Taikomoji kalbotyra最新文献

{"title":"Sąmoningumo lengvai suprantamos kalbos atžvilgiu svarba socialinei įtraukčiai Latvijoje, Lietuvoje ir Slovėnijoje","authors":"Gunta Anča, Justina Bružaitė-Liseckienė, Inga Daraškienė, Dragica Haramija, Ramunė Lebedytė Undzėnienė, Saša Lesjak, Irīna Meļņika, Kotryna Motiekaitytė, Vita Kalnberzina, Maija Kalniņa, Tatjana Knapp, Velga Polinska","doi":"10.15388/taikalbot.2024.21.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2024.21.2","url":null,"abstract":"Easy Language serves as a communication tool designed for use by a broad spectrum of individuals within our society. Like any tool, it requires development, adjustment, and application standards. Some of these standards are common across languages and societies, while others are unique to specific languages, groups of people, or needs. This implies that language users, developers, and researchers can benefit from cooperation but also need to develop their own language- and situation-specific tools and standards of communication.The aim of this research is to compare the change in Easy Language awareness from 2021 to 2022 among societies in Latvia, Lithuania, and Slovenia within a year, using such tools as surveys, in-depth interviews, and statistical analysis. The findings suggest that awareness levels vary across different countries and social groups. Furthermore, it takes more than two years to reach the levels of legal structures and political readiness necessary to embrace the needs of the entire society.","PeriodicalId":34080,"journal":{"name":"Taikomoji kalbotyra","volume":"41 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are the terms “creative accounting” and/or “earnings management” appropriate to describe the phenomenon of manipulations of accounting information?","authors":"Diana Bachtijeva, D. Tamulevičienė","doi":"10.15388/taikalbot.2024.21.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2024.21.1","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the essence of the phenomenon of manipulation of accounting information and the appropriateness of the terms “creative accounting” and “earnings management” to refer to it, and whether terms contribute to the misperception of this phenomenon. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of the terms “creative accounting” and “earnings management” used in the Lithuanian scientific and professional literature on the perception of the phenomenon of manipulations of accounting information. The study was carried out using an expert evaluation method. The results showed that the phenomenon of manipulations of accounting information was perceived by the experts as having a negative impact on accounting and accounting outcomes. However, when evaluating the terms used to describe this phenomenon, the experts pointed out that they have positive connotations. As the terms do not reflect the essence of the phenomenon being assessed, it is proposed to discontinue the use of these terms. Experts consider that the most appropriate term for this type of manipulations is “manipulative accounting”.","PeriodicalId":34080,"journal":{"name":"Taikomoji kalbotyra","volume":"55 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jaunų latvių anglų kalbos vartojimas: daugiakalbės tapatybės ir kalbos dominavimo tyrimas","authors":"Justīne Bondare","doi":"10.15388/taikalbot.2023.20.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2023.20.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effects of virtual communication on language use among Latvian students aged 13-25, aiming to investigate whether language proficiency, language attitudes and identity construction are mediated by language dominance and global trends foregrounded by the dominant use of English on social media. The research material consists of 1) Bilingual Language Profile (Birdsong et al. 2012), a questionnaire that targets a variety of sociolinguistic factors and assesses language dominance; 2) a questionnaire on language use across various domains as well as language ideologies. The questionnaire results indicate Latvian language dominance in terms of language history and active use, but English is regarded as a beneficial language and used as a receptive language in entertainment and with peers. The findings of the study suggest English is associated with a multilingual identity, however, this does not seem to impact the expression of adolescents’ national identity.","PeriodicalId":34080,"journal":{"name":"Taikomoji kalbotyra","volume":"33 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language as an Error: A Study on School Literacy and Language Correction in Lithuania","authors":"Loreta Vaicekauskienė, Vuk Vukotić, Ramunė Čičirkaitė, L. Nevinskaitė","doi":"10.15388/taikalbot.2022.spec18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2022.spec18","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue documents the history of formal writing education in Lithuania in the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries by taking a (socio)linguistically informed approach to school literacy. The study consists of four contributions, one theoretical and three empirical. The authors explore authentic pupils’ written language practices by focusing on variation in spelling, morphology and syntax, word choice as well as stylistic expression, as corrected by teachers, and critically contrast the data with the dominant normativist (or prescriptivist) approach to school literacy in Lithuania. The data for the empirical contributions were retrieved from an anonymised database “Rašinėliai” (‘School Essays’) which some of the authors of the study have been collecting since 2014 for the purpose of investigation of school writing in Lithuania. At the time the study was conducted, the researchers could choose among more than 7,500 PDF files documenting writing by almost 950 different pupils between 1st and 12th grades, of which almost 80% were teacher-corrected. The results of the study can be interpreted as revealing the cognitive and social diversity of the literacy phenomenon. There were virtually no cases in the data of the pupils’ written essays that could not be explained by natural cognitive or social causes. Among the main causes of linguistic variation, the findings identified (1) the influence of spoken language with its own phonetic and grammatical rules; (2) the cognitive mechanism called analogy, whereby pupils internalise a certain spelling convention and then generalise it; and (3) the potentially interconnected factors as the genre, the motivation of the pupils and pedagogical practice. The authors hope that the study will show both the originality and productiveness of the sociolinguistic approach when applied to data from Lithuanian schools, as well as its theoretical potential of developing sociolinguistics of school literacy. Besides that, there is an expectation that the research will have important implications for local educational policies and pedagogical practice.","PeriodicalId":34080,"journal":{"name":"Taikomoji kalbotyra","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Šeimos kalbų politikos ir ankstyvosios dvikalbystės sankirta: atvejo analizė","authors":"Anna Verschik, Reili Argus","doi":"10.15388/taikalbot.2023.20.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2023.20.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses family language policy in a family of ethnic Russians in Estonia where the father speaks Russian, and the mother speaks Estonian. This is the case of internalization of Estonian among ethnic Russians, a novel phenomenon in the post-Soviet countries. The data come from family conversations (6 h) and the semi-structured interview with the parents (1.5 h). There are discrepancies between the declared ideologies, management, and practices. The declared policy is OPOL and, as the father rendered it, purism because of the concern that the children will be confused otherwise. During the interview the father switched between Estonian, Russian, and English. In family conversations the mother’s speech (539 turns, of which 50 % are directed to the child) contained code-switching (7% in Russian and 8% switches within one turn in speech directed to the child). The parents claimed to speak Russian to each other, yet the mother occasionally switched to Estonian while talking to the father. In general, both family conversations and the interview proved to be linguistically more diverse than expected.","PeriodicalId":34080,"journal":{"name":"Taikomoji kalbotyra","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Šeimos kalbų politikos ir ankstyvosios dvikalbystės sankirta: atvejo analizė","authors":"Anna Verschik, Reili Argus","doi":"10.15388/taikalbot.2023.20.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2023.20.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses family language policy in a family of ethnic Russians in Estonia where the father speaks Russian, and the mother speaks Estonian. This is the case of internalization of Estonian among ethnic Russians, a novel phenomenon in the post-Soviet countries. The data come from family conversations (6 h) and the semi-structured interview with the parents (1.5 h). There are discrepancies between the declared ideologies, management, and practices. The declared policy is OPOL and, as the father rendered it, purism because of the concern that the children will be confused otherwise. During the interview the father switched between Estonian, Russian, and English. In family conversations the mother’s speech (539 turns, of which 50 % are directed to the child) contained code-switching (7% in Russian and 8% switches within one turn in speech directed to the child). The parents claimed to speak Russian to each other, yet the mother occasionally switched to Estonian while talking to the father. In general, both family conversations and the interview proved to be linguistically more diverse than expected.","PeriodicalId":34080,"journal":{"name":"Taikomoji kalbotyra","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139864702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ties of the Diaspora of Lithuanian Origin in Kazakhstan with Lithuanian ethnic identity and the Lithuanian language","authors":"Loreta Vilkienė","doi":"10.15388/taikalbot.2023.19.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2023.19.7","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the diasporas of Lithuanian Origin in Kazakhstan and their links with Lithuanian ethnic identity and the Lithuanian language. This research aims to answer the question of what strategies were chosen by three generations of the target diaspora to maintain Lithuanian identity and the Lithuanian language. Also, the paper is exploring the reasons that encouraged specific decisions and behavior of the target diaspora. The research material was 38 qualitative semi-structured interviews collected in November 2021 during the expedition in Kazakhstan. The interviews were qualitatively analysed using the adapted Bamberg’s (2011) Narrative Practice and Identity Navigation model. The analysis of the case of the diaspora of Lithuanian origin in Kazakhstan revealed that three generations of the diaspora have preserved their Lithuanian ethnic identity and expressed favorable attitudes towards Lithuanianness, Lithuania, and Lithuanians. However, the Lithuanian language, which is not necessarily considered part of the ethnic identity of the target group, was not maintained. It can be said that the second generation does not know the Lithuanian language. However, the third generation shows a more active relationship with the Lithuanian language and wants to learn it. There are various reasons why the Lithuanian language is not being passed down to the next generations, namely: 1) the consequences of social trauma, such as the abandonment of the first generation’s language as a survival strategy; state policies promoting Russification; 2) the formation of mixed families of deportees, 3) conflicts between the first generation and their relatives in Lithuania, the broken contacts reduced the possibilities of communication in Lithuanian; lack of available Lithuanian-speaking individuals to communicate with, as there are no larger Lithuanian communities; 4) the pursuit of economic prosperity and integration, particularly for those who voluntarily migrated to Kazakhstan, etc.","PeriodicalId":34080,"journal":{"name":"Taikomoji kalbotyra","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139214725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The usage of singular and plural forms of address in Lithuanian","authors":"Aleksandra Ivanauskaitė, Inga Hilbig","doi":"10.15388/taikalbot.2023.19.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2023.19.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the usage of singular and plural forms of address in contemporary Lithuanian. The object of the research is the pronouns tu and jūs, and second-person verbs. The aim of the present study is to analyze how and why singular and plural forms of address are used and which social and psychological factors determine this usage. The research data consists of 111 discourse completion tests filled by university students. For a deeper insight, 6 semi-structured in-depth interviews with students and young people who have just finished their studies were also conducted. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were combined for both data collection and analysis.Based on the results, it can be concluded that the distribution of forms of address in situations where the sociolinguistic and pragmatic choice was not obvious was approximately equal. Statistically significant variables were found to be sex and age. However, as the qualitative aspect of the study reveals, the usage of these forms depends on diverse and subtle variables, including social distance, relative power, and age, as well as their interaction within specific communicational situations. The study confirms that plural forms of address generally convey respect, formality, and polite distance, while singular forms indicate friendliness, intimacy, and familiarity. Nevertheless, both formal and informal forms of address can also be employed as impoliteness strategies. In some cases, the switch between the forms of address is caused by mutual agreement, while in others, it occurs on its own and indicates changes in social or psychological circumstances. The choice between singular and plural forms of address is often complex and not always fluent; therefore, interlocutors may seek to avoid them altogether and navigate a delicate balance between formal and informal ways of addressing people.","PeriodicalId":34080,"journal":{"name":"Taikomoji kalbotyra","volume":"16 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhetorical structure and linguistic features of research article abstracts in the humanities: the case of Lithuanian, English, and Russian","authors":"Erika Gobekci","doi":"10.15388/taikalbot.2023.19.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2023.19.4","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, research article abstracts have been receiving increased attention of scholars. While abstracts in English have been extensively researched, there are few studies on abstracts in Russian and no studies on abstracts in Lithuanian. This study investigates the rhetorical structure and linguistic features of research article abstracts across different humanities disciplines in Lithuanian, English and Russian. My aim is to detect similarities and differences in abstract structure and corresponding linguistic features within the three different academic writing traditions. I seek to answer the question which writing tradition, the Anglo-Saxon or the Continental, is closer to Lithuanian academic writing. This study employs contrastive qualitative and quantitative analysis and corpus-based methodology. The results highlight aspects of abstract writing that may be relevant for researchers while preparing abstracts of their research articles in these three languages.","PeriodicalId":34080,"journal":{"name":"Taikomoji kalbotyra","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43377232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why do Infinite Forms Matter: Analysis of Verbs from the Lexical Database of Lithuanian Language Usage","authors":"J. Kovalevskaite, Erika Rimkute","doi":"10.15388/taikalbot.2023.19.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2023.19.5","url":null,"abstract":"From the corpus data, we observe that in the real language usage, the particular verb does not appear in all theoretically possible finite and infinite verb forms in the morphologically rich Lithuanian but is used in those forms which are relevant for the verb patterning. On the one hand, by teaching vocabulary, is it important to represent lexis in these relevant forms – frequently used forms, and, on the other hand, in grammar teaching, there is a need to provide learners with appropriate vocabulary, e.g., by teaching infinite forms, to use verbs, in the usage of which, these forms are relevant and frequent.In this paper, we provide language teaching practitioners with the data about the frequently used Lithuanian verbs and show which of them and how often appear in infinite forms (participles in passive and active voice, adverbial participles, half participles). As a research data we use 200 verbs from the Lexical Database of Lithuanian Language Usage which was developed on the basis of the written subcorpus of the Pedagogic corpus of Lithuanian. The investigated verbs belong to the frequent vocabulary: in the corpus of approx. 700,000 tokens, these verbs are used 100 times (and above). First, we analysed, which verbs appear in infinite forms, second, we checked whether frequent and typical infinite forms are included into corpus pattern(s) of these particular verbs, and if there is a link between the infinite form and a particular meaning of the verb.All verbs (except of three verbs with no infinite forms) were included into one of three groups: 1) 11 verbs which occur in the infinite forms frequently (more than 50% of all forms – finite and infinite) and, accordingly, typical; 2) 117 verbs with the infinite forms making up from 10 to 50%; 3) 69 verbs, with the infinite forms making up less than 10% of all verb forms. Interestingly, the verbs of the first group, usually have only one infinite form, e.g., participle in passive voice which makes up more than 50% of all forms of verb. These cases are also frequently observed in the second verb group. Thus, if the verb tends to be used in infinite forms, it is important to know which infinite form is relevant to that particular verb.In the Lexical Database of Lithuanian Language Usage, lexical and grammatical patterning of the word is represented in the form of corpus patterns. In this study, we showed the interrelation between the frequently used infinite forms of the verb and its corpus patterns (also, corpus patterns related to particular meaning of the polysemous verb). We can expect various applications of the provided data in the Lithuanian as a foreign language teaching: the provided data about the verbs typical and frequent in infinite forms and the corpus patterns including these infinite forms can be used for building vocabulary training as well as for developing grammar exercises.","PeriodicalId":34080,"journal":{"name":"Taikomoji kalbotyra","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45023168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}