Oil Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis reveal molecular mechanisms in the biosynthesis of nervonic acid in engineered Brassica napus seeds","authors":"Xiaoyue Liu,&nbsp;Pandi Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Xiong,&nbsp;Gang Wu,&nbsp;Fang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nervonic acid (NA) is a very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid with significant medicinal value, but its further development and application are limited by resource scarcity. In our previous studies, metabolic engineering of <em>Brassica napus</em> (<em>B. napus</em>) using multi-gene vectors (Napin-3 and Napin-5) successfully achieved high levels of NA production, with transgenic lines accumulating NA up to 45% of total fatty acids. This study utilizes integrated transcriptomics and lipidomics at 20 and 40 days after flowering (DAF) to elucidate the molecular basis of NA accumulation in transgenic <em>B. napus</em> seeds expressing the <em>CgKCS</em> gene. Integrated transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses revealed that NA biosynthesis predominantly occurs during late seed development and is sequestered into triacylglycerol (TGs), contributing to the increased TG (24:1_18:2_18:3). Transcriptomic analysis identified numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with lipid metabolism and seed development. Notably, the expression of several endogenous genes involved in fatty acid elongation and glycerolipid biosynthesis was significantly altered in transgenic seeds. In particular, endogenous <em>KCS6</em> and <em>KCS19</em>, which are associated with very-long-chain fatty acid elongation, were downregulated, whereas <em>GPAT6</em> and <em>LPAAT1</em>, key enzymes in glycerolipid assembly, were upregulated. Our findings demonstrate that high-level NA production in <em>B. napus</em> is sustained not only by heterologous gene activity but also by the coordinated response of endogenous acyltransferases and the suppression of competing elongation pathways. These results provide new mechanistic insights into the metabolic plasticity of oilseed crops and identify key genetic targets for further optimizing the production of rare fatty acids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 369-385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149202096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the structural and functional properties of rapeseed protein","authors":"Bingyan Jiang,&nbsp;Changsheng Liu,&nbsp;Fangyan Long,&nbsp;Mandi Zhao,&nbsp;Chang Zheng,&nbsp;Ying Huang,&nbsp;Weijun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapeseed meal has abundant proteins within well-proportioned amino acid composition, together with good functional properties, thus indicating it has notable nutritional value and application potential. However, its application is mostly limited into animal feed and fertilizer, which has not been fully developed as a high-quality plant protein resource. Since China faces increasingly pressure on plant protein supply, the effective utilization of rapeseed meal protein has become an important research field for improving the quantity of high-quality plant-based protein. This review makes a comprehensive investigation into the structural and functional characteristics of rapeseed protein (RP⁾, especially focusing on the main processing factors that affect RP quality. Therefore, this review aims to provide a theoretical basis and direction reference for promoting the value-added utilization of RP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 289-300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149143910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of stepwise peroxidation of rapeseed oil, flaxseed oil, high oleic peanut oil and high oleic sunflower oil under heating conditions","authors":"Boqi Qian ,&nbsp;Aijun Zhou ,&nbsp;Dang Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Lv ,&nbsp;Hong Chen ,&nbsp;Zisong Li ,&nbsp;Qianchun Deng ,&nbsp;Fang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the oxidative stability of rapeseed, flaxseed, high oleic peanut, and high oleic sunflower oils during short-term thermal oxidation. By monitoring peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels before and after purification and at 100 °C and 180 °C, the oxidative behavior and antioxidant capacity of each oil under high temperature conditions were evaluated. Additionally, the depletion patterns of tocopherols and sterols during thermal oxidation were analyzed. To elucidate oxidation mechanisms, the kinetics of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) concentration changes in the oils were examined. Results indicate that high oleic peanut oil exhibits superior oxidative stability, maintaining lower PV and TBARS levels throughout the heating cycle. Tocopherol and sterol depletion correlated positively with oxidation time and temperature, and the heat loss varied among different oils. Kinetic modeling revealed that oils with a more diverse fatty acid composition tend to undergo stepwise oxidation. High oleic peanut oil, flaxseed oil and high oleic sunflower oil displayed a single-step reaction, whereas rapeseed oil progressed through a two-step reaction before reaching a typical termination phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 188-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of main strains of ARC inoculant via machine learning-assisted single-cell Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Jie Kang ,&nbsp;Feng Wei ,&nbsp;Xi Shen ,&nbsp;Ao Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Dou ,&nbsp;Shujie Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinli Hu ,&nbsp;Liangxiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Peiwu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ARC inoculant (A, aflatoxin prevention and control; R, Rhizobia nodulation induction; C, Coupling) is a brand-new inoculant with coupling function that enhances legume quality and nitrogen fixation. Comprehensive characterization of its key functional strains is critical for establishing a quality-control framework for the inoculant's formulation. Here, we constructed a characteristic spectral dataset comprising over 63,000 single-cell Raman spectra of the constituent strains by employing Ramanome technology. Six machine learning-based predictive models were developed and compared for the constituent strains, while the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) model demonstrated the best performance, with a classification accuracy exceeding 92.4%. This work provides a unique spectral fingerprint for ARC inoculant and will directly aid its application in sustainable agricultural production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 113-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148141183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of quality characteristics, composition, antioxidant activity, and volatile profiles of seven Camellia oleifera seed oils","authors":"Zhenxia Xu ,&nbsp;Shuaijun Lu ,&nbsp;Yufei Liu ,&nbsp;Weijuan Su ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Xia ,&nbsp;Nanjie Jiang ,&nbsp;Xia Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Camellia oleifera</em> seed oil (CSO) is widely appreciated for its nutritional and functional properties, yet its quality is strongly affected by processing and storage conditions. In this study, seven CSO samples originating from different sources were systematically evaluated for physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, lipid composition, antioxidant capacity, and volatile flavor profiles. Pronounced differences were observed among the samples. Sample S5 exhibited the highest oxidative deterioration due to long-term storage, with elevated acid value (2.27 mg KOH/g) and peroxide value (2.98 g/100 g). In contrast, sample S2 showed the greatest oxidative stability (induction period of 10.88 h) and superior in vitro antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS), which was closely associated with its higher contents of carotenoids, tocopherols, and total phenolics. All CSO samples were characterized by a high oleic acid content (76.19%-81.99%). The lipidomic analysis revealed 5 classes and 32 subclasses of lipids among 354 species, with triacylglycerols and fatty acids as the dominant types. Volatile analysis using HS-SPME-GC-MS identified 81 aroma compounds, with aldehydes, alcohols, acids, lipid-derived compounds, and furans as the main contributors. This study elucidated the intrinsic quality differences among various CSO and provided a robust theoretical foundation for a comprehensive understanding of their nutritional attributes and sensory diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 166-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic dissection of salt tolerance architecture in Brassica napus at the seedling stage by genome-wide association study","authors":"Tinghai Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue Shen ,&nbsp;Feng Chen ,&nbsp;Chunyun Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhou ,&nbsp;Chengming Sun ,&nbsp;Sanxiong Fu ,&nbsp;Jiefu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to the continuous increase in industrialization, the extent of soil salinization is escalating globally. <em>Brassica napus</em> is among the most advantageous field crops for the development and utilization of saline - alkali land. Nevertheless, the molecular regulation of salt tolerance during the seedling stage in this species remains unclear. To explore this mechanism, an association population consisting of 202 accessions was subjected to a 257 mmol/L NaCl solution at the seedling (four - leaf) stage. After 14 days of salt treatment, the above - ground and under - ground fresh and dry weights of each accession line were measured, and the correlations between these traits were evaluated. By integrating phenotypic data with resequencing data, a genome - wide association study identified 2043 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were significantly associated with these traits. Ninety SNPs were detected repeatedly, with a single SNP accounting for 1.3%–5.29% of the phenotypic variation. Subsequently, two candidate genes were identified, and six germplasm resources with strong salt tolerance at the seedling stage were selected. These results will guide strategies for breeding salt - tolerant <em>B. napus</em> and will offer a theoretical foundation for the restoration and management of salinized land.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 138-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148141182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rapid and sustainable method for the detection of extra-virgin olive oil adulteration using surfactant-free microemulsions and 3D spectrofluorimetry","authors":"Beatriz Serrão Monteiro Bastos ,&nbsp;Thaís Victória Feijoli Sudré ,&nbsp;Ricardo Queiroz Aucelio ,&nbsp;Rosana Candida Macedo","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Due to the high standards in preparation, purity, and low production yields, extra-virgin olive oils (EVOO) is a high value product that makes adulteration with lower-quality oils a frequent practice. Since conventional quality control techniques rely on costly analytical instrumentation and complex methods and data treatment, there is a need for simpler, faster, and more sustainable analytical alternatives. The present work proposes the use of 3D spectrofluorimetry combined with surfactant-free microemulsions (SFMEs) as a sample preparation strategy for the detection of EVOO adulteration with soybean oil. These systems, composed of an oily phase, an aqueous phase, and a short-chain alcohol, generate microenvironments capable of enhancing the fluorescence of EVOO endogenous fluorophores with minimal sample consumption while reducing the risk of cross-contamination and inner filter effect. In this work, ternary phase diagrams were constructed with three different alcohols, with propan-1-ol being selected due to its ability to form SFMEs with higher water proportions, making it more suitable for EVOO analysis. Tests were then performed to determine proper excitation/emission wavelengths (&lt;em&gt;λ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ex&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;em&gt;λ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;em&lt;/sub&gt;) for SFMEs containing EVOO (290/320 nm) and soybean oil (300/335 nm). A compromise condition for SFME formation consisted of 25 μL of oily phase (sample:octan-1-ol, 1:3, v/v), 750 μL of water, and propan-1-ol to a final volume of 5.00 mL. Additionally, the influence of oil sampling was evaluated allowing decreasing down to 60% in relative standard deviation when reverse sample pipetting was used instead of direct sample pipetting, demonstrating its effectiveness in handling high-viscosity samples such as EVOO, regardless of the analyst's level of experience. For the qualitative evaluation, 24 samples comprising olive oils, soybean oils, and blended oils (soybean/EVOO) were analyzed by 3D spectrofluorimetry. Excitation-emission matrices (&lt;em&gt;λ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ex&lt;/sub&gt;: 200-350 nm and &lt;em&gt;λ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;em&lt;/sub&gt;: 250-400 nm) were obtained for all samples prepared in SFMEs. Significant differences in fluorescence intensity and fluorescence fingerprint were observed when comparing EVOO and soybean oil samples. Among the olive oils, pronounced differences were observed in samples from other categories or without specification, showing the method's potential not only for distinguishing between soybean oil and EVOO, but also for differentiating distinct olive oil categories. A quantitative study with different levels of soybean oil adulteration (0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, v/v) in EVOO samples achieved a high coefficient of determination (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.9979) enabling identification down to 1% of adulteration (limit of detection of 0.97%) and precise and accurate quantification of levels of adulteration down to 3% (limit of quantification of 3.23%). Linear regression ANOVA showed statistical significance and response linea","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 156-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An attempt to synthesize nervonic acid in rapeseed leaves by metabolic engineering","authors":"Xiaoyue Liu,&nbsp;Pandi Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Xiong,&nbsp;Gang Wu,&nbsp;Fang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nervonic acid (NA), a very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid, with high value in brain disease prevention and improvement, many studies revealed it could be synthesized in crop seeds via genetic engineering. In recent years, vegetative tissues such as leaves have been proposed as a novel platform for producing triacylglycerol (TAG) and achieving significant results, but the potential for producing NA has not been explored. In this study, three genes, <em>CgKCS</em> from (正体) <em>Cardamine graeca</em>, <em>SLC1-1</em> from <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae,</em> and <em>DGAT1</em> from <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>, were selected and under the regulation of the green organizations-specific promoter <em>Rubisco</em> to form multi-gene vector and transformed four varieties rapeseed with different fatty acid profile to explore the potential of NA production in leaves. Those genes have been respectively reported to increase NA production, promote Fatty acids (FAs) combining to the sn-2 of TAG, and improve crop oil content of plant seeds. In this study, NA was not detected in all four varieties of transgenic rapeseed leaves at vegetative, flowering, and seed setting three development stages. Analysis of fatty acid components results shown that linolenic acid (C18:3) is the main fatty acid in leaves, but the available substrates for synthesizing NA are monounsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1, C20:1, and C22:1, so lacking of monounsaturated fatty acids maybe is the main limiting factor for the production NA in transgenic rapeseed leaves. And then, we further analyzed the feasible strategies to promote NA and other very long-chain fatty acids synthesis, assembly and accumulation. Together, our results provide a clear profile of the fatty acid composition of rapeseed leaves and although it failed to synthesize NA, it also provides referable hints for the production of NA from rapeseed leaves via metabolic engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 227-236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148555057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on genetic regulation of the yellow-seeded trait in Brassica Crops","authors":"Jiayu Yang ,&nbsp;Kaimei Dai ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Junxing Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Brassica</em> crops represent a vital global source of oilseeds and vegetables. The yellow-seeded trait has become a primary genetic improvement objective due to its close association with superior quality attributes, specifically high oil content and low fiber content. The yellow-seeded phenotype results in the inhibition of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and deposition in the seed coat. This process is regulated by the upstream conserved MBW (<em>TT2/TT8/TTG1</em>) transcriptional complex, which exhibits a more complex multi-genic regulatory network influenced by maternal effects, environmental factors, and epigenetic modifications. This review provides a comprehensive comparison on the current researches across six <em>Brassica</em> species (<em>B. rapa, B. oleracea, B. nigra, B. napus, B. juncea,</em> and <em>B. carinata</em>), summarizes the key genes that have been functionally validated, and analyzes the metabolic and genetic basis underlying the synergistic formation of multiple traits, including yellow seeds, high oil, and low fiber. Finally, we discuss the applications and challenges in the molecular breeding strategies targeting for the yellow-seeded trait improvement, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and multi-omics integration. We also provide perspectives on the future potential of achieving the synergistic enhancement of quality and yield through <em>de novo</em> design breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 179-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric visualization analysis of walnut protein peptide applications: Hotspot evolution and future trends","authors":"Jinxia Gao ,&nbsp;Xuyan Dong ,&nbsp;Jiawen Yan ,&nbsp;Chao Gao ,&nbsp;Shengxiang Gong ,&nbsp;Jiqu Xu ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Junxia Xiao ,&nbsp;Liang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2026.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study maps the knowledge structure of walnut protein peptide research (2012-2025) through a bibliometric analysis of 229 publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, using tools such as Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. The results show that there is a clear publication output increase trend. China is the major contributor, South China University of Technology ranks as the top research institution, <em>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</em> is the core journal, and Min WH and Wang SG are the most cited authors. Furthermore, based on the most cited articles, the study finds research hotspots in the extraction of antioxidant and neuroprotective peptides, bioavailability and absorption mechanisms, and structure-activity relationships, which can be used to promote the research of walnut protein peptide and the development of walnut meal industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 129-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148141181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}