César Díaz, A. Mazza, F. Ruiz, D. Patiño, G. Chicco
{"title":"Understanding Model Predictive Control for Electric Vehicle Charging Dispatch","authors":"César Díaz, A. Mazza, F. Ruiz, D. Patiño, G. Chicco","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542050","url":null,"abstract":"This paper illustrates the principles of Model Predictive Control (MPC) applied to control the dispatch of power to Electric Vehicle (EV) chargers in a charging station. The MPC strategy aims to determine a control signal by following a day-ahead scheduling and minimizing an economic objective function. The strategy works in closed-loop architecture. The MPC calculates an optimal charging sequence at each time step of the prediction horizon, but it applies the control signal only for the first step of the sequence, following a receding horizon strategy. The results of the MPC strategy lead to track a dayahead scheduling by considering uncertainties on the EV arrival state of charge, and generation disturbances. The MPC strategy outcomes are compared with an open-loop strategy, with the target to apply the scheduled power.","PeriodicalId":340842,"journal":{"name":"2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115683770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Islanding of Distribution Networks: Challenges and Potential Solutions","authors":"Weijie Yan, D. Tzelepis, A. Dyśko","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541991","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of generating electricity from renewable sources has been developed to solve the problems raised by environmental pollution and diminishing fossil fuel resources. Integration of clean renewable generation into existing electrical systems has been proven to benefit both power system operators and customers. However, a number of technical and economic challenges still exist with regards to effective integration and optimal utilization of such sources. One of the issues much debated recently is the provision for islanded operation in distribution networks utilizing the locally available generation. There are many obstacles and challenges concerning technical, economic and regulatory aspects of islanded operation which attract a significant amount of research worldwide. This review paper covers the state-of-the-art in research on islanded systems, specifically concerning: generation control, islanding detection, protection, and other functions such as power-sharing and black start capability.","PeriodicalId":340842,"journal":{"name":"2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121832708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Planning and Design of Medium Voltage DC Grids– An Overview","authors":"Jens Priebe, Niklas Wehbring, A. Moser","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541919","url":null,"abstract":"Up to now, neither technical guidelines nor experiences for public medium voltage direct current (MVDC) grids exist leading to different questions concerning the design of these grids. Therefore, this paper analyzes relevant technical options for realizing MVDC grids. Technical requirements and degrees of freedom, including grid structure, operating voltage, line configuration, possible apparatuses, grid operation, power flow controllability and protection equipment are elaborated. An optimization method which allows to consider these different options and which can be applied for developing MVDC grids is presented. For an exemplary supply task, two grids are designed. Resulting grid structures indicate that the choice of line configuration and operating voltage has a significant impact on power transmissibility and the necessary amount of power lines. By choosing an asymmetric monopole and a comparatively low operating voltage for the given supply task, a more meshed grid structure results, also to avoid voltage problems. Based on further sensitivity analyses the impact of different technical options on MVDC grid design can be investigated and knowledge concerning MVDC grids can be gained, which is essentially required for further research as well as for the development of standardizations and MVDC grid components.","PeriodicalId":340842,"journal":{"name":"2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124833197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimitris Raptis, Papamarkos S. Periandros, P. Gkaidatzis, A. Bouhouras, D. Labridis
{"title":"Optimal Siting of BESS in Distribution Networks under High PV Penetration","authors":"Dimitris Raptis, Papamarkos S. Periandros, P. Gkaidatzis, A. Bouhouras, D. Labridis","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the optimal siting of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in a Distribution Network with installed Photovoltaic Generation, in order to minimize the energy losses of the system. The bus voltage limit, as well as the ampacity level of the lines are taken into consideration as constraints, while the technical constraints of the BESSs have also been taken into account. Unified Particle Swarm Optimization is used as the solving optimization technique. Simulations are being carried out on IEEE-33 bus system regarding different scenarios and the results are presented and compared. A significant improvement in energy losses, voltage and line ampacity profile is achieved by the introduction of BESS units in a Distribution Network with high PV Penetration.","PeriodicalId":340842,"journal":{"name":"2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"3 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126120496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automating Virtual Power Plant Decision Making with Fuzzy Logic and Human Psychology","authors":"S. Skarvelis-Kazakos","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541862","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) decision making approach which uses fuzzy logic and a novel \"insecurity\" metric, based on human psychology. The VPP approach is modelled as a multi-agent system, which aims to minimize carbon emissions and/or energy cost, using an aggregation structure similar to energy or carbon markets. The \"insecurity factor\" reflects the operational flexibility of micro-generators, translated to a numerical value through fuzzy logic. The system was able to create a functional internal VPP market, where the micro-generators were trading autonomously according to external price signals and taking into account their own needs and limitations, as well as short-term forecasts.","PeriodicalId":340842,"journal":{"name":"2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126636690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shangdan Yang, Stephan Ruhe, Falk Schaller, S. Nicolai, P. Bretschneider
{"title":"Dynamic Simulation of Low-voltage Distribution Grid with Integration of Power Electronics coupled Loads and Generators","authors":"Shangdan Yang, Stephan Ruhe, Falk Schaller, S. Nicolai, P. Bretschneider","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542090","url":null,"abstract":"More and more active components, i.e. renewable generators, controllable loads, and storages, were integrated to low-voltage distribution grids. They were often interfaced with power electronics and their active participation in the power system may lead to voltage instabilities and power quality problems. Therefore, one research topic was to analyse the dynamic interactions between these active components, and to develop appropriate control architecture and techniques, which are able to avoid the corresponding instabilities and improve the power quality in the low voltage grids. One challenge of such dynamic simulation was to simulate the interacted system with time resolution of millisecond and to ensure the synchronization between them. In this paper, the suitable dynamic models of single-phase power electronic load and three-phase power electronic generator were conducted. These dynamic models were simulated and validated by the voltage-step-response, respectively. The voltage unbalance was used to quantify the interactions between the dynamic models and grid. In the steady state, the power electronic load induced less voltage unbalance comparing to the conventional passive load, because the power electronic load had better power factor. In certain dynamic processes, with the higher penetration of PE components in the LV grid, we observed the significant increase of voltage unbalance, which was induced by the interactions between the controllers of the active components. Such effects should be considered in the design of low-voltage gird system and its components.","PeriodicalId":340842,"journal":{"name":"2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115072607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fuzzy Based Control of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System for Enhancing System Inertial Response","authors":"Rijo Rajan, F. Fernandez","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a fuzzy-based control strategy for grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system, enabling it to participate in frequency control without energy storage. The Proposed control enables the PV to participate in frequency regulation during low inertia period by shifting its operating point below MPP. An IEEE 14-bus system is considered as study case system. The bus system has been extended to a more realistic network by incorporating non-reheat thermal units, hydro units, PV units and local loads and is also considered in various non-linearity of generating units such as Generation Rate Constraint (GRC), Governor Dead Band (GDB) and delay in Area Control Error (ACE) signal. For the fuzzy controller, the frequency deviation and varying system inertia are used as an input. The output command decides the required operating point of PV to provide primary frequency control (PFC). This method is found to be effective in reducing the initial system frequency deviation and rate of change of frequency. A comparison with existing PV control shows that with the use of proposed fuzzy PV control, primary frequency responses have been improved.","PeriodicalId":340842,"journal":{"name":"2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122171334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Electrically Powered Propulsion for Aircraft","authors":"R. Bolam, Y. Vagapov, A. Anuchin","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541945","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art in aircraft electrical propulsion technology. A comparison is provided of differing propulsion mechanisms such as propellers, open fans, ducted fans, multi-stage rim driven fans and distributed thrust designs and their suitability to particular flight profiles and mission applications. Electrical motor architectures are also reviewed with particular attention being given to synchronous machines, such as Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) and Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) technologies, and the recent advances that have been made in solid-state switching and High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) material applications. Present day electrical power generation, storage and control technologies are also reviewed including hybrid and fuel cell technologies and regeneration techniques. Electrical storage capabilities with regard to specific power and energy characteristics are discussed and the extent to which existing system technology can be integrated onto a Hybrid-electric and an All Electric Aircraft (AEA) is also investigated. Finally, a conclusion is provided highlighting the current technological challenges facing the development of commercial aircraft in terms of performance, airframe configuration and legislative and operational infrastructural requirements.","PeriodicalId":340842,"journal":{"name":"2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117075242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Unit Commitment Methods for Isolated Island Grids","authors":"G. N. Psarros, S. Papathanassiou","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542018","url":null,"abstract":"The generation management concept for non-interconnected island (NII) systems is traditionally based on simple, semi-empirical operating rules dating back to the era before the massive deployment of renewables, which do not achieve maximum RES penetration, optimal dispatch of thermal units and satisfaction of system security criteria. Nowadays, more advanced unit commitment (UC) and economic-dispatch (ED) approaches based on optimization techniques are gradually introduced to safeguard system operation against severe disturbances, to prioritize RES participation and to optimize dispatch of the thermal generation fleet. The main scope of this paper is to comparatively assess the traditionally applied priority listing (PL) UC method and a more sophisticated mixed integer linear programming (MILP) based UC optimization approach, dedicated to isolated island power grids. Daily and annual simulations are performed and the results obtained are further analyzed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":340842,"journal":{"name":"2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128434922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Markus Herzog, Andreas W. Ebentheuer, Taha Lahlou, H. Herzog
{"title":"Management Algorithms for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters","authors":"Markus Herzog, Andreas W. Ebentheuer, Taha Lahlou, H. Herzog","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542005","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel inverters like the cascaded H-bridge topology provide multiple benefits compared to traditional B6-bridge inverters. Due to the modular structure of the inverter and the modulation techniques it is necessary to utilize management algorithms to achieve even energy distribution between all battery modules. This paper presents algorithms for state of charge balancing, fault tolerance, and their correlation.","PeriodicalId":340842,"journal":{"name":"2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128590119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}