Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College最新文献

{"title":"Effect of chronic restraint stress on body weight of male Sprague Dawley rats","authors":"Sadia Moazzam, I. Mughal, Noor-ul-ain Irfan, Ilqa Attique, Fareeha Zaheer, Asma Irfan","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1848","url":null,"abstract":"Background: \u0000Stress disturbs body weight and food intake, but the core mechanisms are not well understood. \u0000 \u0000Study design:  Experimental  \u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: \u0000The study was conducted in  National  Institute  of  Health  (NIH),  Islamabad Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats (mean wt 250 ± 50 grams) were used and divided into 2 groups.  \u0000Each group comprised of 30 rats.  \u0000Group I was taken as control. Group II was exposed to chronic stress. \u0000Results: \u0000The comparison of weight gain by the different groups disclosed that there was a significant decrease in weight gain of rats exposed to the chronic stress as compared to control group.  \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: \u0000Chronic restraint stress has a detrimental effect on body weight.  ","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47118256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of E-Learning, Perception and Attitude among Students and Faculty following the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Syed Hamza Zia, Ghina Rizwan, Afifa Ehsan, Zarnab Rizwan, R. Masood, N. Umer","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1922","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The Novel coronavirus disease has grasped the world as one of the most devastating pandemics of recent times. Many efforts such as social distancing was made to cut down the spread of the virus in its early days and restrictions were followed by numerous countries worldwide which resulted in serious hurdles in all sectors of our daily lives such as education, financial and social activities. This study was conducted to evaluate the implications of E-Learning and its future use by students and faculty members following the pandemic restrictions.\u0000Material and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey that was distributed online among students and faculty members belonging to medical and non-medical programs across universities in major cities of Pakistan.\u0000Results: Of the total 476 responses, it was evident that the majority of the students were not satisfied with the learning experience that virtual classrooms provided. Concerning clinical and practical skills, a majority agreed that the online teaching method is not an effective way to develop essential skills.\u0000Conclusion: Online education may be a necessary technological advancement needed in the field of education, but as concluded from the results of this study there is a disagreement about virtual classrooms being an effective medium of learning. It is also inconvenient to develop appropriate practical and clinical skills using E-learning as a medium.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49660511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF INFECTION CONTROL AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN ISLAMIC INTERNATIONAL DENTAL HOSPITAL,RIPHAH","authors":"U. Rao, Abdul Razaq Khan, Zarnab Rizwan, Ghina Rizwan, Syed Hamza Zia","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1937","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices among  dental practitioners at a dental hospital in Islamabad. \u0000Materials and methods: This study consisted of 147 participants. The questionnaire had 21 questions related to vaccination status, barrier techniques infection control practices and awareness. The questionnaire was distributed through Google forms to the participants after taking consent from them. The data was analyzed and tabulated through SPSS version 23. \u0000Result: Out of 147, 123 participants responded to our questionnaire. 75.6% of the participants were vaccinated against hepatitis B and 87.8% regularly wash their hands before and after dental treatment.100% of the participants wore and change gloves after each patient. In current study the senior dental practitioners had a relatively poor mean score(4.1%) in terms of knowledge, attitude and practice scores regarding infection control as compared to house officers and fresh graduates (59%). 1) \u0000Conclusion: The infection control knowledge, attitude and practices among  dental practitioners was better, however there is room for improvement in compliance and knowledge in the dental health care workers.  More knowledge about infection control measures should be provided to the  dental practitioners, moreover efforts are needed to improve the attitude and practice of the dental  practitioners towards infection control at Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad. ","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46655430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Findings of Blood Cultures in Febrile Children Presenting with Thalassemia Major in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Itrat Fatima, Wafia Affan, Hira Hameed, Wajeeha Amber, Sumbal Saeed, I. Khan","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1881","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess status of bacterial pathogens in thalassemia major patients presenting with fever in a tertiary care hospital \u0000Methods: \u0000A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at –removed for blind review---from November, 2020 to October, 2021 in which 102 patients of thalassemia major who presented with fever and were suspicious of having septicemia were enrolled. Their demographic characteristics and pathological findings were noted in this study. Standardized approach was followed for blood withdrawal and sample collection required for performing blood cultures. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 21. \u0000Results: \u0000Females were in majority. Total 57 (56.0%) of patients had positive blood culture. The most frequent bacterial pathogen was Klebsiella pneumonia 13 (12.7%), followed by E-coli 11 (10.7%), staphylococcus aureus 7 (6.8%), pseudomonas 8 (7.8%) and streptococcus type pathogens 6 (5.8%). \u0000Conclusion: \u0000Positive culture findings were high in the thalassemia major patients who presented with fever.  ","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47528992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FREQUENCY OF OCULAR SYMPTOMS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS","authors":"M. Zubair, Nida Hafeez, Wajeeha Rasool, K. Abbasi, Ain Us Seher, F. A. Niazi","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1883","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the frequency of ocular symptoms in COVID 19 patients and its association with systemic symptoms in active COVID 19 patients.  \u0000Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients who were admitted in isolation wards for a period from Dec 16, 2020 to Jan 15, 2021. A structured form was used to extract the data from electronic medical records. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, systemic signs and symptoms, ocular symptoms, past medical history, RT-PCR and chest radiographic findings. \u0000Results: A total of 44 patients (30 (68.2%) males and 14 (31.82%) females) were admitted to the isolation wards during the study period. The mean age (+ SD) age was 55.75 + 14.53 with median range 57.50 (14-92). Age <30 years i.e. 4.5%, 30-50 i.e. 27.3% and >50 i.e. 68.2%.Ocular symptoms were present in 17 patients (38.6%).  \u0000Conclusion: \u0000We conclude from our study that Ocular symptoms were present in 17 patients (38.6%) out of 44 (Total number of patients) However, these symptoms were mild, had no fixed pattern of occurrence, neither associated with the severity of the systemic disease nor associated with any serious ocular outcome ","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47610848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Fathers’ Expressed Emotions in Psychopathology and Social-Emotional Competence in Adolescents","authors":"Shammem Akhtar, Fatima Ali Raza Mughal","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1956","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To study the role of fathers’ expressed emotions in psychopathology and social-emotional competence in adolescents.\u0000Methods: Through observational research design a study was conducted in the district Gujrat Pakistan from July 2020 to march 2021.As the inclusion criteria of the study was to include adolescents whose age range was 12 to 19 and the only fathers included whose children were adolescents. So the purposive sampling technique was used and five hundred adolescents were selected from different colleges and schools, five hundred fathers of same adolescents   approached from the community and their working places. For this purpose Parental Expressed Emotions Scale 1 was used and to assess the psychopathology (Social anxiety) and social-emotional competence in adolescents, Social Anxiety Scale,2 and Social Emotional-Competence Scale 3 were used and data was analyzed by using SPSS-21.\u0000Results: A total of 500 adolescents selected for study whose age range was from 12-19 years 4 and mean age of 16 years. In which 229 (46%) were boys and 271 (54%) were girls. Simple linear regression was used to see the effects of father expressed emotions in psychopathology and social-emotional competence in adolescents. Results showed significant difference in negative and positive expressed emotions of father. Father’ expressed emotions of critical comments caused 56%and hostility 64% predictor of social anxiety in adolescents. On the other hand father emotional -over involvement caused 11% warmth 37% and positive remarks 17% increase in social-emotional competence of adolescents.\u0000Conclusion: Father expressed emotions found to be significant predictor of social anxiety and social-emotional competence in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48390727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FREQUENCY OF NEONATAL SEPSIS AMONG NEONATES PRESENTING WITH SEIZURES","authors":"A. Imran, S. Rehman, Imran Qadir, Kainaat Sheikh, Romana Bibi, Muhammad Idrees","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1769","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: \u0000Neonatal seizures may be the first and sometimes the only clinical symptom of neonatal central nervous system disease. Neonatal seizures may indicate an underlying treatable cause. Therefore, the identification of neonatal seizures is important in the management of high-risk newborns. \u0000OBJECTIVE: \u0000To determine the frequency of neonatal sepsis among neonates presenting with seizures. \u0000Settings: Department of child health, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. \u0000Duration: 6 months 13/10/2018 to 13/4/2019. \u0000Study Design: Descriptive (cross sectional) study. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: \u0000In this study a total of 195 patients were observed. All neonates were subjected to detailed clinical examination like general physical, neurological examination and detail systemic examination and complete set of baseline investigations. From all neonates, 5cc of venous blood was obtained under strict aseptic technique and was sent to hospital laboratory for measuring the TLC, Absolute neutrophil count, CRP and platelet count to confirm the presence or absence of neonatal sepsis.  \u0000RESULTS: \u0000In this study mean age was 10 days with standard deviation ±8.36. Fifty eight percent neonates were male while 42% neonates were female. More over the 42% neonates had neonatal sepsis while 58% neonates didn’t had neonatal sepsis. \u0000CONCLUSION: \u0000Our study concludes that the frequency of neonatal sepsis was 42% among neonates presenting with seizures. ","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44649888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with seropositivity of Hepatitis B & C: A case control study at Azad Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"M. A. Quddus, Arslan Shahzad, Rukhsana Munawar, Rizwan Saeed Kiani, Humayun Mumtaz, R. Tahir","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1761","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with seropositivity of hepatitis B and C at Azad Jammu and Kashmir \u0000STUDY DESIGN: Case Control study. \u0000SETTING AND DURATION: Department of Gastroenterology Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital/ AK Combined Military Hospital Rawalakot, from 1s tJanuary 2021 to 30th June 2021.\u0000METHODOLOGY: This study involved 173 patients suffering from Hepatitis B or C.144 age and gender matched healthy controls was enrolled from within the hospital. Detailed socio-demographic proforma was filled by both the cases and controls which included all the relevant factors. Pearson chi-square test was applied to look for statistically significant difference in factors associated with seropositivity of hepatitis B and C among cases and controls. \u0000RESULTS:  A totalof 317 participants were included in the study. 144 were healthy controls and 173 were patients suffering from hepatitis B and C. 149 (86.1%) had hepatitis C while 24 (13.9%) had hepatitis B. Mean age of the study participants were 36.95±3.19 years. Marital status, positive family history of hepatitis B and C and history of surgery or dental procedure had statistically significant relationship with seropositivity of Hepatitis B and C (p-value<0.05) \u0000CONCLUSION: Individuals who were married or had anybody in family positive for hepatitis B and C were more at risk of having these infections. In this study dental procedures, surgeries and family history of these infections have highest incidence of risk factors associated with HCV & HBV infections ","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42536232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Dexmedetomidine by Improving Sleep Quality and Pain Control in Covid-19 Patients","authors":"Maliha Khalid, Faheem Feroze, Saad bin Qamar, Naseem Abbas, S. Farooq, A. Siddiqui","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1952","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the effective role of Dexmedetomidine as a sedative and analgesic agent in Covid-19 patients when used in conjunction with the established treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. \u0000INTRODUCTION: Covid-19 disease is a deadly contagious disease with milder symptoms to a more severe form with acute respiratory failure, septic shock leading to even death. Literature study shows High Flow Nasal Oxygen therapy and prolonged prone position sessions to be beneficial in the treatment of ARDS, however, to facilitate those sessions, a sedative and anxiolytic agent must be added in the treatment. Therefore, this study was conducted to document the beneficial role of dexmedetomidine as a sedative agent. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Retrospective observational study which included 150 PCR positive patients admitted in Covid ITC, from 1st February 2021 to 31st July 2021 residing in the premises of PAF Air Base, Mushaf, Sargodha. Data was analyzed using SPSS software.  \u0000RESULTS: Out of 150 patients, 120 (80%) were treated with High Flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO), Dexmedetomidine infusion (DEXME) and long periods of prone position (PP) sessions. Among these 120 patients, 88 (73.3%) were discharged while 32 (26.67%) patients died of which 7 (21.875%) died while being on HFNO therapy and 25 (78.125%) patients were intubated. DEXME infusion was found to have a positive outcome (P-value <0.005) in the treatment of moderate to severe ARDS. \u0000CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that DEXME infusion is beneficial in moderate to severe ARDS caused by SARS-CoV2  when given along with HFNO therapy and prolonged PP sessions, thereby, avoiding intubation.  ","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41956677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Breast-Feeding Initiation Using Point of Care Quality Improvement Model at Tertiary Care Hospital in AJK","authors":"Aftab Hussain Khan, M. Khan, Abrar Akbar, Sehrish Mumtaz, Y. Abbasi, Lubna Meraj","doi":"10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v27i1.1950","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Urgency and solely utility of breast feeding for six months is better for the provision of a healthy start to newborn and reduces infant mortality and morbidity. The prevalence of late lactation and other ways to formula or animal milk feeding the neonate in Pakistan is often observed other than the WHO recommendations. Early initiation of breast feeding is one of the indicators to express quality of Care in Maternal, and newborn Health. Among many approaches, point of care Quality improvement initiative (POCQI) is a simplified tool for learning the basics of quality improvement in the health care facilities. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of early initiation of breastfeeding among mothers in a tertiary care hospital in AJK, where POCQI has been piloted. \u0000Methods: A quality improvement, cross sectional study before and after the implementation of POCQI model on two independent samples was carried out from August to November 2019. A total of 100 women (50 before intervention and 50 after intervention) who delivered neonates of 0-7 day’s age were included in study by using non-probability convenience sampling technique. The relevant information was gathered by using questionnaire. Mothers who did not start breast feeding within first hour did not receive any health education during antenatal visits. such women lack knowledge about benefits of colostrum. Hence an intervention was introduced by Researcher jointly in collaboration with POCQI team of the hospital by using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle. Slogans and health education messages for promotion of early initiation of breast feeding were developed and message was spread to pregnant mothers who visited hospital for antenatal care or came for delivery in labor room. \u0000Results: A total of 100 women (50 before intervention and 50 after intervention) who delivered newborn babies of 0-7 day’s age were selected purposively. Before POCQI intervention out of fifty only eleven (22 %) women breastfed their new born within one hour after birth. After POCQI intervention, out of fifty, thirty-seven women (74%) exclusive breastfed their new born within one hour. Thus, total increase in term of percentage was 54%. \u0000CONCLUSION: The study gives evidence for more needs to enhance breastfeeding uptake in AJK. The prevalence of EIBS was low before implementation of POCQI model but it improved significantly after its application","PeriodicalId":34174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44148290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}