AARN: Civil Society最新文献

{"title":"Ecofeminist Energy Illiteracy: Greta in Alberta Oil Country","authors":"M. Stirling","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3839797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3839797","url":null,"abstract":"This paper rebuts Keller (2021) and the feminist view that Greta Thunberg’s 2019 visit to ‘tar sands’ Alberta sparked ugly push-back by pro-oil activists due to ‘patriarchal petroculture’ rather than this resistance being a response to an on-going geopolitical ‘green’ transnational trade war against Alberta. This paper will examine how Greta is the exploited ‘walking native advertisement’ for a transnational social media/social engineering project established by several carbon offset promoters. Greta is not a true example of ‘spectacular’ mediated transnational girlhood (Projansky 2014), but rather she is a figure contrived. Greta Thunberg’s earnest and naïve climate concerns have been exploited by the rich and powerful; a child with a black and white world view due to her Asperger’s’ ‘super power’. This paper deconstructs the fallacious logic and confirmation bias of an ecofeminist perspective that is clouded with energy illiteracy.","PeriodicalId":341111,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128358757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authoritarian Impediments to Civil Society in Contemporary Myanmar: Findings from the Myanmar Civil Society Survey 2019","authors":"A. Buschmann, A. Soe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3544900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3544900","url":null,"abstract":"Myanmar has seen an unprecedented expansion of civil society following its opening-up in 2011. However, on a regular basis, civil society actors still face undue obstacles to their work. Whereas egregious instances of, what we collectively call ‘authoritarian impediments,’ have been documented on a case-by-case basis, comparative knowledge about the day-to-day impediments to free civil society has yet been missing. The Myanmar Civil Society Survey (MCSS) compiles first-hand data about experiences of repression and other unrequited obstacles from civil society organisations active in the country. This paper introduces the inaugural survey and key findings. The data reveals that authoritarian impediments have remained widespread, seriously undermining the function of civil society. Nonetheless, authoritarian impediments seem frequently unintentional and originating from incompetence, or a lack of understanding, rather than being repressive-by-intent. Moreover, many civil society organisations reported improvements, which puts our interpretation into context.","PeriodicalId":341111,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society","volume":"251 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114285839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Status and Charitable Giving in Pakistan: The Role of Gratitude, Reciprocity Beliefs, and Behaviors","authors":"Eizma Arif, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3510551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3510551","url":null,"abstract":"This examination explores the impact of economic wellbeing on altruistic giving by people. We proposed a theoretical framework thereby slightly modifying model, asserting that social status and Charitable Giving are complemented by gratitude and Reciprocity Behaviors, both positive and negative. These behaviors are in turn got affected by Reciprocity Beliefs. Hence these three psychological instruments, i.e., positive and negative correspondence conviction as well as appreciation estimation, are proposed to clarify the relationship between economic wellbeing and charitable giving. Three aspects of reciprocity: positive reciprocity, negative reciprocity, and beliefs in reciprocity were adopted from. Data was collected from 217 respondents residing in Pakistan through a close end questionnaire and was analyzed using Confirmatory factor analysis and Structural equation modeling. Members were approached to review the nature of their cash giving as it typically happens crosswise over various kinds of gifts. They likewise revealed their financial status, level of reciprocity conviction, and level of appreciation. Results demonstrated that economic well-being significantly anticipates charitable giving by people. As anticipated, high-status members gave more cash when they held a more grounded confidence in reciprocity while the result showed no significant relationship between gratitude and charitable giving.","PeriodicalId":341111,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123130589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helping Oneself, Helping Each Other: Correlates of Women's Participation in Self-Help Groups in India","authors":"Alejandra Arrieta, A. Jilani, Neha Kumar, A. Quisumbing","doi":"10.2499/p15738coll2.133545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133545","url":null,"abstract":"Governments and development organizations worldwide are considering group-based platforms as alternatives to government- or market-based approaches for service delivery. This paper analyses the correlates of women’s membership in self-help groups (SHGs) using two datasets from India. Older women and those in villages without banks are more likely to join SHGs. Different findings across the two datasets highlight the drawbacks of using program evaluation data for guiding geographic targeting and placement of SHG programs. Our results emphasize the need to understand regional variations in membership and the unique characteristics of women, households, and villages when designing and targeting SHG platforms, particularly when using them for service delivery.","PeriodicalId":341111,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133525182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Theoretical Framework of the Relationship between Celebrity Endorsement and Charity Donations","authors":"Samira Abd-Elhamid, A. Mahrous","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3456493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3456493","url":null,"abstract":"This preprint develops a conceptual framework on the impact of using celebrities on the attitude and actual behavior of donating to a charitable organization. Most studies on donation behavior were conducted in commercial settings; few studies have been interested in examining the use of celebrities in the advertisements of charitable organizations on the intention to donate. Therefore, this preprint aim at comparing the impact of using celebrities, using no celebrities (regular person), and having no personal figures at all in the ad on attitude and donation attention. The paper hypotheses are derived from the TEARS (Trust, Experience, Attractiveness, Respect, and Similarity) model.","PeriodicalId":341111,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124333388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectivas teóricas para el abordaje de los movimientos sociales y su incorporación en el campo de la investigación en turismo (Social Movement’s theoretical Perspectives and their Incorporation in the Field of Tourism Research)","authors":"Gonzalo Matías Cruz","doi":"10.18601/01207555.N25.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/01207555.N25.10","url":null,"abstract":"El presente trabajo explora la literatura producida en el campo de la investigación en turismo que incorpora perspectivas teóricas utilizadas para el abordaje de los movimientos sociales. Esta tarea permite exponer las posibilidades de desarrollo del área en cuestión y presentar instrumentos analíticos novedosos. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica exhaustive se analizan las publicaciones existentes, teniendo en cuenta objetivos, casos de estudio, unidades de análisis, resultados y, especialmente, marcos teóricos y metodológicos adoptados. Se advierte que, a pesar de la diversidad de propuestas de abordaje, se trata de un ámbito de estudio aún incipiente, cuyo desarrollo exige el examen de nuevos casos a partir de una visión que contemple las especificidades de cada problemática y las oportunidades que las distintas Corrientes de pensamiento ofrecen.","PeriodicalId":341111,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124496880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Oxymoron of ‘Market Citizenship’ and the Future of the Union","authors":"D. Kochenov","doi":"10.1017/9781108565417.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108565417.016","url":null,"abstract":"Besides honouring my Groningen mentor, Prof. Laurence W. Gormley, the aim of this contribution is to problematize the inescapable commodification of the individual at play in the context of the framing of the key personal legal status in EU law as ‘Market Citizenship’. Market citizenship is a turn away from the fundamental principles of dignity, the rule of law and fundamental rights protection, which needs to be seriously questioned. The point I am making is as basic, as it is in need of constant restatement: a “good market citizen” is necessarily a nobody.","PeriodicalId":341111,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129340199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mainstreaming Third-Sector Economics by Adopting Islamic Principles of Entrepreneurship","authors":"R. Molla, Md. Mahmudul Alam","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.4807267.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.4807267.V1","url":null,"abstract":"The ‘private’ and ‘public’ sector economics found their own strong places to play roles in the mainstream economy. At the end, however, these two systems – the private, popularly called the first sector economy, and the public, called the second sector economy - both individually and jointly have been found seriously inadequate and incapable to ensuring wellbeing of human societies nationally and globally. Responding to such a situation a number of nonconventional approaches like cooperatives and social enterprises, waqaf, foundations, and other non-profit institutions, etc., together called third sector economy, were moved and promoted to ensure social justice and wellbeing of mankind. Initially it emerged as a make-up and defensive strategy of the market-state model to meet the minimum of unmet requirements in the sectors where the market and state have grossly failed. It, thus, played only a subordinate role. As a result, it could not help much to solve the problem of economic inequity, concentration of wealth, and social divides. However it is strongly felt that a broadly based third sector economic model with both not for-profit business like enterprises and for-profit businesses blended with social justice is necessary to play its role as a mainstream model not only for poverty alleviation but also for economic growth to bridge the economic and social divides. Mainstreaming the third sector is the urgent call of the day. Islamic entrepreneurship, which is basically a community-centric mode of business initiative, is an antidote to the problem of intolerable economic and social dualism in the economies. It is a natural strategy against all forms of capitalist exploitations, like in the past through European colonialism and now through American led terrorism, to control resources. Accordingly it is the natural model for solving the problems of economic inequity, concentration of wealth, and social divides. Therefore, this study finds the Islamic mode of entrepreneurship as most suitable and effective for widening and mainstreaming the third sector economics, more particularly in the developing countries. Johor Corporation (JCorp) in Malaysia and Sheba Polly in Bangladesh are examples of two types of Islamic style third sector enterprises – one is staunchly business like initiative and the other is cost based charity initiative for social benefit. For the development and promotion of the community-centric third sector economics model, the paper recommends for urgently establishing a research and development centre on third sector economics preferably under an Islamic Research and Development Institute in any reputed university","PeriodicalId":341111,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130054727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Religion on Muslims' Charitable Contributions to Members of a Non-Muslim Majority","authors":"R. Morton, Kai Ou, Xiangdong Qin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3231623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3231623","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the effects of religion on charitable contributions of Muslims who are in a minority to non-Muslims who are in a majority and to fellow Muslims. We find that religious thinking leads to significantly more charitable giving by 10%. The effect of religious thinking is dependent on the ethnic identity of the recipient: we find a significant effect on giving behavior towards relatively more privileged outgroup members (Han Chinese), but a small and generally insignificant effect towards ingroup members (fellow Muslims). With religious thinking, prosocial behavior towards outgroup members is significantly higher by 14%, which is mainly explained by the religiosity of Muslims. Our results have implications for our understanding of the influence of Islamic rules on Muslims' attitudes and behavior towards non-Muslims and for the design of fundraising mechanisms in Muslim communities.","PeriodicalId":341111,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124824660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brand Activism at Starbucks—A Tall Order?","authors":"Luca Cian, B. Parmar, J. Boichuk, Jenny Craddock","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3213748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3213748","url":null,"abstract":"In April 2017, Kevin Johnson took over the reigns as CEO of Starbucks, the iconic coffee giant. He faced a number of key decisions to keep the global retail giant competitive, but one in particular loomed large. Over the last few years, Johnson's predecessor, Howard Schultz, had increasingly used Starbucks as a progressive platform in an attempt to influence the world around its stores, whether he was aiming to smooth out race relations in the United States or support marriage equality. (Schultz was so vocal about these issues, in fact, that many people speculated he harbored secret political ambitions for his post-Starbucks career.) The case examines Schultz's memorable 2015 Race Together campaign and invites students to debate whether Johnson's work should be focused on (1) similar attempts to align Starbucks with progressive ideals and social causes, or (2) Starbucks' profitability and shareholder value alone. Were there certain times or circumstances where it was appropriate to engage in brand activism, and what impact might these initiatives have on brand integrity and the bottom line?In addition to inviting students to analyze the financial, branding, and employee- and customer-relations implications of social activism at Starbucks, the case also allows them to develop a framework for when and how brand activism might be appropriate in the future. \u0000Excerpt \u0000UVA-M-0964 \u0000Jul. 10, 2018 \u0000Brand Activism at Starbucks—A Tall Order? \u0000On April 3, 2017, Kevin Johnson, the newly minted CEO of coffee giant Starbucks Corporation (Starbucks), stepped into his Seattle office for his first day on the job. Johnson knew he faced a number of key decisions and competition from both large and small players as he led the company into its next phase. (For recent stock price performance compared to competitor Dunkin' Donuts, see Exhibit1.) One issue at the top of his mind was whether to continue the tendency of his predecessor, long-standing CEO Howard Schultz, to make public corporate declarations on divisive social issues, ranging from how to discuss racism to the legalization of marriage equality. Indeed, Schultz's legacy loomed large, as the legendary leader had gained consistent praise as one of the world's best-performing CEOs for the past few years. (For Harvard Business Review's 2015 CEO rankings, see Exhibit 2.) \u0000At a time when the United States seemed to be as divided as ever, with a new president (Donald Trump) in the White House and growing concerns about gun violence, bigotry, and homophobia worrying many in the nation, an increasing number of brands such as Starbucks were choosing to take public stances to support the missions in which they believed. Johnson, however, came to Starbucks from a technology background, where he sold to businesses and had limited interaction with individual consumers, and he was unfamiliar with how to best strike an intimate and nonalienating chord with customers walking into Starbucks cafes every day. \u0000. . .","PeriodicalId":341111,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125700957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}