Egyptian Journal of Bronchology最新文献

{"title":"Acute phase reactants in non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia","authors":"Yosri Akl, Ahmed Elkomy, Eman Kamal Ibrahim","doi":"10.1186/s43168-023-00234-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00234-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Acute phase reactants (APR) are markers of inflammation that could be applied for the assessment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) severity in association with various pneumonia severity scores. So, the aim of the study was to assess levels of APR such as total leucocytic count (TLC), platelets, neutrophils, neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), CRP, D-dimer, ferritin, and ESR in patients with CAP and to correlate between their values and disease severity. Methodology The study included 51 patients diagnosed as non-COVID-19 (CAP). Patients were classified into two groups group A (pneumonia only) and group B (pneumonia complicated with empyema/complicated para-pneumonic effusion). All patients underwent clinical evaluation, CURB65, radiological assessment, and blood sampling to measure APR. Results The mean age of patients was 47 ± 17 years. The main symptoms were productive cough (90.2%) and Fever (92.2%).TLC, platelets, neutrophils, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin, and ESR were elevated than normal values. Significant positive correlations were found between the duration of fever and CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin with p values = 0.024, 0.012, and 0.034 respectively. Significant positive correlations were found between CURB65 and both CRP and ferritin with p values = 0.007 and 0.020. A significant increase in platelet count and ESR values was found in group B than in group A. Conclusion APR are important markers that can be used in the assessment of CAP in collaboration with clinical evaluation and severity scores. CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin were positively correlated with CURB65, while ESR and platelets could be considered predictors of the development of complications. Trial registration Retrospectively registered, registration number NCT05926089 , date of registration is 06/29/2023.","PeriodicalId":34128,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Bronchology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic role of C2PAC index in cases of sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC)","authors":"Mohamed Shaaban Mousa, Salwa Hassan Ahmed, Fatma Abdel Wahab Abdel Maksoud, Soliman Belal Soliman, Ahmed A. Tantawy","doi":"10.1186/s43168-023-00235-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00235-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background To study the potential role of the C2PAC index (a ratio of soluble type C lectin-like receptor 2 level sCLEC-2 and platelet count) in sepsis-induced coagulopathy with the possibility of using this index as an early predictor in sepsis and sepsis-induced coagulopathy. Methods Our case–control study included a total of 86 participants divided into 2 groups: group I is the case group consisting of 56 patients of sepsis or septic shock and group II (control group) of 30 healthy persons: sex and age-matched healthy individuals. All patients were subjected to assessment of C lectin domain family 2 receptor (sCLEC2), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELIZA kit, then C2PAC index (a ratio of soluble type C lectin-like receptor 2 level sCLEC-2 and platelet count) was calculated using the platelet count. Results Our study demonstrated that sCLEC-2 levels and C2PAC in group I were higher than in group II ( p value < 0.001), and Klebsiella was the most common organism detected in ICU septic patients; detected in 25 patients (44.6%), there is a statistical significance ( p value 0.045) between sCLEC2 levels and streptococcal infections. It was detected also that the SIC group was 17 patients (30.4%) and the sepsis without coagulopathy group was 39 patients (69.6%). Compared with the sepsis without coagulopathy group, the SIC group was significantly older and had a significantly higher SOFA score, sCLEC-2 levels, and C2PAC index. Lastly, the strong potentiality of using C2PAC as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for sepsis-induced coagulopathy with high statistical significance < 0. 001. Conclusions C2PAC index can be validated as an accurate marker of sepsis-induced coagulopathy with higher sensitivity when using the C2PAC index (82.4%) than using sCLEC-2 (58.8%) and both have the same specificity (89.7%). The C2PAC index is a useful predictor of SIC progression.","PeriodicalId":34128,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Bronchology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135888622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of long-term oxygen therapy in interstitial lung diseases","authors":"Sahar Farghly Yossif, Atef F. El-Qarn, Asmaa M. M. El-Tayeb, Mohamed F. Abd El-Ghany","doi":"10.1186/s43168-023-00223-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00223-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Long-term oxygen therapy in patients with interstitial lung diseases is frequently given in order to enhance gas exchange, lessen dyspnea, and increase physical activity. Objective To evaluate how individuals with hypoxemia and interstitial lung disease respond to long-term oxygen therapy. Results Between October 2019 and July 2021, this prospective analytical (cross-sectional) study was carried out at the Assiut University Hospital’s Chest Department. Seventy ILD patients were evaluated utilizing a 6-min walk test (SMWT), the St. George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), MMRC, and echocardiography and follow-up was done at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months for ABG, SMWT, and MMRC. As regards echocardiography and SGRQ, a follow-up was done on admission and 1 year after starting LTOT. Significant improvement in St. George’s respiratory questionnaire score, MMRC, and EF by echocardiography was observed meanwhile PASP showed insignificant reduction. Conclusion Long-term oxygen therapy is beneficial for patients with ILD and hypoxemia. Trial registration Long-term oxygen therapy in patients with interstitial lung disease: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04089826 Registered on September 12, 2019.","PeriodicalId":34128,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Bronchology","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Egyptian population","authors":"Rania Ahmad Sweed, Nashwa Hassan Abd El Wahab, Mona Saeed El Hooshy, Eman Youssef Morsy, Dina Mohsen Shetta","doi":"10.1186/s43168-023-00224-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00224-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a widespread disorder with a wide range of harmful outcomes including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), or sleep-related hypoventilation. Purpose The aim of the present study was to screen for the occurrence of sleep apnea syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to evaluate the relation between the presence of sleep apnea and the level of glycemic control. Methods This was a prospective clinical study that enrolled 59 patients who were previously diagnosed as type 2 DM. Sleep study level IV was done using overnight recording of oxygen saturation and pulse. Results Among the studied patients, 42 were females and 17 were males, Their mean age was 59.76 ± 11.13 years. Obstructive sleep apnea was diagnosed in 46 patients (78%). Thirty three (86.8%) patients among those with uncontrolled glycemic level were diagnosed as OSA, whereas 13(61.9%) patients with controlled glycemic level were diagnosed as OSA showing statistically significant difference, p = 0.047. There was no correlation between either HbA1c, age, Mallampati score, or BMI and ODI but there was a correlation between STOP-BANG questionnaire and ODI ( P = 0.036). The variables that were significantly related to presence of OSA, were comorbidities, ESS, Mallampati score, STOP-BANG, and sleep symptoms (nocturia and snoring) P value (0.029), (0.031), (0.022), (0.005), (0.049), and (0.012), respectively. Conclusion Patients with type 2 diabetes showed a significant high prevalence of OSA. With significant higher prevalence among patients with uncontrolled DM versus controlled DM.","PeriodicalId":34128,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Bronchology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134976043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic assessment of mean pulmonary artery pressure and diaphragmatic excursion in chronic respiratory failure patient after using home non-invasive positive pressure ventilation","authors":"Maha E. Alsadik, Waheed M Shouman, Doaa Mostafa Gad, Mohamed Elsaid Elfeqy","doi":"10.1186/s43168-023-00230-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00230-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has emerged as a recognized and effective long-term therapeutic approach for individuals suffering from chronic respiratory insufficiency resulting from various diverse disorders. Nevertheless, providing home non-invasive positive pressure ventilation encounters several challenges, including compliance, training inadequacies, and limited resources. Therefore, the objective of this study was to observe the impact of home non-invasive positive pressure ventilation on patients with chronic respiratory failure, specifically focusing on its effects on the mean pulmonary artery pressure, diaphragmatic excursion, and associated complications. Results The study included a total of 48 patients, consisting of 26 males (54.1%) and 22 females (45.9%). The baseline mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was found to be 39.79 ± 7.51. Additionally, the baseline diaphragmatic excursion in quiet breathing was measured to be 1.80 ± 0.38 cm, while the baseline diaphragmatic excursion in deep breathing was recorded as 4.35 ± 0.99 cm. Following the implementation of home non-invasive ventilation, specifically bilevel-positive airway pressure or continuous positive airway pressure, significant improvements were observed in the aforementioned parameters. The most commonly reported complications among the patients included skin ulcers and aerophagia. Furthermore, mortality rate of 6.3% was observed. Conclusions The use of home non-invasive positive pressure ventilation has been shown to be a successful and sustainable therapeutic approach for persons suffering from chronic respiratory failure. This therapy method has significantly improved PAP, diaphragm force, and overall mortality rates. The use of ultrasonography to evaluate pulmonary pressure or diaphragmatic excursion is considered a beneficial and straightforward approach for the follow-up of subjects with chronic respiratory failure.","PeriodicalId":34128,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Bronchology","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between rectus femoris muscle cross-sectional area and the severity of airflow limitation in COPD patients","authors":"Rania Ahmed Sweed, Yehya Mohamed Khalil, Anwar Ahmed Elganady, Mahmoud Abdelrahman Abdelgawad Ali","doi":"10.1186/s43168-023-00229-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00229-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Peripheral muscle dysfunction is a well-recognized complication of COPD associated with exercise (in)tolerance and worse prognosis. The evaluation of peripheral muscle integrity is an attractive marker in COPD patients. The aim of the study was to identify the correlation between the rectus femoris muscle cross-sectional area (RFCSA) and the severity of airway obstruction in COPD patients using ultrasound. The study enrolled 24 outpatients diagnosed with stable COPD (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.001*. There was a significant negative correlation between RFCSA and age only in cases with very severe airflow limitation. Among COPD patients, there was a significant negative correlation between average RFCSA and mMRC score ( r = − 0.864*, p < 0.001*), but not with FEV1 ( r = 0.165, p = 0.442). No significant correlation between average RFCSA and neither CRP nor heart rate in COPD patients ( r = − 0.169, p = 0.431, r = − 0.285, p = 0.178, respectively. Among COPD, there was a significant positive correlation between RFCSA and QMVC ( r = 0.881*, p < 0.001*). COPD cases showed reduced RFCSA, reduced QMVC, shorter 6MWD distance, and higher mMRC score in comparison to the control group. Ultrasound measurement of RFCSA is an effort-independent, radiation-free method that relates to strength and should be applied as an assessment tool for COPD patients.","PeriodicalId":34128,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Bronchology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early application of continuous positive airway pressure in COVID-19 patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"Zeinab Emad, Mohammed A. Ibrahim, TahaTaha Abdelgawad, Abdelbaset M. Saleh","doi":"10.1186/s43168-023-00228-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00228-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Context Respiratory support is an essential part in treating COVID-19 patients at risk for developing respiratory failure, and this become certain if associated with other comorbidities specifically obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Aim To evaluate the role of early use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in management of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients at risk of OSA. Settings and design This was experimental clinical trial. Patients and methods Eighty (80) patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 at risk of OSA were enrolled. They were simply randomized into two equal groups: non-CPAP group and CPAP group. Non-CPAP group will receive medical treatment plus oxygen therapy according to recommendation of protocol of the Egyptian Ministry of Health 2020 and CPAP group as in non-CPAP group plus using CPAP. Results Our findings showed that there were higher percentages in hospital deaths and longer duration of hospital stay as well as increased need for invasive mechanical ventilation in non-CPAP group compared to CPAP group patients: ( P -value = 0.03), ( P -value = 0.04), and ( P -value = 0.01), respectively. Also, there was a significant difference on PH, CO 2 , HCO 3 , and D-dimer values on both groups on admission and during follow-up with notable decrease in their values in CPAP group compared to non-CPAP group: ( P -value = 0.04), ( P -value = 0.003), ( P -value = 0.001), and ( P -value = 0.001), respectively. Conclusion Early CPAP therapy for moderate and severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients with risk of OSA could improve patient’s survival, shorten hospital stay, and decrease need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov/ NCT05934916 . Registered 6 July 2023 — retrospectively registered.","PeriodicalId":34128,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Bronchology","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NIV support bronchoscopy by tracheostomy after decannulation failure: avoid new tracheostomy—case report and review analysis","authors":"Hadeel Mohamed, Mostafa Elshazly, Antonio Esquinas","doi":"10.1186/s43168-023-00226-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00226-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Decannulation is an essential step in liberating tracheostomised patients from mechanical ventilation. There is a paucity of literature on tracheostomy decannulation methods and procedures, leaving the decision to expert opinion and institutional guidelines. Failure to decannulate may result from several reasons, such as severe dysphagia, retention of copious secretions requiring invasive airway clearing techniques, or tracheal stenosis. Meanwhile, the combined use of either non-invasive ventilation during bronchoscopy has been reported as a successful strategy in different diagnostic and therapeutic clinical conditions. Case presentation We describe a patient admitted to the intensive care unit due to respiratory failure after a decannulation process and the use of non-invasive ventilation as rescue therapy during urgent flexible bronchoscopy to support this procedure and control acute hypercapnic respiratory failure and avoid recannulation process. Conclusions This case presents the rationale approach of using non-invasive ventilation during bronchoscopy to avoid decannulation failure by accumulation of secretions during this procedure.","PeriodicalId":34128,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Bronchology","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135014325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram in a poly-trauma patient undergoing veno venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: our experience in diagnosing pulmonary embolism","authors":"Ali Al Bshabshe, Senthil Purushothaman, Nasser Mohammed Alwadai, Hussam Haider Omer, Om Prakash Palanivel","doi":"10.1186/s43168-023-00227-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00227-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an adapted form of the heart–lung machine that provides cardiopulmonary bypass life support for critically ill patients with acute cardiac and/or respiratory failure who are unresponsive to standard medical and surgical therapies. Although ECMO therapy has advanced significantly, complications like thrombosis and bleeding continue to be substantial, necessitating rapid transport of patients to the radiology suite to reveal crucial findings for further treatment plans or care. Even though the low flow rate for veno-arterial ECMO (VA-ECMO) support during contrast-enhanced CT is well known, the flow rate for veno-venous ECMO support during CT, especially computed tomography pulmonary angiography, is not well understood. Our case emphasizes that CTPA can be performed safely in trauma patients with ECMO runs and any suspected complications during ECMO runs may delay or worsen the clinical prognosis therefore immediate radiological verdicts may reveal significant findings to plan the treatment accordingly. Also, there were no complications associated with our examinations or transport. Our case highlights that VV-ECMO like VA-ECMO induces flow-dependent alterations in the patient’s circulation due to contrast injections, which might lead to an incorrect interpretation of CTPA. However, CTPA is safe, and bringing down the VV-ECMO flow rate of zero with vigilant monitoring of vitals and ventilation support helps radiologists to predict and interpret the contrast flow based on injection and cannula sites in the diagnosing and evaluation of pulmonary embolism patients with acute respiratory failure during ECMO.","PeriodicalId":34128,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Bronchology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135395674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between serum uric acid and pulmonary arterial hypertension based on echo probability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","authors":"Rania Ahmad Sweed, Ghadeer Mostafa Mohamed Bedair, Ahmed Yousef Shaban, Hany Amin Shaarwy","doi":"10.1186/s43168-023-00219-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00219-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome is the most common form of SRBDs. Recurrent hypoxia, which accompanies OSAHS, increases the degradation of ATP, which in turn increase uric acid concentration that can be used as a biomarker of tissue hypoxia in OSAHS. There is still debate about whether OSAHS is an independent contributor to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Aim of the work This study aimed to correlate serum uric acid levels and PAH in OSAHS patients. Methods We enrolled 100 patients diagnosed with OSAHS using polysomnography. Patients were divided into three severity groups: mild OSA (5 ≤ AHI < 15), moderate OSA (15 ≤ AHI < 30), and severe (30 ≤ AHI < 60). Serum uric acid was measured the morning after polysomnography. All patients underwent standard echocardiograms, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure calculation was done. Results Among our studied patients (66% males, 34% females), the mean age was 53.04 ± 8.45 years. Six percent, 38%, and 56% were diagnosed as mild, moderate, and severe OSAHS, respectively. The mean AHI was 31.93 ± 11.78 event. Pulmonary HTN was detected in 78% of patients. Those with elevated uric acid levels represented 92.3% of patients versus 9.1% of patients without pulmonary HTN, p < 0.001. The level of serum uric acid positively correlated with pulmonary HTN level. Conclusion Pulmonary arterial pressure correlated positively with serum uric acid level. Both serum uric acid level and PAP positively correlated with the severity of OSA. Further confirmation with right heart catheterization is essential. Trial registration NCT05967754 , on July 22, 2023 — retrospectively registered.","PeriodicalId":34128,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Bronchology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}