persian literature in the form of motifs of humility and frailty of the earthly life, which gained special meaning in the context of didactic and mystical poetry.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130518195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The History of the Andijan Branch of the Russian-Asian Commercial Bank","authors":"Bakhtier A. Alimjanov","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2019.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2019.301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123617262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The “Shi‘a factor” in Nigeria’s Public and Political Life (1994-2020): Domestic and International Dimensions","authors":"N. Ivkina, O. Chikrizova","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2022.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.309","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the influence of the Shi‘a factor on public and political life of Nigeria, the state in which the phenomenon of transformation of the religious (and more specifically, Islamic) field has been observed in the past few decades due to the growing diversity of movements and sects. In turn, the emergence of new communities contributes to the radicalization of the Islamist discourse in Nigeria and the exacerbation of intercommunal contradictions (between Sufis and Salafis, Salafis and Shiʻites). The authors identify the prerequisites and reasons for the growth in the number of followers of Shi‘a Islam in Nigeria, mainly among the Hausa people, features of political movements with Shi‘a ideology, as well as the role of Nigeria in the global Saudi-Iranian confrontation. The authors resorted to a behavioral approach and comparative analysis of the social base of the Shi‘a organization Islamic Movement of Nigeria and the Salafi Jamaʻat Izala al-Bidʻa wa Ikamat al-Sunna (Society for the Eradication of Innovation and Implementation of the Sunna). It was revealed that the key reason for the radicalization of Nigerian Muslims (living mainly in the north) was the penetration of alien ideologies into the country - radical Salafism and the political aspects of Shi‘a Islam. This was a consequence of Nigeria falling into the focus of Riyadh and Tehran, which arefighting for leadership in the Islamic world. It was established that in the case of Nigeria, Iran is inferior to Saudi Arabia, which has more significant financial capabilities and a network of non-governmental associations and foundations that promote the interests of official Riyadh in West Africa. One of the key areas where the Saudi-Iranian confrontation for the “minds and hearts” of Nigerian Muslims is unfolding is Islamic education.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124461744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hidden Meanings and Poetic Features of the Treatise “Činggis-un yisün örlüg-tei öničin köbegün-ü čečelegsen šastir”","authors":"G. Galbayar, Maria P. Petrova","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2022.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.307","url":null,"abstract":"The extant variants of the now-lost treatise Činggis-un yisün örlüg-tei önöčin köbegün-ü čečelegsen šastir are attested in the 17th-18th century Mongolian historical chronicles Altan Tobči / The Golden Chronicle (1655) by Lubsangdanjin and the Bolor Erike / “Crystal Rosary” / (1774-1775) by Rasipungsug. This article addresses the history of transmission, translations, and studies of this text, and demonstrates that the Činggis-un yisün örlüg-tei öničin köbegün-ü čečelegsen šastir is not merely an account of Chinggis Khan’s discussion with his nine high officials about the benefits and evils of alcohol, but contains deeper hidden meanings. Specifically, this paper offers the following four findings: First, based on comparison with Mongolian historical sources, this paper clarifies the origins of Chinggis Khan’s nine high officials, how they befriended Chinggis Khan, their merits and accomplishments, and their deaths. Based on these sources, we have determined that the events described in the Činggis-un yisün örlüg-tei öničin köbegün-ü čečelegsen šastir date to 1206-1207. Second, this paper discusses the hidden meaning that Bo’orchu, Muqali, Boqorul, Jebe, who wish to abstain from alcohol and diligently perform their duties, befriended Chinggis Khan in their childhood without seeking any benefit, were fully trustworthy officials, whereas Sorqan-Shira, Jelme, Yelü Chucai, Qara Kiru and Shigi-Qutuqu - who, in their own words, wish to drink alcohol and revel - befriended Chinggis Khan later out of self-benefit, and were untrustworthy officials. Third, the paper discusses the symbolism of the order of the speakers’ words on alcohol as it relates to the ranks of Chinggis Khan’s officials, as well as Mongolian cultural symbolism relating to directions. Fourth, based on the debate in the text between the orphan boy, wise nobleman Chindagha, and Chinggis Khan, this paper discusses the fact that one reason Chinggis Khan’s state was powerful is that he listened to average people and he was able to reflect their ideas in national affairs. Fifth, this paper demonstrates that the text retains important features of deep hidden meaning and poetic verse characteristic of 13th century Mongolian literature.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124504311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The Tale of an Old Geisha” in Okamoto Kanoko’s Writings","authors":"T. I. Breslavets","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2019.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2019.206","url":null,"abstract":"В 1938 г. Окамото Каноко создала повесть «История старой гейши» («Рогисё»). Это произведение, в котором в качестве главной героини представлен образ пожилой женщины, независимой, обладающей благородством, креативной силой и страстью. «Рогисё» — это история гейши в отставке. Изображая представительницу известной древней профессии, японская писательница раскрывает ее гендерный аспект, затрагивает социокультурные вопросы, актуальные в андроцентрическом обществе (в котором глубинная культурная традиция сводит общечеловеческую субъективность к единой мужской норме, репрезентируемой как универсальная объективность, а иные субъективности, прежде всего женская, представляются как маргинальные). Социальная принадлежность героини определяет и дискурс повествования. Гейша выступила покровителем подающего надежды изобретателя Юки. Однако он не оправдал ее ожиданий, оказался ненадежным и слабым человеком. В этом произведении, обладающем признаками традиционного западного «романа воспитания», автор искусно описал материнские чувства. Героиня направляет свою энергию на опеку Юки и своей приемной дочери Митико, чтобы ощутить полноту чувств, которые ей не удалось испытать ранее в жизни, однако она остается в одиночестве. Нарциссические и демонические мотивы, характеризующие художественную палитру писательницы, вплетаются в сложный психологический рисунок индивидуальных характеров в повести, несущих черты доминантности или виктимности. Эмпатия стала основой поведения героини, преодолевающей собственный демонический элемент. Исследуемое произведение отличается лапидарностью и дискретностью нарратива, насыщенного скрытыми значениями, аллегориями, коннотациями. Ключевые слова: современная японская литература, гейша, нарциссизм, демонический мотив, аллегория.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132373678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Chinese Animalistic Prose on the Example of Gerel-Сhimeg Black Crane’s Novel Black Flame","authors":"O. Rodionova","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2021.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.202","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the themes, images, and artistic features of the animalistic novel Black Flame (2006) by the Chinese writer of Mongolian origin Gerel-Сhimeg Black Сrane’s. The general and comparative analysis of the novel not only reveals the peculiarities of the author’s individual style, but also characterizes the general trends in the development of animalistic prose in China and abroad. Respect for the laws of nature, as well as the theme of love and devotion of an animal to man, run through the entire novel Black Flame as red threads. A characteristic feature of the work is the combination of scientific and artistic styles. Such qualities of the writer as truthfulness and subtle understanding of animal psychology are also remarkable. Among the features of Black Crane’s artistic style, one can note the poetic language enriched with original metaphors and epithets. Instead of the usual narration of the characters’ actions, Gerel-Chimeg focuses on the physical and mental sensations evoked by these actions and transmitted to the readers. The writer does not humanize animals, nevertheless, he manages to penetrate their inner world through the use of a rich arsenal of smells, sounds and even tactile sensations. Today, Gerel-Chimeg is an original and iconic figure among Chinese writers of this genre. The article emphasizes that animalistic literature of such a level plays an important role both in the study of the wild world as well as in the education of humanity in people. The novel Black Flame not only enriches our knowledge of nature and animals of northern and western China, but also evokes a powerful emotional response from the readers.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133928863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}